A REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

TRAINING PROGRAMME

(JANUARY 2020 – AUGUST 2020)

AT

CONSULTANT COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIP (CCP)

PRESENTED BY

OLAYIWOLA FIYINFOLUWA

16/0549

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ADELEKE UNIVERSITY

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEAN

DEAN COE: PROF. DAVID OMOLE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR

BACHELORS DEGREE

OCTOBER 2020

1
 DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to God Almighty who directed my path to locate this glorious
establishment, and also to the wonderful people I met at CCP who made my stay worthwhile.

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To God alone be all the glory, this exercise would not have been complete without the
beautiful people I met at CCP, Engineer Adediran Akerele, a mentor not just in engineering
but spiritually, Engineer Ibrahim, my first supervisor at CCP who gave meaning to my stay,
Engineer Ayo who always had my time, Engineer Francis, freshest engineer at CCP that gives
me work to do, Engineer Uche, Engineer Francis my close pal who I respect so much,
Engineer Olayinka, who always helped anytime I needed him, Engineer Saka, who never
turned down any question I asked and was really friendly, Engineer Adams, a talented person,
always open minded, and this would not be complete without mentioning Engineer Kolade,
who made the mechanical team stand out always with his good sense of responsibility, I can’t
forget Ibironke who had always shown me a clear part at CCP. It was indeed an amazing
experience, God bless you all.

Finally, to my family – my beloved parents, Mr. & Mrs. Olayiwola Lawanson, my brother
Folajimi, my uncle, Owolabi and also Akinlolu Grace Abiola, who had always been there to
strengthen me, Thank you for your Love, financial, moral and spiritual support God continue
to preserve and bless you all.

3
 ABSTRACT
Engineering practice as a profession involves not only theory, but also a practical
aspect unlike many other professions. Its relevance lies in the application of postulated
theories into practical demonstration. Engineers are distinguished from other professions by
their ability to solve complex problems and implement solutions in cost effective and
practical ways.

Being a good engineer entails in depth knowledge of the methods, processes and
materials required to carry out projects effectively. To achieve this, the Students Industrial
Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was designed to expose students to industry-based skills
necessary for a smooth transition from the classroom to the practical world. Training is a key
factor in enhancing the efficiency and expertise of the workforce. It affords students of
tertiary institutions the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the needed
experience in handling machinery and equipment which are usually not available in the
educational institutions.

This report gives an account of my exposure and experience with the professionals
and the work ethics of CCP during the space of 6 months. It is aimed at showing my
participation in the daily work operation at CCP and the various experiences, observations
and challenges encountered over the course of the industrial training.

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme is a program created by the

university in line with the Nigeria University Commission (NUC) funded by the Industrial
Training Fund (ITF) in order to;

(1) Produce graduates with high academic standard coupled with adequate practical
experience that would enable him/her to meet the challenges of a developing economy and
sufficiently tackle common day-to-day engineering problems.

(2) Produce graduates with broad-based knowledge in general studies, management and
humanities, all of which enhance their understanding, contribution and relevance to the
society.

(3) Design projects with bias towards local applications.

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Importance of SIWES to Engineering

The aim of establishing SIWES was to solve the problem of lack of adequate practical skills
needed for employment in future. The following are the objectives of SIWES.

 Preparing the Engineering students in tertiary institutions for the challenges ahead and
ways of tackling them.
 It puts in the spirit of workmanship into a student and exposes the student to work
techniques and skill of handling equipment.
 SIWES brings out the knowledge and skill embedded in every student of Engineering.

5
Contents
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................................2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................................3
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................4
LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................................7
LIST OF PLATES.......................................................................................................................................8
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 1............................................................................................................................................10
1.1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................10
1.2. ABOUTCCP.........................................................................................................................10
1.3. SUBMISSION OF RELEVANT LETTERS........................................................................17
1.4. INTERNSHIP COMMENCEMENT....................................................................................19
CHAPTER 2............................................................................................................................................22
2.1. FACILITIES AVAILABLE................................................................................................22
2.2. QUALITY OF SUPERVISION...............................................................................................23
2.3. WHAT I LEARNT.............................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 3............................................................................................................................................37
3.1.1-3.1.5. CONTRIBUTIONS....................................................................................................37
3.1.6. CULTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION IN RELATION TO GOAL ATTAINMENT......44
3.2. CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED........................................................................................47
CHAPTER 4............................................................................................................................................48
4.1 .CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................48
4.2. RECOMMENDATION.......................................................................................................49
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................50

