Measures of Location/Point of measures

Measures of Location
Are values below which a specified percentage of the observations in a given set must Fall.
Include the PERCENTILE, DECILE AND QUARTILE
The procedure in finding the point measure is almost the same as that of the median
Are values that divide a set of observations into 100 equal parts. Thus,
P1,read as first percentile, is the value which 1% of the values fall
P2,read as second percentile, is the value which 2% of the values fall
P99, read as ninety-ninth percentile, is the value below which 99% of the values fall.

Formula for the percentile

To compute for ith the percentile:

P1=the value of the [i(n+1)/100]th observation in the array.

Example:
the following were the scores of 10 students in a short quiz:

2 8 6 7 8 5 9 10 1 10 .

find the 64th percentile.

Solution:

first arrange the data from lowest to highest.

1 2 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 10
Find the 35th percentile

Formula:

Px = i(n+1)/100 th

P64 =64(10+1)/100 8th observation

=64(8/100)
=704/100

=7.04

Therefore, the 64th percentile is 9. Which interpreted as 64% of the scores are below 9.
APPROXIMATING THE ITH PERCENTILE FROM A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Px LCBPx+C(N-<CFPx)/FPx

Where
The Pi th class is the class where the <Cf is equal to, or exceeds for the first time, in/100.
LCB-lower class boundary of the Pi th
C- class size of the Pith class
FPI- frequency of the Pith class
<CFPx -1- less than cumulative frequency of the class preceding the Pi th class

Find the 35th percentile

In getting the 35th percentile

Formula:

Px = i(n)/100 th

P35 =35(110)/100 P35th class

=3,850/100

=38.50

SOLUTION
SCORE FREQUENCY <CF
Px LCBPx+C(N-<CFPx)/FPx
50-54 10 10
P35 =69.5+5(38.5-34)/17
55-59 3 13
=69.5+5(4.5)/17
60-64 8 21
69.5+22.5/17 it is <CF of the class preceding
65-69 13 34
=69.5+1.324
70-74 17 51
=70.80
75-79 19 70

80-84 22 92
Thirty-five percent of the scores in the achievement
85-89 13 105
test are below 70.82.
90-94 4 109

94-99 1 110

TOTAL 110
DECILES
D1, read as first decile, is the value which 10% of the values fall
D2, read as second decile, is the value which 20% of the values fall
D9, read as ninth decile, is the value below which 90% of the values fall

Formula:
D1 is the value of the i(n+1)/10th Observation in the array.

Example:
from the given set score in a quiz find the 4 th decile of D4
3 8 9 11 12 18 19

3 8 9 11 12 18 19

FORMULA:

DX=I(N+1/10

D4 =4(8)/10
=32/10
3.2 or the 4 th observation
=3.2

Therefore, the 4th decile is 11, this implies that: 40% of the score in the quiz are below 11.

Approximating the ith DECILE from a frequency distribution

Where
The Qx th class is the class where the <Cf is equal to, or exceeds for the first time, in/4.
LCB-lower class boundary of the Qx
C- class size of the Qx class
FPI- frequency of the Qx class
<CFPx -1- less than cumulative frequency of the class preceding the Q x class

Find the 6th DECILE

Formula:

Dx = i(n)/10 th

D6 =6(110)/10 D6th class

=660/10
=66

D6TH is the class containing (6(110/10)TH observation which is the 66th observation. The said observation
can be found at the 75-79 class interval.
SCORE FREQUENCY <CF SOLUTION
50-54 10 10 Dx LCBDx+C(N-<CFDx)/FDx
55-59 3 13
60-64 8 21 D35 =74.5+5(66-51)/19
65-69 13 34 =74.5+5(15)/19
70-74 17 51
75-79 19 70 74.5+5/17 it is <CF of the class preceding
80-84 22 92 =74.5+3.95
85-89 13 105
90-94 4 109 =78.45
94-99 1 110 Thus, 60% of the scores are below 78.45.
TOTAL 110  

Quartiles

Are the values that divide the array into 4 equal parts. Thus,
Q1, read as first quartile, is the value below which 25% of the values fall
Q2, read as second decile, is the value below which 50% of the values fall
Q3, read as ninth decile, is the value below which 75% of the values fall
Formula:

Q1 I the value of the [i(n+1)/10]th Observation in the array.

Example:
from the given set score in a quiz find the 3 rd quartile
3 8 9 11 12 18 19

FORMULA:

Q3=[3(7+1)/4]

Q3 = [3(7+1)/4]

Q3 =3(8)/4
=24/4
3 rd observation
=6

Therefore, the 3th quartile is 18, this implies that: 75% of the scores in the quiz are below 18.
FORMULA:

Q1 = i(n)/4

Q1=1(110)/4

Q1 = 110/4
= 27.5 Or 28 th observation

THE Q1 class containing (1x110/4)th observation which is the 27.5 th OR THE 28TH observation. The said
observation can be found at the 65-69 class interval.

Approximating the ith Quartile from a frequency distribution

Where
The Qx th class is the class where the <Cf is equal to, or exceeds for the first time, in/4.
LCB-lower class boundary of the Qx
C- class size of the Qx class
FPI- frequency of the Qx class
<CFPx -1- less than cumulative frequency of the class preceding the Q x class

FIND THE 1ST QUARTILE

SOLUTION
SCORE FREQUENCY <CF Qx LCBQx+C(N-<CFQx)/FQx
50-54 10 10
55-59 3 13 Q1 =64.5+5(27.5-21)/13
60-64 8 21 =64.5+5(6.5)/13
65-69 13 34
70-74 17 51 74.5+5/13 it is <CF of the class preceding
75-79 19 70 =64.5+2.5
80-84 22 92
85-89 13 105 =67
90-94 4 109
94-99 1 110
TOTAL 110   Thus, 25% of the scores are below 67.
Reference:

http://www.slideshare.net/ricajoypontilar/interpretation-of-assessment-results