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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1:
FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE PHILIPPINE STATE

READING LIST AND COVERAGE

Note: For easier reading management and achieving a working grasp of the Constitution, we
have divided the course into three thematic modules following Lincoln’s definition of a
democracy—the very bedrock of our country for which reason we have a constitution:

First Module: Introduction and “Government OF the People”

Second Module: “Government BY the People” (to follow)
Third Module: “Government FOR the People” and Other Matters (to follow)

FIRST MODULE

Introduction

A. Historical Foundations and Principles of Constitutional Government

Proclamation of Philippine Independence, June 12, 1898

1899 Malolos Constitution
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1899-malolos-constitution/

Apolinario Mabini, The Philippine Revolution

http://malacanang.gov.ph/8143-the-philippine-revolution-by-apolinario-
mabini/#:~:text=Mabini%20wrote%20The%20Philippine%20Revolution,sesquicentennia
l%20of%20Apolinario%20Mabini's%20birth.)

Apolinario Mabini, Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic

http://malacanang.gov.ph/8128-the-constitutional-program-of-the-philippine-republic/

Dr. Frank Jenista, “Reflections on June 12, 1898: Philippine Declaration of Independence
Amid a “Dangerous International Environment”
https://www.usphsociety.org/2020/06/09/weekly-series-reflections-on-june-12-1898-
philippine-declaration-of-independence-amid-a-dangerous-international-environment/

Proclamation of Philippine Independence, July 4, 1946

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1946/07/04/proclamation-of-philippine-
independence-read-by-u-s-high-commissioner-paul-v-mcnutt-on-the-inauguration-of-the-
republic-of-the-philippines-july-4-1946/

Proclamation No. 28, May 12, 1962

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1962/05/12/proclamation-no-28-s-1962/

Clause 40, Magna Carta, 1215

https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-english-translation

United States Declaration of Independence (2nd sentence)

https://www.ushistory.org/declaration/document/

People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316
Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356
U.S. v. Lee, 106 U.S. 196
 Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil 778
Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh and Dizon, G.R. No. L-5, September 17, 1945
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989

Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr., The Common Law, p. 1.

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2449/2449-h/2449-h.htm

Elliot Bulmer, What is a Constitution? Principles and Concepts, International Institute for
Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2017.
https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/what-is-a-constitution-primer.pdf

Maria Ela L. Atienza (ed.), Chronology of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, UPCIDS,
2019.
https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/chronology-of-the-1987-philippine-
constitution.pdf

B. Constitutional Construction

Francisco v. House of Representatives, G.R. No. 160261, November 10, 2003

Puno, J., Dissenting Opinion, Tolentino v. Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
La Bugal-B’laan v. Ramos, G.R. No. 127882, December 1, 2004
Edwards v. Attorney General for Canada, (1930] A.C. 124 at 136
https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/ukjcpc/doc/1929/1929canlii438/1929canlii438.html

Vicki C. Jackson, Constitutions as “Living Trees”? Comparative Constitutional Law and

Interpretive Metaphors, 75 Fordham L. Rev. 921-960 (2006)

Michael D. Ramsey, Beyond the Text: Justice Scalia’s Originalism in Practice, 92 Notre
Dame Law Review 1945 (2017)
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2954078

Part I – GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE

A. Preamble

Liav Orgad, The Preamble in Constitutional Interpretation, International Journal of

Constitutional Law, Volume 8, Issue 4, October 2010, Pages 714–738,
https://academic.oup.com/icon/article/8/4/714/667109

A.M. No. 10-4-19-SC, March 07, 2017, Re: Letter of Tony Q. Valenciano, Holding of
Religious Rituals at the Hall of Justice Building in Quezon City

B. National Territory (Art. I)

R.A. No. 9522, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2009/03/10/republic-act-no-9522/

P.D. No. 1596, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1978/06/11/presidential-decree-no-
1596-s-1978/

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Art. 121
https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf

Article III, Treaty of Paris (1898)

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1898/12/10/treaty-of-peace-between-the-united-
states-of-america-and-the-kingdom-of-spain-treaty-of-paris-signed-in-paris-december-10-
1898/