LIST OF FIGURES

6
Figure 1: Tarino Towers........................................................................................................................18
Figure 2: Southern Sun.........................................................................................................................18
Figure 3: Empire Court (safety first).....................................................................................................20
Figure 4: Seattle court residential (first site I visited)...........................................................................20
Figure 5: Site visit (this was not designed by CCP), 28 floors in total....................................................21
Figure 6: Kingsway Tower.....................................................................................................................21
Figure 7: AutoCAD software (showing the LPG Layout)........................................................................22
Figure 8: excel software (mostly used for calculations)........................................................................23
Figure 10: Plumbing guide, Page 14(used to size pipes).......................................................................34
Figure 11: dismantling the booster pump from the borehole..............................................................35
Figure 12: Testing to see what the problem was..................................................................................35
Figure 13: Pouring water in order to remove vapour from the pump..................................................36
Figure 14: Dismantled pump................................................................................................................36
Figure 15: Air bubble gone, pump ready to work.................................................................................37
Figure 16: picture of a pipe that would go into the manhole (Ikota)....................................................42
Figure 17: manhole excel sheet............................................................................................................43
Figure 18: VRF(variable refrigerant flow). This was taken at Cummins site(still ongoing)....................44
Figure19: CCP PLACE............................................................................................................................46

7
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 1: the quality management system design flow chart.................................................................15
Plate 2: chart of water pipe of variables...............................................................................................34
Plate 3: Legends and Notes..................................................................................................................38
Plate 4: water supply system layout.....................................................................................................39
Plate 5: drainage system layout...........................................................................................................40
Plate 6: HVAC system layout................................................................................................................41

8
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Organizational Chart...............................................................................................................16
Table 2: Pipe Chart...............................................................................................................................24
Table 3: Pipe Description......................................................................................................................26
Table 4..................................................................................................................................................26
Table 5: Pipe Schedule.........................................................................................................................29
Table 6: Water Demand.......................................................................................................................32
Table 7: Water demand per area.........................................................................................................33

9
 CHAPTER 1
1.1. INTRODUCTION
We were all required by my faculty SIWES department to assemble at Hall on the 28 th
of November, 2019. This was in line with the SIWES preparations done annually for students
in order to educate them on the procedures and expectations of the institution and all
stakeholders, for an effective and well guided experience. We were briefed on the objective of
SIWES followed by rules, regulations and good advice. The issuance of SIWES letters of
placement was done days after the briefing, we were instructed to assemble at the SIWES
office which is located at the Senate Building, in order to collect relevant documents
(Logbook), this was done according to departments.

Prior to the meeting I started preparations before the commencement of the semester
for my placement. I contacted one of my Cousins Dad, who works at CCP as the partner of
the mechanical engineering department. When I contacted engineer Akerele on Whatsapp he
was in America for a meeting, he replied and told me to come to his house so we could talk,
after we had a personal discussion he asked me to send my SIWES letter which I did
immediately I received it from the school. I was rest assured that I had gotten a placement
after I had submitted my letter, to the glory of God.

I resumed at CCP (Consultant Collaborative Partnership) 3 weeks into the New Year,
24th of January precisely. After the usual Monday meeting I was directed to the HR’s office to
get officially recognised, we had a brief discussion after which I was then introduced to the
entire MEP department (Mechanical, Electrical, Public health) department. I was given a sit
and a desk almost immediately after the brief introduction. They were really welcoming, the
first person I had a discussion with at CCP was engineer Adams, and he gave me a textbook
almost immediately to get me busy. This was the beginning of my wonderful experience at
CCP.

1.2. ABOUT CCP

With over 25 years of experience in the Nigerian and African environment, CCP
offers professional Architectural Design, Civil/Structural and MEP Engineering, Project
Management and Quantity Surveying Consultancy Services, delivered with the adoption of

10
cutting edge technology and dedicated manpower which guarantees effective project delivery.
We have executed projects of excellent value and professional acclaim in most major cities of
Nigeria – from private residences to shopping malls; from multi-storey residential blocks to
500-unit housing estates – cutting across the Residential, Commercial, Institutional,
Hospitality and Industrial sectors. Our goal in this century is to remain at the fore front of
creativity by providing responsive design solutions coupled with excellent professional
services through the use of state-of-the art technology, skilled manpower, and an
organizational structure that enhances productivity

In 1990, the partners of Consultants Collaborative Partnership registered Kilf

Consultants as an architectural partnership providing architectural building consultancy and
project management services, landscape and interior design solutions for various categories of
clients. Over the years, a Structural Engineering firm – Structural Designs Consultants
Limited (SDCL) and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering firm – Building Consultants
Limited (BCL) were established and the three companies have now merged to become
Consultants Collaborative Partnership (CCP), a completely multi-disciplinary firm that caters
for all the consultancy services required to carry out building projects in our environment.

