Practical No.

1 Computer Network

Practical No.1
 Title: To observe Components of Network in your Computer Network
Lab. Draw layout of Lab.

 Theory:

1 What is your Computer Network?

A “Computer Network” is a group of computers that use a set of common communication
protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or
provided by the network nodes.

2 Benefits of Computer Network:

1. It helps to Share the Data easily.
2. We can Communicate with other computers/components which are connected by network.
3. Cost-effective Resource Sharing.
4. Access Flexibility.
5. It provides Security to the system.

3 Components required to design a Computer Network:

1. Nodes:
 Definition:-
A ‘Node” is a connection point inside a network that can receive, send, create, or store data.
Each node requires you to provide some form of identification to receive access, like an IP
address. A few examples of nodes include computers, printers, modems, bridges, and switches.
 Diagram:-

Server Host

Nodes

Server
Host

Fig No.1
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Practical No.1 Computer Network

2. Transmission Media:
 Definition:-
“Transmission media” is a communication channel that carries the information from the sender
to the receiver. Data is transmitted through the electromagnetic signals. It is a physical path
between transmitter and receiver in data communication. In a copper-based network, the bits in
the form of electrical signals.
 Types of Transmission Media:-
1. Wired Media
2. Wireless Media

Wired Transmission Media Wireless Transmission Media

It is also referred to as Guided or Bounded
transmission media.
Signals being transmitted are directed and
confined in a narrow pathway by using
physical links. 
It is also referred to as Unguided or
Unbounded transmission media
No physical medium is required for the
transmission of electromagnetic signals. 

Features:   Features:  
 High Speed  The signal is broadcasted through air
 Secure  Less Secure
 Used for comparatively shorter distances  Used for larger distances

E.g. Optical Fiber Cable, Twisted Pair Cable, E.g. Radio waves, Microwaves,etc.
etc.

 Diagram:-
1. Wired Media:

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Practical No.1 Computer Network

2. Wireless Media:
Fig No.2

3.Connector:
 Definition:-
A “Connector” is an electro-mechanical
device whose job is to connect or disconnect
a circuit path. Connectors are
made of different materials based
on their functions. They come in different
shapes, sizes, quality, and complexities.
i RJ45 is a type of cable connector whichFig is No.3
mainly used in computer networks.
ii RJ45 is mainly used for Ethernet Networking which is used to connect different type of
devices like a switch, hub, PC, router, firewall to each other.
iii RJ45 is the most known and popular connector type in the IT world.

 Diagram:-

Fig No.4

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Practical No.1 Computer Network

4 Networking Devices:
Networking Devices Function

1 Router 1.To create and maintain a local area network

2. Manage the data entering and leaving the

network as well as data moving inside of the
network.

3. It also helps you to handle multiple networks

and routes network traffic between them.
2 Switch 1. A switch is a device in a computer network
that connects other devices together.

2. Multiple data cables are plugged into

a switch to enable communication between
different networked devices.
3 Hub 1. A hub simply passes along the traffic it
receives to the computers connected to it. Any
traffic that goes in one port comes out of the
other ports.

2. Use to connect multiple devices in a

network.
4 Bridge 1. To creates a single, aggregate network from
multiple communication networks or network
segments. This function is called network
bridging. Bridging connects two separate
networks as if they were a single network.

2. A bridge functions by blocking or

forwarding data, based on the destination MAC
address written into each frame of data.
5 Gateway 1. To connect two networks using different
protocols together.

2. Acts “gate” between two networks.

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Practical No.1 Computer Network

5 Layout of Network Lab:

Fig No.5

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Practical No.1 Computer Network

Government Polytechnic
Practical No.1 Computer Network

Government Polytechnic
Practical No.1 Computer Network

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