Classification of Art
 Practical – primarily meant to be
functional in everyday life
 Environmental – use of space to interact
with the surrounding and nature
 Pictorial – artwork that is predominantly
visual and spatial
 Auditory – engage the sense of hearing
ex. Sound effects
 Musical – harness a logical arrangement
of sound ex. Dance with musical
accompaniment
 Narrative – follow a story structure ex.
Comics
 Dramatic – used to describe works done
by/for performance based representation
Medium – materials or substances used by the
artist to produce artwork
Mediums and materials in drawing
1. Charcoal – organic material from burnt
wood
a. Vine – comes in thin sticks and is
easy to blend and erase
b. Compressed – charcoal pressed into
a wooden casing; creates darker
shades than vine charcoal
2. Graphite – made from a soft mineral;
easier to use and not messy as charcoal
Drawing – first step in producing 2D artworks
1. Sketching – done at the “spur of the
moment”, most fundamental type of
drawing
2. Life drawing – based upon the
observation of particular subject ex. Still
life and figure drawing
3. Perspective drawing – creates 3D
objects on a 2D plane; used in
architecture
Technique – manner in which artists use and
manipulate materials to achieve desired formal
effect and communicate the desired concept or
meaning, according to his/her personal style
TECHNIQUE ≠ STYLE
Shading – use of degrees of values giving the
work characteristics of depth and texture
Hatching
Cross-
hatching
Blending
Stippling
Pointilism
Scribbling
Simangan, Anne Louise Nicole T.
Painting – application of color to a surface Impasto – using a palette knife
through brush or knife to scrape up a bit of paint and
Components of paint apply it to the work surface
 Pigment – minerals and substances to
give a paint its color
 Binder – material that hold the pigment
together and allow it to stick to a surface 2D media
 Solvent – liquids used to control the  Printmaking – process of transferring of
viscosity (thickness and thinness) of the an original image from a prepared
paint surface (matrix/printing plate) onto
Kinds of paint another surface, paper or canvas
 Oil-based – used during early Lithography Stone
Renaissance; dry slowly Wood block Wood
 Water-soluble paints Screen print Silkscreen
a. Watercolor Etching Metal
b. Goache – mixture of transparent
watercolor with water-soluble white  Mixed media – art that combine various
chalk mediums
 Tempera – used during Middle Ages;
consists of natural pigments, egg  Multimedia art – combines texts,
(binder), water (solvent) graphics, video and sound in a single
 Acrylic – composed of water-soluble masterpiece
synthetic pigments and water-resistant
3D media
when dry
Mediums and materials in painting  Sculpture
Brush Subtractive Carving
Addition Junk art
a. Bristle – comes from pig’s fur; used for
Manipulation Molding
impressionist paintings and traditional Substitution Casting
Chinese and Japanese art  Installation art – any arrangement of
b. Sable – comes from sable/weasel fur; objects in an exhibition space
used in watercolor and oil painting
c. Nylon – synthetic; almost has the same Photography
texture with sable and is suitable for all Aperture – opening and closing of lens
kinds of painting Shutter speed - how long the exposure of
the image
ISO – effect of light to the image

Cinematography
 Close-up  Point – basic unit of a design
 Line – mark between two points
 Shape – two-dimensional
a. Geometric – clear outlines
Extreme b. Organic – natural, less well-defined
close-up edges
 Form – 3-dimensional
 Space – area between two elements
 Texture – surface of an object also the
Long perceived physical properties
 Color
a. Black – presence of all colors
b. White – absence of all colors
Low-angle Characteristics of color
 Value – lightness or darkness of
tones

High-angle  Tints – add white

 Shades – add black
 Tones – add gray

Point of view Primary

Eye level

Dutch
Secondary

Headroom &
leading room

Elements of Art
Tertiary

Color Psychology
 Red – love, rage, courage
 Orange – optimistic, extroverted
(adventure, social communication)
 Yellow – joyfulness, enlightenment,
sunlight, spirituality
 Green – renewal, growth
 Blue – peace, serenity, meditation,
relaxation
Hue – attribute of a color that makes it distinct
from another color
Saturation – dominance of hue in a color
 Desaturated colors are dulled down
Color Schemes
 Achromatic – neutral colors (black,
white, gray, brown)
 Monochromatic – single base hue and
extended using its shades, tones and
tints
 Complementary – colors that are
opposite on the color wheel; shows high
contrast
 Analogous – three colors next to each
other on the color wheel
 Triadic – three colors
evenly spaced out in the color wheel
 Split-complementary – variation of the
complementary scheme (Y or small ∆)
 Tetradic –
double
complementary (▭)
Components of Art
1. Form – how artist organized their
artwork ex. Texture, visual organization
2. Subject – depicted object
Kinds of Subject
 Representational/figurative – actual
artwork
 Non-representational/non-objective –
abstract
3. Theme – impact/meaning of the work
Subject matter – literal topic depicted in the
work
Ways of presenting subject matter
1. History
2. Religion – worship any god
3. Mythological – supernatural gods
4. Nature
 Landscape – body of land
 Cityscape – city
 Fauna – animal
 Seascape – body of water
 Flora - flower
5. Genre – everyday life
6. Portrait – representation of artist
7. Nude – idealistic, beauty of the human
form
8. Still life – arrangement of inanimate
objects
9. Surrealistic – dreams or hallucinations
10. Abstract – exaggerated/ simplified
objects, lines, shapes
Composition – arrangement and structure of
elements of the artwork
Principles of Composition
 Balance – visual stability
 Symmetrical – equal weights on
both sides
 Asymmetrical – placement of
varying weight

 Emphasis – center of interest; through

shape, color, light
 Movement – visual sense of flow
through the artwork
 Unity – different elements in sync with
one another
 Contrast – arrangement of two or more
opposite elements
 Chiarusco – strong contrast
between light and shadow
 Tenebrism – predominantly dark
tones over light for dramatic
effect
 Harmony – combining similar elements
 Repetition – repeated use of an
element

 Rhythm – continuity recurrence

and sequence in time and space