With a core staff strength of over 50 professionals in architecture, project management

and affiliated engineering disciplines, and the use of the most recent information technology
in the production of contract information, the firm has over the years acquired a thorough
capability to execute medium to large scale projects from feasibility through design and
contract administration to completion and project handover.

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES OFFERED BY THE FIRM

The firm offers Architectural and Project Management Services; Civil/Structural

Engineering Services; Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Services; Quantity Surveying
Services — as a consortium or working separately in close relationship with other
consultants; Project inception and feasibility; entailing brief taking and analysis; coupled with
preparation of financial feasibility studies in the case of commercial projects. Over the years,
the firm through wide ranging experience, has been able to understand the pro’s and con’s of
individual clients’ objectives, requirements and established priorities and criteria, thus has
become better placed in dealing with all range of design challenges.

11
  Preliminary design: This involves the preparation of sketch proposals, highlighting
client’s requirements and criteria, thereby generating critical information required for
the engagement of relevant contractors.
 Production information: - Complete production of working drawings and documents
necessary for construction, planning approval and tender action.
 Project Supervision: Consultants Collaborative Partnership’s involvement at this level
of project development entails management and supervision with a view to ensuring
compliance with contract terms and attainment of a high level of workmanship. In
most contracts, our project management objective is to ensure the delivery of high
quality buildings at a reasonable cost within a good time frame.

Our services can be broken down as follows:

1. ARCHITECTURE
 Brief Formulation
 Feasibility Studies
 Concept Design
 Preliminary Drawing
 Production Information
 Contract Administration and Supervision
 Project Handover and Closeout
 Post Occupancy Evaluation

2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Project Feasibility & Inception
 Project Guidance & Pre-Contract
 Value Engineering & Analysis
 Cost Control & Content Analysis + Recommendations
 Quality Control and Monitoring & Control of Construction Processes
 Content Framework
 HSE Awareness

3. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 Electrical Power Supply/Reticulation System

12
  Power Quality Testing and Monitoring
 Systems Commissioning
 General and Emergency Lighting Design
 Electrical Protection Systems (Earthing & Bonding/Lightning Protection)

4. ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

Design and supervision of extra low-voltage systems such as:

 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems

 Burglar Alarms
 CCTV
 Access Control
 Voice & Data Systems
 CATV/TV Systems
 Home Entertainment Systems
 Building Automation

5. MECHANICAL & PLUMBING ENGINEERING

Design and supervision of:

 Plumbing (Water Supply System, Public Health, Rainwater Drainage and

Suppression)
 Borehole and Water Treatment Systems
 Sewage Treatment Systems
 Swimming Pools, Fountains & Water Display Features
 HVAC design
 Fire Protection & Suppression Systems
 Escalator, Elevator & Travellator - Design + Specification

6. CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

 Concept Design
 Detailed Engineering Design(Concrete and Steel structures)
 Construction supervision

13
  Evaluation of structural integrity of defective buildings
 Road, Highway and Drainage Designs
 Environmental Impact Assessment/Analysis
 Transportation Planning

VISION

Our vision at CCP is to be an internationally acclaimed multi-disciplinary consulting firm,

synonymous with delivering excellent professional services.

MISSION

CCP is committed to providing creative and responsive solutions for the built industry to the
delight of stakeholders.

(CETRIC)

Creativity and Innovation

Excellence

Team Work

Reliability

Integrity

Courage

14
CCP QUALITY POLICY

Consultants Collaborative Partnership (CCP) consistently delivers professional consultancy

services in the built environments that delight our customers. This is achieved through
effective implementation and continual improvement of a quality management system that
fully complies with the requirements of ISO 9001 standards, active customer engagement,
deploying highly competent and dedicated workforce and the use of technology while
complying with all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. The quality Policy is the
framework for establishing and reviewing its quality objectives.

Plate 1: the quality management system design flow chart

Organization structure

In Consultants Collaborative Partnership (CCP), there are lines of responsibility between

departments. CCP is run by partners, which control and direct the affairs of each department
in accordance with the organization’s goals.

The organization chart is as shown below

15
 Table 1: Organizational Chart

MODE OF OPERATION

Consultants Collaborative Partnership (CCP) works as a direct contractor for the client or
consultant hired by the client or a contractor.

