Solved Problems: Solution

Chapter 6
Solved Problems
1. Evaluate the following expressions without using MATLAB. Check the

answers with MATLAB.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Solution
>> % Part (a)

>> 6*4>32-3
ans =
0
>> % Part (b)
>> y=4*3-7<15/3>-1
y =
1
>> % Part (c)
>> y=2*(3<8/4+2)^2<(-2)
y =
0
>> % Part (d)
>> (5+~0)/3==3-~(10/5-2)
ans =
1
>>
1
2 Chapter 6: Solved Problems
2. Given: , , . Evaluate the following expressions without

using MATLAB. Check the answers with MATLAB.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Solution
>> d=6
d =
6
>> e=4
e =
4
>> f=-2
f =
-2
>> % Part (a)
>> y=d+f>=e>d-e
y =
0
>> % Part (b)
>> y=e>d>f
y =
1
>> % Part (c)
>> y=e-d<=d-e==f/f
y =
1
>> % Part (d)
>> y=(d/e*f<f)>-1*(e-d)/f
y =
1
>>
Chapter 6: Solved Problems 3
3. Given: v = [–2 4 1 0 2 1 2 ] and w = [2 5 0 1 2 –1 3 ]. Evaluate the follow-

ing expressions without using MATLAB. Check the answers with MAT-
LAB.
(a) ~v ==~w (b) w > = v
(c) v > ~ –1*w (d) v > –1*w
Solution
>> v=[-2 4 1 0 2 1 2]
v =
-2 4 1 0 2 1 2
>> w=[2 5 0 1 2 -1 3]
w =
2 5 0 1 2 -1 3
>> % Part (a)
>> ~v==~w
ans =
1 1 0 0 1 1 1
>> % Part (b)
>> w>=v
ans =
1 1 0 1 1 0 1
>> % Part (c)
>> v>~1*w
ans =
0 1 1 0 1 1 1
>> % Part (d)
>> v>-1*w
ans =
0 1 1 1 1 0 1
>>
4. Use the vectors v and w from Problem 3. Use relational operators to create a
vector u that is made up of the elements of v that are smaller than or equal
to the elements of w.
Solution
Command Window:
>> v=[-2 4 1 0 2 1 2];

>> w=[2 5 0 1 2 -1 3];
>> u=v(v<=w)
u =
-2 4 0 2 2
5. Evaluate the following expressions without using MATLAB. Check the

answers with MATLAB.
(a) 0|7&9&–3 (b) 7>6&~0<=2
(c) ~4<5|0>=12/6 (d) – 7<–5<–2&2+3<=15/3
Solution
>> % Part (a)

>> 0|7&9&-3
ans =
1
>> % Part (b)
>> 7>6&~0<=2
ans =
1
>> % Part (c)
>> ~4<5|0>=12/6
ans =
1
>> % Part (d)
>> -7<-5<-2&2+3<=15/3
ans =
0
>>
6. Use loops to create a matrix in which the value of each element is two
times its row number minus three times its column number. For example, the
value of element (2,5) is .
Solution
Script File
for i=1:4
for j=1:6
A(i,j)=2*i-3*j;
end
end
A
Command Window:
A =
-1 -4 -7 -10 -13 -16
1 -2 -5 -8 -11 -14
3 0 -3 -6 -9 -12
5 2 -1 -4 -7 -10
7. Write a program that generates a vector with 30 random integers between

