Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Indian Constitution and Its
Indian Constitution and Its
1. Sovereignty: You may have read the Preamble. It declares India “a sovereign
socialist secular democratic republic”. Being sovereign means having complete
political freedom and being the supreme authority. It implies that India is
internally all powerful and externally free. It is free to determine for itself without
any external interference (either by any country or individual) and nobody is
there within to challenge its authority. This feature of sovereignty gives us the
dignity of existence as a nation in the international community. Though the
Constitution does not specify where the sovereign authority lies but a mention of
‘We the People of India’ in the Preamble clearly indicates that sovereignty rests
with the people of India. This means that the constitutional authorities and organs
of government derive their power only from the people.
2. Socialism: You may be aware that social and economic inequalities have been
inherent in the Indian traditional society. Which is why, socialism has been made
a constitutional value aimed at promoting social change and transformation to
end all forms of inequalities. Our Constitution directs the governments and the
people to ensure a planned and coordinated social development in all fields. It
directs to prevent concentration of wealth and power in a few hands. The
Constitution has specific provisions that deal with inequalities in the Chapters on
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
3. Secularism: We all are pleased when anyone says that India is a home to almost
all major religions in the world. In the context of this plurality (means more than
one or two; many), secularism is seen as a great constitutional value. Secularism
implies that our country is not guided by any one religion or any religious
considerations. However, the Indian state is not against religions. It allows all its
citizens to profess, preach and practise any religion they follow. At the same
time, it ensures that the state does not have any religion of its own. Constitution
strictly prohibits any discrimination on the ground of religion.
5. Republic: India is not only a democratic nation but it is also a republic. The most
important symbol of being a republic is the office of the Head of the State, i.e. the
President who is elected and who is not selected on the basis of heredity, as is
found in a system with monarchy. This value strengthens and substantiates
democracy where every citizen of India is equally eligible to be elected as the
Head of the State. Political equality is the chief message of this provision.
6. Justice: At times you may also realise that living in a democratic system alone
does not ensure justice to citizens in all its totality. Even now we find a number
of cases where not only the social and economic justice but also the political
justice is denied. Which is why, the constitution-makers have included social,
economic and political justice as constitutional values. By doing so, they have
stressed that the political freedom granted to Indian citizens has to be
instrumental in the creation of a new social order, based on socio-economic
justice. Justice must be availed to every citizen. This ideal of a just and
egalitarian society remains as one of the foremost values of the Indian
Constitution.
7. Liberty: The Preamble prescribes liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and
worship as one of the core values. These have to be assured to every member of
all the communities. It has been done so, because the ideals of democracy can not
be attained without the presence of certain minimal rights which are essential for
a free and civilized existence of individuals.
11. Unity and integrity of the Nation: As we have seen above, fraternity also
promotes one of the critical values, i.e. unity and integrity of the nation. To
maintain the independence of the country intact, the unity and integrity of the
nation is very essential. Therefore, the stress has been given on fostering unity
amongst all the inhabitants of the country. Our Constitution expects from all the
citizens of India to uphold and protect the unity and integrity of India as a matter
of duty.
12. International peace and a just international order: The value of international
peace and a just international order, though not included in the Preamble is
reflected in other provisions of the Constitution. The Indian Constitution directs
the state (a) to promote international peace and security, (b) maintain just and
honourable relations between nations, (c) foster respect for international law and
treaty obligations, and (d) encourage settlement of international disputes by
arbitration. To uphold and observe these values is in the interest of India. The
peace and just international order will definitely contribute to the development of
India.
Ethics Morals
What are they? The rules of conduct recognized in Principles or habits with
respect to a particular class of respect to right or wrong
human actions or a particular group conduct. While morals also
or culture. prescribe dos and don'ts,
morality is ultimately a
personal compass of right and
wrong.