The customer’s needs are identified in the client brief. The partner in charge initiates the
project kick-off and conveys the necessary client brief to their respective head of departments.

The input to design is determined by the head of the departments affected. The head of
department then assigns the design to a Project engineer who coordinates the entire design,
and appoints several assistant project engineers to help the project engineer in the design
process.

After the design is done, it is then reviewed by the fellow project engineer and assistant
project engineers assigned to the project. The reviewed designed is agreed on and then passed
out for verification by the head of department. The head of department verifies it with the
design input. If the design output is different from the design input, the design output goes
through the entire design process from the input, but if the design output is same as the design

16
input determined by the head of department, then the design is passed for validation by
Partner in charge.

The partner in charge validates it with customer’s need as stated in the project kick-off
meeting. If the design output has discrepancies with client’s brief, the design output goes
through the design process it meets the customer’s need.

Finally, when the design is approved by the partner in charge, the design is passed to the
client or contractor, or sub-contractors required to carry out what has been designed.

1.3. SUBMISSION OF RELEVANT LETTERS

Two weeks after my stay at CCP I was given my acceptance letter; I then submitted
the letter the following week. I submitted this letter the following week because I didn’t know
where the ITF was so I asked around and was directed by a close friend and Level mate,
Layo, to the office. The office is located at 14-18 Elsie Femi Pearse Street, Victoria Island, I
got to the office I signed dropped my letter and left immediately to where I was working.
There were two close to the place I worked, I submitted at the closest one to my placement.

17
PROJECTS DONE BY CCP

Figure 1: Tarino Towers

Figure 2: Southern Sun

18
1.4. INTERNSHIP COMMENCEMENT
I was not part of the Monday meeting which held when I first resumed, the meeting
holds on Monday from 9am-12pm. The meeting discusses the projects at hand and relevant
project that needs attention. After the meeting I met with the HR who then introduced me to
the MEP department. I visited a site with the partner of mechanical engineering department;
Seattle court residential, it is located in Victoria Island. I engaged myself with staffs at CCP
by asking relevant questions based on what they do, I got busy with Auto cad also, refreshing
my memory on it. On Thursday specifically, I met with engineer Adam a graduate trainee at
CCP(this was during my first week), he introduced me to a lot of other things they do at CCP,
he told me what building services was about and the work flow used in the company. I also
met with a youth corper who helped me get familiar with how things were done at CCP. I was
also given a project to do by engineer Oghenekome of the electrical department. This all
happened in the first week of my stay at CCP. The following week followed engineer Akerele
to Kresta laurel to award a project at a new site, the meeting didn’t take too long after which
we went to the office then I began using the system I was given to do a refreshers course on
Auto-cad. This really helped when I was given work to do on it, I didn’t have to start from
scratch since I had been taught in school in 200level by Dr. Engr. Adeleke. I was introduced
to my industry-based supervisor Engineer Ibrahim during the second week, he took me
through the various types of engineering field and the various software they make use of. In
building services, the software used are mostly determined by the architect, they include
REVIT AutoCAD, AUTOCAD MEP, HAPP and many more. I visited a lot of site while at
CCP thanks to engineer Akerele and Engineer Ibrahim, here are some of the sites I visited
while at CCP.

19
 Figure 3: Empire Court (safety first)

Figure 4: Seattle court residential (first site I visited)

20
Figure 5: Site visit (this was not designed by CCP), 28 floors in total.

Figure 6: Kingsway Tower

21
 CHAPTER 2
2.1. FACILITIES AVAILABLE
CCP is a service-oriented company, the facilities available are those used to render
services such as, computer, printers of different size and capacity, server, stamps, catalogues
and so on. The computer systems have so many software’s used to deliver projects such as
REVIT, AUTOCAD and so on. The systems are all connected together so you can do your
work on any computer as long as it is connected to the server.

Figure 7: AutoCAD software (showing the LPG Layout)

22
Figure 8: excel software (mostly used for calculations)

2.2. QUALITY OF SUPERVISION

My industry-based supervisor was engineer Ibrahim. My first lesson from my supervisor was
on the various types of engineering fields and software used in various field, over my stay at
CCP he took me through various topics such as

 Plumbing (Water Supply System, Public Health, Rainwater Drainage and

Suppression)
 Borehole and Water Treatment Systems
 Sewage Treatment Systems
 Swimming Pools, Fountains & Water Display Features
 HVAC design
 Fire Protection & Suppression Systems
 Escalator, Elevator & Travellator - Design + Specification

I was also referred to various textbooks related to building services such as:

 The plumbing guide

23
  CIBSE
 Various catalogues of appliances
 Plumbing Lecture note

Engineer Ibrahim wasn’t my only industry based supervisor, everyone was in charge of me at
CCP and I learnt various topics from everyone.