–20 and 20 and then finds the sum of the all the elements that are divisible
by 3.
Solution
Script File:
v=randi([-20 20],1,30)
n=length(v);
S=0;
for i=1:n
if rem(v(i),3)==0
S=S+v(i);
end
end
S
Command Window:
v =
Columns 1 through 12
10 -10 0 8 16 19 2 -15 -14 -
10 14 -10
13 -11 18 -6 -12 -10 5 -1 -6
14 3 2
17 -9 11 10 -5 3
S =
-24
8. Write a program that asks the user to input a vector of integers of arbitrary
length. Then, using a for loop the program examine each element of the vec-
tor. If the element is positive its value is doubled. If the element is negative
its value is tripled. The program displays the vector that was entered and the
modified vector. Execute the program and when the program ask the user to
input a vector type randi([-10 20],1,19). This creates a 19-element
vector with random integers between –10 and 20.
Solution
Script File:
v=randi([-10 20],1, 19)
n=length(v);
for i=1:n
if v(i) > 0
v(i)=2*v(i);
end
if v(i) < 0
v(i)= 3*v(i);
end
end
vNew=v
Command Window:
v =
-8 -9 6 14 18 -6 7 4 -10
0 -5 14 -1 6 -5
8 -2 10 11
vNew =
-24 -27 12 28 36 -18 14 8 -30
0 -15 28 -3 12 -15
16 -6 20 22
9. Write a program that asks the user to input a vector of integers of arbitrary
length. Then, using a for loop the program eliminates all the negative ele-
ments. The program displays the vector that was entered and the modified
vector, and a message that says how many elements were eliminated. Exe-
cute the program and when the program ask the user to input a vector type
randi([-15 20],1,25). This creates a 25-element vector with random
integers between –15 and 20.
Solution
Script File:
v=randi([-15 20],1, 25)

n=length(v);
j=0;
for i=1:n
if v(i) >= 0
j=j+1;
vNew(j)=v(i);
end
end
elim=n-j;
vNew
fprintf('%.0f elements were eliminated.\n',elim)
Command Window:
v =
17 6 7 15 13 5 -9 -7 16 -
14 2 -9 20
10 3 1 -13 9 -14 -13 3 -12
14 14 11
vNew =
17 6 7 15 13 5 16 2 20
10 3 1 9
3 14 14 11
8 elements were eliminated.
10. The daily high temperature (°F) in New York City and Denver, Colorado
during the month of January 2014 is given in the vectors below (data from
the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).
NYC = [33 33 18 29 40 55 19 22 32 37 58 54 51 52 45 41 45 39 36
45 33 18 19 19 28 34 44 21 23 30 39]
DEN = [39 48 61 39 14 37 43 38 46 39 55 46 46 39 54 45 52 52 62
45 62 40 25 57 60 57 20 32 50 48 28]
where the elements in the vectors are in the order of the days in the month.
Write a program in a script file that determines and displays the following
information:
(a) The average temperature for the month in each city (rounded to the
nearest degree).
(b) The number of days that the temperature was above the average in each
city.
(c) The number of days that the temperature in Denver was higher than the
temperature in New York.
Solution
Script File:
clear, clc
NYC = [33 33 18 29 40 55 19 22 32 37 58 54 51
52 45 41 45 ...
39 36 45 33 18 19 19 28 34 44 21 23 30
39];
DEN = [39 48 61 39 14 37 43 38 46 39 55 46 46
39 54 45 52 ...
52 62 45 62 40 25 57 60 57 20 32 50 48
28];
%Part (a)
NYCav=round(mean(NYC));
DENav=round(mean(DEN));
fprintf('The averager temperature in New York City is: %
g F.\n',NYCav)
fprintf('The averager temperature in Denver is: % g
F.\n',DENav)
%Part (b)
nNYC=sum(NYC>NYCav);
nDEN=sum(DEN>DENav);
fprintf('During % g days the temperature in New York
City was above the average.\n',nNYC)
fprintf('During % g days the temperature in Denver was
above the average.\n',nDEN)
%Part (c)
DENhNYC=sum(DEN>NYC);
fprintf('During % g days the temperature in Denver was
higher than in New York City.\n',DENhNYC)
Command Window:
The averager temperature in New York City is: 35 F.