Morals are the rules which people use to guide their behaviour and thinking when an
individual is dealing with, or capable of distinguishing between right or wrong. Moral
values are relative values that protect life and are respectful of the dual life values of
self and others. The great moral values, such as truth, freedom, honesty, fairness,
kindness, politeness, respect, virtues, perseverance, integrity, to know about one’s
duties, charity, compassion, etc. have one thing in common when they are functioning
correctly, they are life protecting or life enhancing for all. But they are still relative
values. Our relative moral values must be constantly examined to make sure that they
are always performing their life protecting mission. Hereafter comes ethics of a
person. Ethics are moral values in action, a person who knows the difference between
right and wrong and chooses right as moral. A person whose morality is reflected in
his willingness to do the right thing-even if it hard or dangerous is ethical. Morality
protects life and is respectful of others – all others. It is a lifestyle that is consistent
with mankind’s universal values.
Degradation of moral values among young generation is at present a blazing issue.
Behaviours and actions denoting immorality such as rape, sexual abuse, robbery, drug
abuse, school violence, mob lynching, killing etc., are on the rising trend among
adults, youth and children of our society. Due to various changes such as rapid
modernization, industrialization, urbanization, globalization, excessively materialistic
lifestyles, as well as influence of western culture accompanied many problems and
evils in Indian society that cause declining ethical values in Indian education system.
The more society become fragmented the less law and morality achieved. Factors
influencing breakdown between law and morals are increasing specialization of
labour, ethnic diversity within society, and the fading and decreasing influence of
religious beliefs. If morals are not taught our children will make decisions based on
immediate needs and desired, and based on emotions, not on sound judgment and they
take the short cut and easy path even if it is wrong.
Psychological management
The psychology of management" as "the effect of the mind that is directing work
upon that work which is directed, and the effect of this undirected and directed work
upon the mind of the worker." She expresses the view that scientific management is
"built on the principle of recognition of the individual, not only as an economic unit
but as a personality", stressing the importance of including the "human element" in
management, which was lacking in the prevailing form of Taylorism at the time. It
was also the first time that basic elements of management theory were brought
together, including "(1) knowledge of individual behavior, (2) the theory of groups,
(3) the theory of communication, and (4) a rational basis for decision making".
Power Management
Power management is a computing device feature that allows users to control the
amount of electrical power consumed by an underlying device, with minimal impact
on performance. It enables the switching of devices in various power modes, each
with different power usage characteristics related to device performance.
Democracy
Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose
their governing officials or to deliberate and decide legislation via direct democracy.
Who is considered part of the people and how authority is shared among or delegated
by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries, but
over time more and more of the country's inhabitants have generally been included.
Cornerstones of democracy include freedom of
assembly and speech, inclusiveness and equality, membership, consent, voting, right
to life and minority rights.
Conflict Resolution?
Conflict resolution is a way for two or more parties to find a peaceful solution to a
disagreement among them. The disagreement may be personal, financial, political, or
emotional.
When a dispute arises, often the best course of action is negotiation to resolve the
disagreement.
Today, every parent wants to give the best education to children, which is not
just confined to the books but it goes much beyond that. The parents look at
the holistic development of their children as that is essential to edge in the
global scenario. That is why parents focus on extracurricular activities and
value education along with academics.
In today’s time, when there is a huge crisis of moral values in society, value-
based education proves out to be the solution. Through value-based
education, we can develop the children into people with strong character and
values who know how to utilize their knowledge for the advantage of
mankind.
Value-based education aims at training the student to face the outer world
with the right attitude and values. It is a process of overall personality
development of a student. It includes character development, personality
development, citizenship development, and spiritual development.
Some people think that personality is an inborn character of a child and it can
never be developed or homed. However, this is not true. Personality
development sessions and a good school selection can a radical change in the
personality of a child.
The students become more responsible for their behavior with teachers
and fellow students.
The students become regular with their home works and class works.
They learn to cooperate with the teachers and fellow students in every
situation.
They learn to handle every situation in class with maturity.
The students become attentive in class.
It helps students to take their own decision without any hesitation.
It develops a positive mind and a good attitude.
Value education creates a strong relationship between student and
teachers.
Q) Value Crisis
Value crisis is when the practice of members of the society starts deviating from the
values we hold dear. When there is a general acceptance of corrupt practices and
unethical activities, then the society as a whole is in value crisis. It creates a new
normal of acceptance of dishonesty, lies and immoral behavior.