Table 2: Pipe Chart

24
2.3. WHAT I LEARNT.

THE BASICS OF PIPING SYSTEM

A piping system is an assembly of pipe, fittings, valves, and specialty components. All piping
systems are engineered to transport a fluid or gas safely and reliably from one piece of
equipment to another.

Piping is divided into two main categories:

• Small bore lines

• Large bore lines

As a general practice, those pipe lines with nominal diameters 2” (50mm) and under are
classified as small bore and greater than 2” (50mm) NB as large bore.

This course is designed to introduce you to the basic concepts of piping engineering, which is
all about designing, fabricating and constructing lines for conveying fluids.

Abbreviations

NPS Nominal Pipe Size

DN Diameter Nominal
ID Inside Diameter
OD Outside Diameter
SCH Schedule (Wall
Thickness)
STD Standard Weight Wall
Thickness
XS Extra Strong Wall
Thickness
XXS Double Extra Strong
Wall Thickness
Table 3: Pipe Description

25
• Outside diameter (OD) and inside diameter (ID), as their names imply, refer to pipe by their
actual outside and inside measurements. Outside diameter (OD) remains same for a given size
irrespective of pipe thickness.

• Schedule refers to the pipe wall thickness. As the schedule number increases, the wall
thickness increases, and the inside diameter (ID) is reduced.

• Nominal Bore (NB) along with schedule (wall thickness) is used in British standards
classification.

Important note:

In process piping, the method of sizing pipe maintains a uniform outside diameter while
varying the inside diameter. This method achieves the desired strength necessary for pipe to
perform its intended function while operating under various temperatures and pressures. It is
also important to maintain certain interchangeability of pipe fittings.

The European designation

The European designation equivalent to NPS is DN (Diameter Nominal/nominal diameter).

The pipe sizes are measured in millimeters

NPS ½ ¾ 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 31/2 4

DN 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100
Table 4

Note –For NPS of 4 and larger, the DN is equal to the NPS multiplied by 25 (not 25.4).

PIPE SCHEDULES (SCH)

The Schedule of pipe refers to the wall thickness of pipe in the American system.

Eleven schedule numbers are available for Carbon Steel Pipes:

5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, & 160

26
The most popular schedule, by far, is 40.

Schedules 5, 60, 100, 120, & 140 have rarely been used.

Thickness of the pipe increases with the schedule number.

This means that:

• Schedule 80 steel pipes will be heavier and stronger than schedule 40 pipe.

• Schedule 80 pipe will provide greater factor of safety allowing it to handle much higher
design pressures.

• Schedule 80 pipe will use more material and therefore costlier to make and install.

Stainless steel piping schedules generally match with Carbon Steel piping schedules, but are
always identified with Suffix S from 1/8” to 12”. Schedule 40S and 80S are the same as their
corresponding schedule 40 and 80 in all sizes except 12” in schedule 40.

How to calculate Schedule?

A simple rule of thumb expression is:

Schedule Number = (1,000) (P/S)

Where,

• P = the internal working pressure, psig

• S = the allowable stress (psi) for the material of construction at the conditions of use.

Example

Calculate allowable internal pressure P for Schedule 40 mild steel pipe having ultimate tensile
strength (S value) of 65,300 psi.

Rearrange the schedule equation:

P = SCH x S/1,000

Therefore, P = 40 x 65,300/1,000 = 2,612 psi.

27
This is reasonable, based on a current-day published value of 2,849-psi for 1-inch Schedule
40 steel pipe.

INTERNAL DIAMETER (ID) OF PIPE

For process engineers, the most important parameter for hydraulic sizing is the pipe Internal
Diameter (ID).

The ID can then easily be calculated as:

ID = OD – 2t

Example

A 4 inches Schedule 40 pipe has an outside diameter of 4.500 inches, a wall thickness of
0.237 inches. Therefore, Pipe ID = 4.5 inches – 2 x 0.237 inches = 4.026 inches

A 4 inches Schedule 80 pipe has an outside diameter of 4.500 inches, a wall thickness of
0.337 inches.

Therefore, Pipe ID = 4.5 inches – 2 x 0.337 inches = 3.826 inches

PIPING DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS

Pipe sizes are documented by a number of standards, including API 5L, ANSI/ASME
B36.10M in the US, and BS 1600 and BS 1387 in the United Kingdom.