The averager temperature in Denver is: 44 F.
During 15 days the temperature in New York City was
above the average.
During 18 days the temperature in Denver was above the
average.
During 22 days the temperature in Denver was higher than
in New York City.
11. The Pascal’s triangle can be displayed as elements in a

1 0 0 0 0 0
lower-triangular matrix as shown on the right. Write a
1 1 0 0 0 0
MATLAB program that creates a matrix that dis-
plays n rows of Pascal’s triangle. Use the program to create 1 2 1 0 0 0
4 and 7 rows Pascal’s triangles. (One way to calculate the 1 3 3 1 0 0
value of the elements in the lower portion of the matrix is 1 4 6 4 1 0
1 5 10 10 5 1
.)
Solution
Script File:
n=6;
pt=zeros(n);
for i=1:n
for j=1:i
pt(i,j)=factorial(i-1)/(factorial(j-
1)*factorial(i-j));
end
end
pt
Command Window:
pt =
1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 3 1 0 0
1 4 6 4 1 0
1 5 10 10 5 1
12. Tribonacci numbers are the numbers in a sequence in which the first three
elements are 0, 1, and 1, and the value of each subsequent element is the sum
of the previous three elements:
0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 7, 13, 24, ...
Write a MATLAB program in a script file that determines and displays the
first 25 Fribonacci numbers.
Solution
Script File:
F(1)=0;
F(2)=1;
F(3)=1;
for i=4:25
F(i)=sum(F([i-3:i-1]));
end
F
Command Window:
F =
Columns 1 through 6
0 1 1 2 4
7
13 24 44 81 149
274
504 927 1705 3136 5768
10609
19513 35890 66012 121415
223317 410744
Column 25
755476
13. The reciprocal Fibonacci constant ψ is defined by the infinite sum:

∞
ψ =

n=1
where F n are the Fibonacci numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... . Each element in
this sequence of numbers is the sum of the previous two. Start by setting the
first two elements equal to 1, then . Write a MATLAB pro-
gram in a script file that calculates ψ for a given n. Execute the program for
n = 10, 50, and 100.
Solution
Script File:
n=50;
F(1)=1;
F(2)=1;
for i=3:n
F(i)=F(i-2)+F(i-1);
end
xi=sum(1./F)
Command Window:
xi =
3.359885666243178
14. The value of π can be estimated from:

∞

n=0
Write a program (using a loop) that determines π for a given n. Run the pro-
gram with n = 10, n = 100, and n = 1000. Compare the result with pi. (Use
format long.)
Solution
Script File:
format long
n=input('Enter a value for n ');
S=0;
for i=0:n
S=S+(-1)^i/(2*i+1)^3;
end
ESpi=(32*S)^(1/3)
Command Window:
Enter a value for n 10

