CHAPTER 2:

Review of Related
Literature and Studies
Contents in Chapter 2: Review of Related
Literature and Studies

(At least)
 3 Local Literature
 3 Foreign Literature
 3 Local Studies
 3 Foreign Studies
 WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW?

 Isan academic text that provides an overview of a

particular topic.
 Itidentifies what is known and not known about a
certain study.
 Involves HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS

REMEMBER: A literature review is an integral part of

any research paper.
 LITERATURE- It contain ideas, generalizations or materials taken
from books, news papers, textbooks, magazines, & other
materials which are written by Foreign/Local authors.
 Foreign/Local Studies- Contains Findings and/or conclusions
taken from researches, theses or dissertation (Publish or
Unpublished) conducted by Foreign/Local researchers.

REMEMBER: It should be relevant to the research conducted by the

writer.
SEVERAL FUNCTIONS OF RRL
 It established the relevance of the study
 It further helps in establishing the research gap that the study intends to
fill
 Provides important information about your topic and concepts related to it.
 It presents the contradictions between and among previous literature.
 It presents and discusses your theoretical and conceptual framework
(backbone of your study)
WHAT IS THE OBJECTIVE OF THE RRL?
The researchers need to meet the SSAP
 SURVEY- Before any writing can be done researcher need to READ, READ and READ.
 SYNTHESIS- It is the combination of 2 ideas of the research you are doing the (1)
objective of your research AND (2)the idea behind to your reference that you are
using, to establish the relevance of these two ideas.
 ANALYSIS- 1st Identification of the limitation of the study. 2nd Discussion &
Presentation of Further studies.
 PRESENTATION - The researcher need to establish the organization of your
references.
CITATION- When you quote directly from an idea or a theory
Format: APA (American Psychological Association)
 One Author
Order: (Last name, Year)
Example: According to Regala (2017)
 Two Authors
Order: (Author 1 & Author 2, Year)
Example: Research by Wegener and Pretty (2013) Supports…
(Wegener & Pretty 2013)
 Three or more Authors
List only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every
citation.
Example:
Kernis et al. (2010)
 Organization as an Author

Example:
According to the American Psychological Association (2000)
 According to the APA (n.d)
 Two or more works in the same parenthesis
Order: (Author, Year; Author, Year)

Example: (Loyola, 2019; Harlow, 1983)

 Website
Order: Author(s), year of publication, page title (italics), URL address

Example: Benson A. Kipp, R.M (2012). Potamopyugus

antipodarum.Retrieved from
ttp://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?SpeciesID=1008
 Book
Order: Author(s) year of publication, book title (in italics), City of Publication:
Publisher name.

Example: Durie M. (2003). Thesis Writing, Pasig: Linang Publishers.

 Thesis Dissertation
Order: Author(s), year of publication, book title (in italics), Name of institution,
location.

Example: Bernadez, S. A. (2010), Investigating oral presentation skills and non-

verbal communication technique in AU classroom: A thesis In teaching English to
speakers of other languages (Master’s thesis). Andres Bonifacio Arellano
University Campus.
REFERENCE:
 LEARNING-FROM-OTHERS-REVIEWING-THE-LITERATURE.pdf
THANK YOU and KEEP
SAFE ALWAYS! 