Typically, the pipe wall thickness is the controlled variable, and the Inside Diameter (I.D.) is
allowed to vary. The pipe wall thickness has a variance of approximately 12.5 percent.

ANSI/ASME Pipe Schedule Outside Inside Diameter Wall Thickness

B36.10 Nominal Diameter
Pipe Size (NPS)

28
 0.75″ 40 1.05″ 0.824″ 0.113″
0.75″ 80 1.05″ 0.742″ 0.154″
0.75″ 160 1.05″ 0.612″ 0.219″
1″ 40 1.315″ 1.049″ 0.133″
1″ 80 1.315″ 0.957″ 0.179″
1″ 160 1.315″ 0.815″ 0.25″
1.25” 40 1.66″ 1.38″ 0.14″
1.25″ 80 1.66″ 1.278″ 0.191″
1.25″ 160 1.66″ 1.16″ 0.25″
1.5″ 40 1.9″ 1.61″ 0.145″
1.5″ 80 1.9″ 1.5″ 0.2″
1.5″ 160 1.9″ 1.338″ 0.281″
2″ 40 2.37″5 2.067″ 0.154″
2″ 80 2.37″5 1.939″ 0.218″
2″ 160 2.37″5 1.687″ 0.344″
2.5″ 40 2.87″5 2.469″ 0.203″
2.5″ 80 2.87″5 2.323″ 0.276″
2.5″ 160 2.87″5 2.125″ 0.375″
Standard Carbon Steel Welded and Seamless Pipe Sizes

Table 5: Pipe Schedule

DIMENSIONALTOLERANCES

The dimensional tolerances for pipes are provided by ASTM A530 standard that permits
following variations in pipe size, pipe lengths and the weight.

Nominal pipe size

− Up to 4” = ± 0.79 mm

− 5 thru 8” = + 1.58 mm / - 0.79 mm

− 10 thru 18” = + 2.37 mm / - 0.79 mm

− 20 thru 24” = + 3.18 mm / - 0.79 mm

Wall Thickness

Most piping standards allow pipe manufacturers a fabrication mill tolerance of 12.5% on the
wall thickness.

− All Diameters = - 12.5% (+ tolerance not specified)

29
Length = + 6.40 mm / - 0 mm

− Weight = + 10% / - 1.5%

DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS

The manufacture and installation of pressure piping is tightly regulated by the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME “B31” code series such as B31.1 or B31.3. These
codes have their basis in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes and are mandatorily
applied in Canada and the USA. Europe has an equivalent system of codes.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODES AND STANDARDS

Design Codes

The “Codes” define the rules and regulations deemed necessary for safe design and
construction. For example, the piping codes address the following design requirements:

1. Allowable stresses and stress limits

2. Allowable dead loads and load limits
3. Allowable live loads and load limits
4. Materials
5. Minimum wall thickness
6. Maximum deflection
7. Seismic loads and
8. Thermal expansion

Note that the piping codes DO NOT include components such as fittings, valves, flanges and
meters; rather, they define the design requirements for these components by reference to
industry standards.

Design Standards

The “Standards” provide specific design criteria and rules for individual components or
classes of components such as valves, flanges and fittings. Standards apply to both
dimensions and performance of system components.

 Dimensional standards provide configuration control parameters for components.

The primary objective of dimensional standards is

30
To ensure that similar components manufactured by different suppliers permit
interchangeability.

 Pressure-integrity standards provide uniform minimum-performance criteria. The

main objective is to ensure that the components designed and manufactured to the
same standard will function in an equivalent manner. For example, all NPS 10 (DN
250) Class 150 ASTM A105 flanges, which are constructed in accordance with
ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, have a pressure-temperature rating
of 230 psig (1590 kPa gauge) at 300°F (149°C).

WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE

In order to efficiently design a water service. The following procedures are to be taken:
I. Draw the water pipes (CWS & HWS) layout
ii. Water pipe sizing

Step1: Obtain the total loading unit of all sanitary appliances in the building or floor
Step2: Using an adequate velocity (for example between 1.0-1.5m/s), obtain the corresponding
pipe diameter to the loading unit utilizing a pipe sizing chart of plumbing guide.

iii. Calculate the Water Requirement in a Building

The quantity of water required in a building depends on the portable water demand and
demand for other services such as fire fighting system. The table below (gotten Plumbing Guide,
Part2) gives some of the water requirement for different building types.