ESpi =
3.141642788603785
>> ed6_HW6_14
ESpi =
3.141592719141050
>> ed6_HW6_14
ESpi =
3.141592653657139
15. The value of π can be estimated from the expression:
Write a MATLAB program in a script file that determine π for any number
of terms. The program asks the user to enter the number of terms, and then
calculates the corresponding value of π . Execute the program with 5, 10,
and 40 terms. Compare the result with pi. (Use format long.)
Solution
Script File:
format long
n=5;
S2=0;
S=1;
for i=1:n
S2=sqrt(2+S2);
S=S*S2/2;
end
piEst=2/S
Command Window:
piEst =
3.140331156954753
With n=10:
piEst =
3.141591421511200
With n=40:
piEst =
3.141592653589794
16. Write a program that (a) generates a vector with 20 random integer elements
with integers between 10 and 30, (b) replaces all the elements that are not
even integers with random integers between 10 and 30, (c) repeats (b) until
all the elements are even integers. The program should also count how many
times (b) is repeated before all the elements are even integers. When done,
the program displays the vector and a statement that states how many itera-
tions were needed for generating the vector.
Solution
Script File:
vInitial=randi([10 30],1, 20)
for i=1:30
c=0;
for j=1:20
if rem(vInitial(j),2) ~=0
vInitial(j)=randi([10 30]);
c=1;
end
end
if c ==0
break
end
end
vFinal=vInitial
fprintf('%.0f iterations were done.\n',i-1)
Command Window:
vInitial =
27 12 22 17 26 20 20 28 17
19 30 10 30 13 24 22 24 17 23
27
vFinal =
10 12 22 28 26 20 20 28 30
16 30 10 30 14 24 22 24 18 12
12
4 iterations were done.
17. A vector is given by x = [9 –1.5 13.4 13.3 –2.1 4.6 1.1 5 –6.1 10 0.2].
Using conditional statements and loops, write a program that rearranges
the elements of x in order from the smallest to the largest. Do not use MAT-
LAB’s built-in function sort.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
x=[9 -1.5 13.4 13.3 -2.1 4.6 1.1 5 -6.1 10 0.2]
n=length(x);
for i=1:n-1
for j=i+1:n
if x(j)<x(i)
t=x(i);
x(i)=x(j);
x(j)=t;
end
end
end
x
Command Window:
x =
9.0000 -1.5000 13.4000 13.3000 -2.1000
4.6000 1.1000 5.0000 -6.1000 10.0000
0.2000
x =
-6.1000 -2.1000 -1.5000 0.2000 1.1000
4.6000 5.0000 9.0000 10.0000 13.3000

13.4000
>>
18. The Pythagorean theorem states that a 2 + b 2 = c 2 . Write a MATLAB pro-

gram in a script file that finds all the combinations of triples a, b, and c that
are positive integers all smaller or equal to 50 that satisfy the Pythagorean
theorem. Display the results in a three-column table in which every row cor-
responds to one triple. The first three rows of the table are:
3 4 5
5 12 13
6 8 10
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
id=1;
for k=1:50
for j=k+1:50
for i=j+1:50
if i^2==k^2+j^2
a(id)=k;
b(id)=j;
c(id)=i;
id=id+1;
end
end
end
end
table=[a' b' c']
Command Window:
table =
3 4 5
5 12 13
6 8 10
7 24 25
8 15 17
9 12 15
9 40 41
10 24 26
12 16 20
12 35 37
14 48 50
15 20 25
15 36 39
16 30 34
18 24 30
20 21 29
21 28 35
24 32 40
27 36 45
30 40 50
>>
19. Write a MATLAB program in a script file that finds and displays all the
numbers between 100 and 999 whose product of digits is 6 times the sum of
the digits. (e.g. 347 since ). Use a for loop in the pro-
gram. The loop should start from 100 and end at 999.
Solution
Script File:
for n=100:999
h=fix(n/100);
d=fix((n-100*h)/10);
s=n-h*100-d*10;
mul=h*d*s;
add=6*(h+d+s);
if mul == add
n
end
end
Command Window:
n =
268
n =
286
n =
347
n =
374
n =
437
n =
473
n =
628
n =
682
n =
734
n =
743
n =
826
n =
862
20. A safe prime is a prime number that can be written in the form where p is
also a prime number. For example, 47 is a safe prime since and 23
is also a prime number. Write a computer program that finds and displays all the
safe primes between 1 and 1000. Do not use MATLAB’s built-in function
isprime.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
k=1;
for n=1:500;
nispr=1;
nsafeisPrime=0;
for i=2:fix(n/2)
if rem(n,i)==0
nispr=0;
break
end
end
if nispr==1
nsafe=2*n+1;
nsafeisPrime=1;
for j=2:fix(nsafe/2)
if rem(nsafe,j)==0
nsafeisPrime=0;
break
end
end
end
if nsafeisPrime==1
SafePrimeNum(k)=nsafe;
k=k+1;
end
end
SafePrimeNum
Command Window:
SafePrimeNum =
Columns 1 through 7
3 5 7 11 23 47 59
83 107 167 179 227 263 347
359 383 467 479 503 563 587
719 839 863 887 983
21. Sexy primes are two prime numbers that the difference between them is 6. For
example, 23 and 29 are sexy primes since . Write a computer pro-
gram that finds all the sexy primes between 1 and 300. The numbers should be
displayed in a two-column matrix where each row display one pair. Do not use
MATLAB’s built-in function isprime.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
k=1;
for n=1:300;
nispr=1;
nSexyeisPrime=0;
for i=2:fix(n/2)
if rem(n,i)==0
nispr=0;
break
end
end
if nispr==1
nsexy=n+6;
nSexyeisPrime=1;
for j=2:fix(nsexy/2)
if rem(nsexy,j)==0
nSexyeisPrime=0;
break
end
end
end
if nSexyeisPrime==1
SexyPrimeNum(k,1)=n;
SexyPrimeNum(k,2)=nsexy;
k=k+1;
end
end
SexyPrimeNum
Command Window:
SexyPrimeNum =
1 7
5 11
7 13
11 17
13 19
17 23
23 29
31 37
37 43
41 47
47 53
53 59
61 67
67 73
73 79
83 89
97 103
101 107
103 109
107 113
131 137
151 157
157 163
167 173
173 179
191 197
193 199
223 229
227 233
233 239
251 257
257 263
263 269
271 277
277 283
>>
22. A Mersenne prime is a prime number that is equal to , where n is an inte-