Is Indian society facing value crisis?
The deepening value crisis in the contemporary Indian society is casting its evil
shadow in all walks of our life. There is lack of development of sound moral vision
among human being along with scientific and technological development. As a result,
human being can produce such powerful means of destruction like hydrogen and
nuclear bombs and destroy the whole world in no time. Wealth worshipped as god,
Pride has become a creed.The promises of the ‘tryst with the destiny’ and the dreams
of prosperity, social wellbeing and human happiness are proving to be false. One can
understand the nature of the value crisis in different spheres of our life. These spheres
may be categorized as individual, societal, intellectual and cultural.
Integrated personality ?
Integrated personality refers to a personality which integrates the various dimensions
of the personality into a balanced and integrated whole. The integrated personality
aims at developing the whole or the total human being.
Leadership ?
Self exploration ?
OR
It is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to
be’.
It is a process of self evolution through self-investigation.
It is a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence.
It is a process of recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in existence and
fulfilling it.
It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living
accordingly.
It is a process of being in harmony with oneself and in harmony with entire
existence.
Professional Profession
A professional is a member of A Profession is a disciplined group of
a profession or any person who earns a individuals who adhere to ethical standards and
living from a specified professional activity. who hold themselves out as, and are accepted
The term also describes the standards of by the public as possessing special knowledge
education and training that prepare members and skills in a widely recognised body of
of the profession with the particular learning derived from research, education and
knowledge and skills necessary to perform training at a high level, and who are prepared
their specific role within that profession. to apply this knowledge and exercise these
skills in the interest of others.
A person who belongs to a profession A promise or vow made on entering a religious
order.
A person who earns their living from a A declaration of belief, faith or of one's
specified activity opinion.
A reputation known by name An occupation, trade, craft, or activity in which
one has a professed expertise in a particular
area; a job, especially one requiring a high
level of skill or training.
That is carried out for money, especially as a That which one professed; a declaration; an
livelihood. avowal; a claim; as, his professions are
insincere.
Spiritual Values
Spiritual values are the integrative values of human soul consisting of altruistic,
humanistic, personal, divine, and affective values leading to spiritual growth of
personality.
1- Harmony
Life is generally full of contradictions, conflicts and disagreements. The spirit is a
unity that must be based on harmony. In this way, by expressing and keeping our lives
in harmony, we are working hard to reach a state of Spiritual awareness .
When this state of harmony is reached, the spirit opens itself to unexpected
opportunities, there is a process of expansion of consciousness outside the physical
plane and the human being experiences a permanent state of joy, having the ability to
discover its reality in another way And acquire superior knowledge.
Harmony allows human beings to crave wellness for everything around them. It is a
state of peace and fulfillment that allows the soul to move towards happiness.
2- Truth
Truth is the ultimate expression of divinity. Truth is essentially reality. To have true
thoughts, both words and actions must be aligned with the rest of our lives in a
coherent way, only then can we reach a greater state of consciousness.
Being honest is not just talking to the truth, it is being completely transparent with our
attitudes and attitudes towards life.
In this way, it is said that all circumstances are lived inflexibly true, allowing the soul
to rise above the plane of human consciousness, reaching spiritual height.
To live according to the spiritual value of truth is to live consistently. For example, if
we fervently believe in something, we act according to our beliefs and not in a
contradictory way (Stapledon, 2014).
3- Charity
Spiritual progress means going beyond the limits of the ego. The ego only cares about
your well-being and pleasure. To genuinely change the direction of our lives, we must
change from ego to spirit.
Many times, it is normal to see that in practice, one individual helps another expecting
something in return. These actions are not charitable and seek love, material goods or
favors in consideration.
Charity means that we do not feel superior or give others what they need to feel better
about our lives. Charity brings with it genuine and deep joy to do good to other
people, without being very aware of what is given.
This spiritual value is understood as compassion for a person alien to our reality. He
tries to feel the pain of the other as if it were his own, to seek a remedy for this pain
without expecting anything in return (Jesus, 2015).