31
 Table 6: Water Demand

WATER DEMAND

Step1: Population size estimation

I. Multiply space area (m2) by the space requirement per person (m2 per person) depending on
building usage.

Population per space = Space area (m2) X space requirement per person (m2 per person)
ii. Total population in building = Σ𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

In cases where the seating arrangement has been given, estimate population based on the
number of seats. The table below gives the space requirement per person for different types of
building.

Table 7: Water demand per area

Step2: Multiply the total population in the building by the water required per person to
Obtain the volume of water required per day in a building.
Step3: Multiply the water required per day by three (3) to make provision for three or two days
where there are storage space constraints. Allow for additional 10% to cover for miscellaneous.
Based on the result of this procedure the tank is configured and laid out in the drawing.
The tank can be
• Concrete (as in most underground tanks)
• Steel Tanks (this comes in different forms, fabricated sheets, panels etc.)

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• Plastic tanks (e.g. Gee-pee)
• Reinforced tanks (plastics with glass is common)

Plate 2: chart of water pipe of variables

Figure 9: Plumbing guide, Page 14(used to size pipes)

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PRIMING

These are the pictures of a site I went to alongside with Engineer Akerele and Engineer
Olayinka. Priming of a centrifugal pump is defined as the operation in which the suction pipe,
casing of the pump and a portion of delivery pipe up to the delivery valve is completely filled
with outside source with liquid to be raised by the pump stating the pump. Thus the air from
these parts of the pump is removed and these parts are filled with liquid to be pumped.

Basically, priming is the process of removing air from the pump in order to allow water to
flow.

The pumps made use of here are booster or pressure pumps.

Figure 10: dismantling the booster pump from the borehole

Figure 11: Testing to see what the problem was

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Figure 12: Pouring water in order to remove vapour from the pump

Figure 13: Dismantled pump

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.

Figure 14: Air bubble gone, pump ready to work.

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 CHAPTER 3
3.1.1-3.1.5. CONTRIBUTIONS
The project I really worked on was Ikota. Engineer Ayo was in charge of Ikota and I joined
him on the project, the project is still on ongoing, here are some pictures of the drawings and
site itself on Ikota:

Plate 3: Legends and Notes

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Plate 4: water supply system layout

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Plate 5: drainage system layout

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 Plate 6: HVAC system layout

This was one of my contributions at CCP specifically the Drainage system. I worked on the
invert levels, manholes and everything that had to do with drainage. In respect to my field of
study what I learnt at CCP is enlightening my understanding on what I learnt in some of the
courses that had been thought in school, particularly during my 300L. The goal of the
company is to ensure the clients are satisfied in all aspects in respect to the core value of CCP,
CETRIC. In regards to the larger society CCP is doing its best to make the projects are more
environmentally friendly in regards to the SDG goals in order to curb the effect of global
warming which is a worldwide phenomenon. CCP is also working on an academy in order to
train young students on how work is being done in building services in order for them to
adjust well with the engineering world.

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Figure 15: picture of a pipe that would go into the manhole (Ikota)

This is a picture of a pipe coming out of the building, typically for drainage either soil waste
pipe or rain water pipe, probable soil waste pipe since it has a small diameter, rain water pipes
are typically 100mm in diameter. This pipe comes and goes into the manhole. The manhole is
a hole usually with a cover in which waste water passes through before it gets to soak away
pit. Series of manholes are needed in a building and are spaced depending on the engineer.
This brings us to invert levels. Invert levels are the depth the pipe enters into the manhole
basically. At CCP excel sheets are already created to help calculate the manhole.

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 Figure 16: manhole excel sheet

How to calculate the depth of a manhole:

 Invert level (starting point, high level) = the cover length + standard allowance
(mostly 50) + size of pipe.
 The gradient or slope is gotten from the plumbing guide page 125
 Fall= length of pipe (measured using AutoCAD) X gradient

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Figure 17: VRF (variable refrigerant flow). This was taken at Cummins site (still ongoing)

Other contributions made at CCP:

 I assisted Engineers in getting out their finished products from the printer. Due to fact
that the printer is down stairs.
 I cleaned some drawings on Auto Cad when I was asked to do so.
 I calculated the water demand on one of the projects engineer Olayinka worked on.
 I calculated the area of a space using a tool on AutoCAD.
 I did a lot of design on water supply and drainage.
 I did a lot of water tank detail, sewage treatment plant details, and diesel tanks details.