ger. For example, 31 is a Mersenne prime since . Write a computer
program that finds all the Mersenne primes between 1 and 10,000. Do not use
MATLAB’s built-in function isprime.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
k=1;
for N=3:10000;
nispr=1;
for i=2:fix(N/2)
if rem(N,i)==0
nispr=0;
break
end
end
if nispr==1
n=ceil(log(N)/log(2));
if N == 2^n-1
MersennePrimes(k)=N;
k=k+1;
end
end
end
MersennePrimes
Command Window:
MersennePrimes =
3 7 31 127 8191
23. A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divi-
sors except the number itself. The first two perfect numbers are 6 and 28 since
and . Write a computer program that finds the
first four perfect numbers.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
j=1;
for N=2:10000
clear div
div(1)=1;
k=2;
for i=2:fix(N/2)
if rem(N,i)==0
div(k)=i;
k=k+1;
end
end
if sum(div)==N
PerfectN(j)=N;
j=j+1;
end
end
PerfectN
Command Window:
PerfectN =
6 28 496 8128
>>
24. A list of exam scores (S) (in percent out of 100%) is given: 72, 81, 44, 68, 90,
53, 80, 75, 74, 65, 50, 92, 85, 69, 41, 73, 70, 86, 61, 65, 79, 94, 69.
Write a computer program that calculates the average (Av) and standard
deviation (Sd) of the scores, which are rounded to the nearest integer. Then,
the program determines the letter grade of each of the scores according to
the following scheme:
Score (%)
Letter grade A B
Score (%)
Letter grade C D
Score (%)
Letter grade F
The program displays the values of Av and Sd followed by a list that shows
the scores and the corresponding letter grade (e.g. 72% Letter grade C).
Solution
Script file:
clear,clc
G=[72 81 44 68 90 53 80 75 74 65 50 92 85 69 41 73 70 86
61 65 79 94 69];
Av=round(mean(G));
S=round(std(G));
fprintf('Average grade is %3.0f%%. Standard deviation is
%3.0f%%.\n',Av,S)
disp(' ')
n=length(G);
for i=1:n
if G(i) > Av+1.3*S
fprintf('%3i%% Letter grade A\n',G(i))
elseif G(i) > Av+0.5*S & G(i) < Av+1.3*S
fprintf('%3i%% Letter grade B\n',G(i))
elseif G(i) > Av-0.5*S & G(i) < Av+0.5*S
fprintf('%3i%% Letter grade C\n',G(i))
elseif G(i) > Av-1.3*S & G(i) < Av-0.5*S
fprintf('%3i%% Letter grade D\n',G(i))
elseif G(i) < Av-1.3*S
fprintf('%3i%% Letter grade F\n',G(i))
end
end
Command Window:
Average grade is 71%. Standard deviation is 14%.
72% Letter grade C