4- Faith
Faith is often regarded as a faculty and not as a value. However, the mind can accept
the idea of faith and turn it into a dynamic principle of life. Faith is described as the
knowledge of the soul that the mind does not yet master.
Often our faith is limited by our past experiences and our willingness to trust others.
In order for faith to be part of a person's spiritual values, we must first change the
orientation of our confidence from ourselves, other people, money, or any material
element, to our spirit. When you trust in the spirit, you understand life from a higher
reality.
Faith is the blunt affirmation that there is a higher divinity willing to contribute to our
personal development and well-being.
5- Hope
Hope is a spiritual value that plays a fundamental role in Religions Like the Catholic
and Christian.
At the spiritual level, this value is based on the belief that the spirit of human beings is
not a ephemeral element, but transcends a supernatural plane after death.
Out of the Christian religion, hope is more than a spiritual value and is also
understood as a personal value that gives human beings the possibility of living life
with optimism, directing energy to the fulfillment of goals.
We never ask for others’ opinions. We seek others’ opinions and value them.
According to us, whatever we say is right You never impose your decision on
and whatever we do is the best. We others. And if they have a better solution,
impose our decision on others. you appreciate it.
People don’t like us and they avoid We create a positive aura all around.
meeting. The reason is clear… we are not People feel comfortable and everyone
good with them. They may fear us but loves us, barring the ones who are
trust me, they don’t love us. egoistic.
It’s a weakness. If we are egoistic, It’s a strength. When we ride high on self
appreciation makes us feel strong and respect, we are uninterested in both
criticism feels weak. Both feelings are appreciation and criticism. We may enjoy
infectious. Especially critics, we have appreciation, but we don’t need it.
trough times dealing them.
Interpersonal relationship
Interpersonal relationship refers to a strong association among individuals working
together in the same organization. Employees working together ought to share a
special bond for them to deliver their level best. It is essential for individuals to be
honest with each other for a healthy interpersonal relationship and eventually positive
ambience at the workplace.
Integrity ?
Social Values?
Social values form an important part of the culture of the society. Values account for
the stability of social order. They provide the general guidelines for social conduct.
Values such as fundamental rights, patriotism, respect for human dignity, rationality,
sacrifice, individuality, equality, democracy etc. guide our behaviour in many ways.
Values are the criteria people use in assessing their daily lives; arrange their priorities
and choosing between alternative course of action.
Meaning: -Social Values are values (standards) concerned with social aspects of
human life. For example, truth, honesty, justice, kindness, generosity, tolerance,
patriotism, perfection, excellence, etc. the business organisations are expected to
participate in the development of social values through educative advertising, cultural
programmes, national integration programmes , assistance to educational institutions,
etc.
Social Development: -Social Values foster social development also, for instance,
several industrialists and charitable institutions have shown generosity and started
schools, colleges, hospitals, cultural centres for the benefit of common people.
Social relations: -Social values like co-operation, tolerance, respect for seniors, etc.
tend to improve social ties or relations. When a person extends his hand of co-
operation to others, even the enemies will have to check their inimical relations.
Human rights ?
Dignity
Fairness
Equality
Respect and
Independence.
Sense of Responsibility ?
A strong sense of responsibility affects how an individual carry out life and how one
makes an effort and undertakings to achieve all the desires in life. As we mature, our
responsibilities become more comprehensibly obvious – responsibility to ourselves, to
our family, to our friends, to the community and to the whole society. It is very
important to personally feel responsible in life. It is just right to take control of our
life and learn to carry the weight of responsibility and the blame when something goes
wrong. We ought to do things that have been tasked to us whether for the benefit of
ourselves or for others. We need to awake the general consciousness within us to be
aware of the responsibilities assigned to us. Setting aside the fear of unknown could
help us get in the way. Trying to do new things or going into another path will help us
grow and realize many things that we have to keep in mind. Giving ourselves limitless
chances to grow and putting no boundaries in learning would help us face our
responsibilities in a lighter way – unleashing our true potentials and stepping out our
comfort zones. A case when sense of responsibility is working with us.