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 Cariño v. Insular Government, 212 U.S. 449 (1909)
Cruz v. Europa, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000
Magallona v. Ermita, G.R. No. 187167, August 16, 2011
Saguisag v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 212426, January 12, 2016
Republic v. Provincial Government of Palawan, G.R. No. 170867, December 4, 2018
The Republic of the Philippines vs. The People’s Republic of China, Case No. 2013-19,
Permanent Court of Arbitration, July 12, 2016

Antonio T. Carpio, Defending Philippine Sovereign Rights in the West Philippine Sea,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GWcgKNMxjo
Antonio T. Carpio, The South China Sea Dispute: Philippine Sovereign Rights and
Jurisdiction in the West Philippine Sea (e-book: https://www.imoa.ph/downloads/)

Rapu-Rapu Minerals Inc. (Rapu-Rapu Polymetallic Project Quick Facts),

http://region5.mgb.gov.ph/attachments/category/27/RRPP_Mining_Company_Profile_20
18_final_v2.pdf

Oxfam Australia, Mining Ombudsman Case Report: Rapu Rapu polymetallic mine, 2008.
https://www.banktrack.org/download/mining_ombudsman_case_report_rapu_rapu_poly
metallic_mine/rapurapucasereport.pdf

C. Principles and State Policies (Art. II)

1933 Montevideo Convention (Convention on Rights and Duties of States adopted by the
Seventh International Conference of American States)
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/LON/Volume%20165/v165.pdf

Province of North Cotabato v. GRP Peace Panel, G.R. No. 183591, October 14, 2008
Maynilad Water Services v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 202897, August 6, 2019
DOTC v. Spouses Abecina, G.R. No. 206484, June 29, 2016
UP v. City Treasurer of Quezon City, G.R. No. 214044, June 19, 2019
Sister Pilar Versoza v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 184535, September 3, 2019
CoTeSCUP v. Secretary of Education, G.R. No. 216930, October 9, 2018
Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, February 3, 1997
Saguisag v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 212426, January 12, 2016
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989
Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003
Velarde v. Social Justice Society, G.R. No. 159357, April 28, 2004
Calalang v. Williams, G.R. No. 47800, December 2, 1940
Oposa v. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993
Segovia v. Climate Change Commission, G.R. No. 211010, March 7, 2017
Dolot v. Paje, G.R. No. 199199, August 27, 2013
MMDA v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, G.R. Nos. 171947-48, Dec. 18, 2008
Abogado v. DENR, G.R. No. 246209, September 3, 2019
SWS v. Comelec, G.R. No. 208062, April 7, 2015
Republic v. NCIP, G.R. No. 208480, September 25, 2019
Disini v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, February 18, 2014

D. State Immunity (Art. XVI, sec. 3)

DOTC v. Spouses Abecina, G.R. No. 206484, June 29, 2016

Most Rev. Arigo v. Swift, G.R. No. 206510, September 16, 2014
Kawanakoa v. Polybank, 205 U.S. 349
Municipality of San Fernando, La Union v. Firme, G.R. No. L-52179, April 8, 1991
Shauf v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 90314, November 27, 1990

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E. Citizenship (Art. IV)

Poe-Llamanzares v. Comelec, G.R. No. 221697, March 8, 2016

Tabasa v. Court of Appeals, G.R.No. 125793, August 29, 2006
Nicholas-Lewis v. Comelec, G.R. No. 162759, August 4, 2006

F. Suffrage (Art. V)

Nicholas-Lewis v. Comelec, G.R. No. 162759, August 4, 2006

Risos-Vidal v. Comelec, G.R. No. 206666, January 21, 2015
Kabataan Party-List v. Comelec, G.R. No. 221318, December 16, 2015

G. Commission on Elections (Art. IX, A, C)

Tallado v. Comelec, G.R. No. 246679, September 10, 2019

Mitra v. Comelec, G.R. No. 191938, July 2, 2010
Reyes v. Comelec, G.R. No. 207264, October 22, 2013

H. National Flag (Art. XVI, sec. 1)

Ebralinag v. The Division Superintendent of Schools of Cebu, G.R. No. 95770, Dec. 29,
1995

I. National Symbols (Art. XVI, sec. 2)

Niels Mulder, Filipino Identity: The Haunting Question, Journal of Current Southeast
Asian Affairs
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/186810341303200103

Dieter Grimm, Integration by Constitution, 2005.