81% Letter grade B
44% Letter grade F
68% Letter grade C
90% Letter grade A
53% Letter grade D
80% Letter grade B
75% Letter grade C
74% Letter grade C
65% Letter grade C
50% Letter grade F
92% Letter grade A
85% Letter grade B
69% Letter grade C
41% Letter grade F
73% Letter grade C
70% Letter grade C
86% Letter grade B
61% Letter grade D
65% Letter grade C
79% Letter grade B
94% Letter grade A
69% Letter grade C
>>
25. The Taylor series expansion for ax is:

∞

n=0
Write a MATLAB program that determines ax using the Taylor series
expansion. The program asks the user to type a value for x. Use a loop for
adding the terms of the Taylor series. If cn is the nth term in the series, then
the sum Sn of the n terms is . In each pass calculate the esti-
mated error E given by . Stop adding terms when .

The program displays the value of ax. Use the program to calculate:
(a) 23.5 (b) 6.31.7
Compare the values with those obtained by using a calculator.
Solution
Script File:
a=input('Enter a value for a ');
x=input('Enter a value for x ');
S=1;
for n=1:30
cn=log(a)^n/factorial(n)*x^n;
Sn=S+cn;
if abs((Sn-S)/S)<0.000001
S=Sn;
break
end
S=Sn;
end
S
Command Window:
Enter a value for a 2

Enter a value for x 3.5
S =
11.313707964994668
Calculator value: 11.3137085
Enter a value for a 6.3

Enter a value for x 1.7
S =
22.849612550742957
Calculator value: 22.84961748
26. Write a MATLAB program in a script file that finds a positive integer n such
that the sum of all the integers 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n is a number between 100
and 1000 whose three digits are identical. As output, the program displays
the integer n and the corresponding sum.
Solution
Script File:
for n=1:100
Sm=sum(1:n);
if Sm >= 100 & Sm <= 1000
h=fix(Sm/100);
d=fix((Sm-100*h)/10);
s=Sm-h*100-d*10;
if h == d & h == s
n
Sm
break
end
end
end
Command Window:
n =
36
Sm =
666
27. The following are formulas for calculating the Training Heart Rate (THR):
where MHR is the maximum heart rate given by (https://en.wikipedia.org/

wiki/Heart_rate):
For male: , for female: ,
RHR is the resting heart rate, and INTEN the fitness level (0.55 for low, 0.65
for medium, and 0.8 for high fitness). Write a program in a script file that
determines the THR. The program asks users to enter their gender (male or
female), age (number), resting heart rate (number), and fitness level (low,
medium, or high). The program then displays the training heart rate
(rounded to the nearest integer). Use the program for determining the train-
ing heart rate for the following two individuals:
(a) A 19-year-old male, resting heart rate of 64, and medium fitness level.
(b) A 20-year-old female, resting heart rate of 63, and high fitness level.
Solution
Script File:
G=input('Please enter gender (Male or Female): ','s');
Age=input('Enter age: ');
Rhr=input('Enter resting heart rate: ');
Int=input('Enter fitness level (low, medium, or high):
','s');
switch Int
case 'low'
Intn=0.55;
case 'medium'
Intn=0.65;
case 'high'
Intn=0.8;
end
switch G
case 'Male'
Mhr=203.7/(1+exp(0.033*(Age-104.3)));
case 'Female'
Mhr=190.2/(1+exp(0.0453*(Age-107.5)));
end
THR=round((Mhr-Rhr)*Intn+Rhr)
Command Window:
(a)
Please enter gender (Male or Female): Male
Enter age: 19
Enter resting heart rate: 64
Enter fitness level (low, medium, or high): medium
THR =
147
(b)
Please enter gender (Male or Female): Female
Enter age: 20
Enter resting heart rate: 63
Enter fitness level (low, medium, or high): high
THR =
162
28. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of obesity. In standard units, it is cal-
culated by the formula
where W is weight in pounds, and H is height in inches. The obesity classifi-

