UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)

JENGKA , PAHANG
GEOLOGY LABORATORY
ECG103

TITLE :

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (EC110)

PREPARED BY :

NAME Matric Number

1Muhammad Imraan Naimullah Bin Abd 2010489522
Rahman

PREPARED FOR

Cik Halimah bt. K.Muhammad Kunni

Date Experiment:10/03/2011 Submission Date:17/03/2011

NO DESCRIPTION PAGE MARK

 1 TABLE OF CONTENT 1
2 INTRODUCTION 2
3 OBJECTIVES 3
4 INSTRUMENTS / MATERIALS 4
5 METHODOLOGY 5
6 RESULTS 6
7 DISCUSSION / ANALYSIS 8
8 CONCLUSION 9
9 APPENDICES 10
10 REFERENCES 11
TOTAL /25
INTRODUCTION
In this experiment,we are do mapping 2.Geological maps record a distribution of features on
the ground as they had been observed from above and some of the geological features are
concealed due to cover of vegetation or drift.When we do mapping,there most important
thing that we should know is how to read the symbols that have been used on a map before
studying it together with stratigraphical column and other information concerning the geology
of the area represented.Published geological maps vary in scale and the most detailed map
normally produced has a scale of about 1:10000 and the next smaller scale is about 1:50000
but in this experiment,we use 2.5:1000 for scale.Geological maps can be divided into
two,there are drift edition map of surface and solid edition physically.This reason for mapping
2 is structure contours. The continuous line are the geological boundaries separating
outcrops of the dipping strata beds P,Q,R,S,T AND U. Examine the map and note that the
geological boundaries are not parallel to the contour lines but in fact intersect them
OBJECTIVE
 To identification geological maps
 To determine what type kind of graft from geological map
 To determine the angle of dip and strata
 To determine the layer of the hill or valley based on contours and boundaries
INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS
 Geological Maps
 Graph Paper
 Pencil Colour
 Meter Ruler
 Pencil(2B)
METHODOLOGY
1.Colour the map based on symbols sedimentary rocks,superfical deposits,igneous rocks
and metamorphic rocks.

2.Do the line the point A to B. Lines of point A from right map is 5cm and point B is 2cm from
left map.

3.Draw the lines that through intercept between the contour with line od boundary for the
reference to draw other line.

4. Measure the distance for each contour and record the results in Table 1

5.Based on data,plot a graph of contour(cm) versus cumulative distance (m)

6.Colour the graph based on symbol.

7.Measure the angle in the graph and record it.

RESULTS
TABLE 1

CONTOUR LINE CUMULATIVE DISTANCE CUMULATIVE

(cm) DISTANCE(m)
350 0 0
400 1.9 380
500 6.5 1300
600 7.4 1480
500 14.1 2820
400 17.4 3480
320 21.1 4220

TABLE 2

BOUNDARY CONTOUR CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE

DISTANCE(cm) DISTANCE(m)
UT 500 0.5 100
UT 400 1.8 360
TS 700 4.6 920
TS 600 6.0 1200
TS 500 7.4 1480
TS 400 8.5 1700
SR 500 8.7 1740
SR 400 10.0 2000
RQ 600 11.3 2260
RQ 500 12.7 2540
RQ 300 15.4 3080
RQ 200 16.8 3360
QP 500 15.4 3080
QP 400 16.8 3360
QP 300 18.4 3680
QP 200 19.6 3920

ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

CONTOUR :

 Hills and valleys are usually carved out of layered sequences of rock or strata,
In simplest case we can consider strata are horizontal. Rarely are they so in
nature, they are frequently found elevated hundreds of meters above their
 position deposition and tilting has usually accompanied such uplift. The
pattern of outcrops of the beds in the sequence (the youngest) will outcrop on
the highest ground and the lowest beds in the sequence (the oldest) will
outcrop in the deepest valleys.

DISTANCES :

Is about the distance between contour to contour. By using the formula ;

Distance(m) = 500xdistance(cm)
2.5

COLOURS AND TYPE OF ROCKS :

BOUNDARY COLOURS TYPE OF ROCKS

T Yellow Sandstone
R Brown Marl
Q Brown Clay / Mudstone
U Orange Shale
P Green Conglomaerate
S Blue Limestone

ANGLE OF DIPPING

BOUNDARY ANGLE
UT
TS
SR
RQ
QP
CONCLUSION
Based on the experiment done,there are 2 objective were achieved.The graph can be
determine because there are many types of sedimentary and different contour.In this
experiement,we can determine the type of rocks and actual area of the place.Based on the
graph,all of the boundaries contain the sedimentary rocks.For all boundaries have the
different colours,which is to determine the different type of rock.We can determine the angle
of all boundaries in the graph.
APPENDICES
 REFERENCES
Neville J.Price,John W.Cosgrove.(1990).Analysis of geological
structures:K.R.McClay.(1991).The Mapping of Geological Structures:Francis George
Henry Blyth.(1984).A Geology for Engineers