3.1.6. CULTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION IN RELATION TO GOAL ATTAINMENT

CCP’s goal in this century is to remain at the fore front of creativity by providing
responsive design solutions coupled with excellent professional services through the use of
state-of-the art technology, skilled manpower, and an organizational structure that enhances
productivity. In 1990, the partners of Consultants Collaborative Partnership registered Kilf

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Consultants as an architectural partnership providing architectural building consultancy and
project management services, landscape and interior design solutions for various categories of
clients. Over the years, a Structural Engineering firm – Structural Designs Consultants
Limited (SDCL) and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering firm – Building Consultants
Limited (BCL) were established and the three companies have now merged to become
Consultants Collaborative Partnership (CCP), a completely multi-disciplinary firm that caters
for all the consultancy services required to carry out building projects in our environment.
The uniqueness of CCP is the collaborativeness, bridging the gaps between the Architects and
the engineers in order to deliver projects fast and the best of them. The main culture I noticed
in CCP was hard work, CCP has a discipline and hardworking culture if you are lazy you
cannot work at CCP talk less of engineer Akerele because you have to deliver on time, the
core value of CCP CETRIC guards each and every project done, the values are talked about
during the Monday meeting in order for everyone to imbibe it in their work. Also, CCP
always follow standard, in deliverables in audit name it. The culture at ccp does help deliver
their goal before time.

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Figure18: CCP PLACE

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3.2. CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

Challenges I encountered:

CCP was an incredible experience for me even though I encountered some challenges it was
nothing compared to what I learned. Here are some challenges I faced.

 Expensive food: due to where the office is situated the food was expensive, it took me
weeks before I could get an affordable spot for my feeding. This affected my delivery
and effective at the work place.
 Traffic: due to the location of the office, it would be a miracle for you not to get into
traffic or as engineer Akerele would say ‘the traffic demons are on break’. The traffic
going to the office is a bit mild but traffic coming back is always terrible and this gets
me exhausted all the time. To worsen this Third Mainland Bridge got closed for Six
(6) Months which requires staying in the Traffic for several Hours.
 Serious catching up: if I compare what I learnt at CCP to what I learnt in school it
would be a big mistake because CCP thought me a lot, I had to adjust quickly because
everybody was busy, the hands-on desk was little to so I had to help out in any way I
could.

Challenges CCP faced during my stay:

 ‘Collaborativeness’: the aim for the existence of this company is to collaborate

effectively to deliver maximum result, but even with this, problems were still faced,
the collaborativeness of CCP is not fully in sync but I see a bright future for them and
nothing less.
 Available manpower: CCP demands hard work from you at all times even with that
you can’t split yourself, series of meeting, training, site meeting, site inspection,
drawings, drawing reviews, meeting of deadline, all these are delegated to the staffs.
CCP needs more hands-on desk for greater effectiveness.
 Transportation: CCP has a bus that brings staffs to the office and takes them back, but
often times the bus encountered series of challenges that took weeks to fix leaving the
staffs stranded. Also the Fact that Third Mainland was closed literally was a disaster.

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 CHAPTER 4
4.1 .CONCLUSION
This experience was definitely an eye opener for me; I had work in some organizations but
didn’t know how the job market was especially for my discipline. I do have some plans of
continuing with building services because the impact was something I couldn’t resist; it is
indeed a good career part and a lot of job opportunities both now and for the future. I
observed something in particular amongst the buildings in Nigeria and that is, they are all box
shaped, no complex as such as seen in Dubai, Singapore and many other developed countries,
so my point here is that Nigeria has a long way to go and building services itself has a long
way to go. For anyone that wants to go into building services CCP is a good start and with the
CCP academy coming up soon by God’s grace it will be easy for the new engineers to adjust
fast to the demand of the job. The SIWES program was a highly profiting one and as the
name implies gave students work experience in the industry, giving us an idea of what we
should expect after leaving school, creating the bridge between the theoretical learning we’ve
been doing and their various applications at different level in the engineering sector and in the
industry. Certain challenges which have been mentioned above were what we encountered
during the period with regards to both company challenges and personal challenges maybe
both in learning and in survival through-out the period.

I show my sincere appreciation to the university and crafters of the engineering curriculum for
such an opportunity. We promise to serve our nation with such experiences gained as well as
further learning towards advancing industrial technology in our country.

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4.2. RECOMMENDATION
I would advise upcoming SIWES students to do their research before embarking on the
SIWES program. I had never heard of building services till I got to CCP and it was a big
surprise. I am not a fan of buildings, talk less of architectural drawing, if had done my
research I would have gone somewhere else but nonetheless my experience at CCP was a
wonderful one that no one can ever take.

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 REFERENCES
 CCP handbook
 Plumbing lecture notes
 CIBSE Guide Public Health
 Process Piping Fundamentals, Codes and Standards- Module 1

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