cation is:
BMI Classification
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5 to 24.9 Normal
25 to 29.9 Overweight
30 and above Obese
Write a program in a script file that calculates the BMI of a person. The pro-
gram asks the person to enter his or her weight (lb) and height (in.). The
program displays the result in a sentence that reads: “Your BMI value is
XXX, which classifies you as SSSS,” where XXX is the BMI value rounded
to the nearest tenth, and SSSS is the corresponding classification. Use the
program for determining the obesity of the following two individuals:
(a) A person 6 ft 2 in. tall with a weight of 180 lb.
(b) A person 5 ft 1 in. tall with a weight of 150 lb.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
W=input('Please input your weight in lb: ');
h=input('Please input your height in in.: ');
BMI=703*W/h^2;
if BMI<18.5
fprintf('\nYour BMI value is %.1f, which classifies you
as underweight\n\n',BMI)
elseif BMI<25
as normal\n\n',BMI)
elseif BMI<30
as overweight\n\n',BMI)
else
as obese\n\n',BMI)
end
Command Window:
Please input your weight in lb: 180

Please input your height in in.: 74
Your BMI value is 23.1, which classifies you as normal
Please input your weight in lb: 150

Please input your height in in.: 61
Your BMI value is 28.3, which classifies you as overweight
>>
29. Write a program in a script file that calculates the cost of renting a car
according to the following price schedule:
Sedan SUV
Duration of rent Daily Free Cost of Daily Free Cost of
rate miles Additional rate miles Additional
(per day) mile (per day) mile
1-6 days $79 80 $0.69 $84 80 $0.74

7-29 days $69 100 $0.59 $74 100 $0.64
30 or more days $59 120 $0.49 $64 120 $0.54
The program asks the user to enter the type of car (Sedan or SUV), the
number of days, and the number of miles driven. The program then displays
the cost (rounded to cents) for the rent. Run the program three times for the
following cases:
(a) Sedan, 10 days, 769 miles. (b) SUV, 32 days, 4,056 miles.
(c) Sedan, 3 days, 511 miles.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
T=input('Enter the type of car (Sedan, or SUV) ','s');
D=input('Enter the number of days ');
M=input('Enter the number of miles ');
switch T
case 'Sedan'
if D <= 6
if M <= D*80
cost=79*D;
else
cost=79*D+(M-D*80)*0.69;
end
elseif D <= 29
if M <= D*100
cost=69*D;
else
cost=69*D+(M-D*100)*0.59;
end
else
if M <= D*120
cost=59*D;
else
cost=59*D+(M-D*120)*0.49;
end
end
case 'SUV'
if D <= 6
if M <= D*80
cost=84*D;
else
cost=84*D+(M-D*80)*0.74
end
elseif D <= 29
if M <= D*100
cost=74*D;
else
cost=74*D+(M-D*100)*0.64;
end
else
if M <= D*120
cost=64*D;
else
cost=64*D+(M-D*120)*0.54
end
end
end
fprintf('The cost of the rent is $%5.2f\n',cost)
Command Window:
Enter the type of car (Sedan, or SUV) Sedan

Enter the number of days 10
Enter the number of miles 769
The cost of the rent is $690.00
>>
Enter the type of car (Sedan, or SUV) SUV

