G4 Basaya, Mary Margaret 11B

PREASSESSMENT

1. WHAT ARE INTERMOLECULAR FORCES?

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles
(atoms, molecules, or ions ). These forces are weak compared to the intramolecular forces, such as the
covalent or ionic bonds between atoms in a molecule. For example, the covalent bond present within
a hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule is much stronger than any bonds it may form with neighboring
molecules.

2. WHAT ARE THE GENERAL TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND EXPLAIN

EACH.

 Dipole–dipole interactions are a type of intermolecular attraction—attractions between

two molecules. Dipole-dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions between the
permanent dipoles of different molecules. These interactions align the molecules to
increase the attraction.
 Hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole interactions that occur between hydrogen and
either nitrogen, fluorine, or oxygen. Hydrogen bonds are incredibly important in biology,
because hydrogen bonds keep the DNA bases paired together, helping DNA maintain its
unique structure.
 London Dispersion Forces
Thus far, we have considered only interactions between polar molecules. Other factors
must be considered to explain why many nonpolar molecules, such as bromine, benzene,
and hexane, are liquids at room temperature; why others, such as iodine and naphthalene,
are solids. Even the noble gases can be liquefied or solidified at low temperatures, high
pressures, or both

3. GIVE EXAMPLES OF EACH TYPE OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES.

 dipole–dipole interaction can be that between polar molecules, such as hydrogen chloride
(HCl), carboxylic acids (i.e., acetic acid), and amino acids.
 water (H2O): Water is an excellent example of hydrogen bonding. ...
chloroform (CHCl3): Hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen of one molecule and
carbon of another molecule.
ammonia (NH3): Hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen of one molecule and nitrogen
of another.
 such as carbon dioxide and methane.

4. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES?

The ability to use representations of molecular structure to predict the macroscopic properties of a
substance is central to the development of a robust understanding of chemistry. Intermolecular forces
(IMFs) play an important role in this process because they provide a mechanism for how and why
molecules interact.