>>
Enter the type of car (Sedan, or SUV) Sedan
>>
30. Write a program that determines the change given back to a customer in a
self-service checkout machine of a supermarket for purchases of up to $50.
The program generates a random number between 0.01 and 50.00 and dis-
plays the number as the amount to be paid. The program then asks the user
to enter payment, which can be one $1 bill, one $5 bill, one $10 bill, one $20
bill, or one $50 bill. If the payment is less than the amount to be paid, an
error message is displayed. If the payment is sufficient, the program calcu-
lates the change and lists the bills and/or the coins that make up the change,
which has to be composed of the least number each of bills and coins. For
example, if the amount to be paid is $2.33 and a $10 bill is entered as pay-
ment, then the change is one $5 bill, two $1 bills, two quarters, one dime,
one nickel, and two pennies. Execute the program three times.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
AmToPy=randi(5000)/100;
fprintf('The amount to be paid is: $%5.2f\n',AmToPy)
Cash=input('Please enter payment in dollars (1, 5, 10,
20 or 50) ');
if Cash<AmToPy
disp('Insufficient payment')
else
R=[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
BilCoin=[2000 1000 500 100 25 10 5 1];
C=round((Cash-AmToPy)*100);
for i=1:8
if C>=BilCoin(i)
Nunit=round(floor(C/BilCoin(i)));
R(i)=Nunit;
C=C-Nunit*BilCoin(i);
end
end
disp('The change is:')
fprintf('%2.0f $20 bills\n',R(1))
fprintf('%2.0f quarters\n',R(5))
fprintf('%2.0f dimes\n',R(6))
fprintf('%2.0f nickels\n',R(7))
fprintf('%2.0f cents\n',R(8))
end
Command Window:
The amount to be paid is: $13.93

Please enter payment in dollars (1, 5, 10, 20 or 50) 20
The change is:
0 $20 bills
0 $10 bills
1 $5 bills
1 $1 bills
0 quarters
0 dimes
1 nickels
2 cents

The change is:
1 $20 bills
0 $10 bills
0 $5 bills
2 $1 bills
2 quarters
1 dimes
1 nickels
0 cents

The change is:
0 $20 bills
0 $10 bills
1 $5 bills
4 $1 bills
3 quarters
2 dimes
0 nickels
3 cents
>>
31. The concentration of a drug in the body C P can be modeled by the equation:
where D G is the dosage administered (mg), V d is the volume of distribution

(L), k a is the absorption rate constant (h–1), k e is the elimination rate con-
stant (h–1), and t is the time (h) since the drug was administered. For a cer-
tain drug, the following quantities are given: D G = 150 mg, V d = 50 L,
k a = 1.6 h–1, and k e = 0.4 h–1.
(a) A single dose is administered at t = 0. Calculate and plot C P versus t
for 10 hours.
(b) A first dose is administered at t = 0 , and subsequently four more doses
are administered at intervals of 4 hours (i.e., at t = 4, 8, 12, 16 ). Calcu-
late and plot C P versus t for 24 hours.
Solution
Part (a)
Script file:
clear, clc
t=0:0.1:10;
n=length(t);
DG=150; Vd=50;
C=DG/Vd;
ke=0.4; ka=1.6;
K=ka/(ka-ke);
Con=C*K;
Cp=Con*(exp(-ke*t)-exp(-ka*t));
plot(t,Cp)
xlabel('Time (hr)')
ylabel('Drug Concentration (mg/L)')
Figure:
Part (b)
Script file:
clear, clc
t=0:0.2:24;
n=length(t);
DG=150; Vd=50;
%C=1.5*100/50;
C=DG/Vd;
ke=0.4; ka=1.6;
K=ka/(ka-ke);
Con=C*K;
for i=1:n
Cp(i)=Con*(exp(-ke*t(i))-exp(-ka*t(i)));
if t(i)>4
Cp(i)=Cp(i)+Con*(exp(-ke*(t(i)-4))-exp(-
ka*(t(i)-4)));
end
if t(i)>8
ka*(t(i)-8)));
end
if t(i)>12
ka*(t(i)-12)));
end
if t(i)>16
ka*(t(i)-16)));
end
end
plot(t,Cp)
xlabel('Time (hr)')
ylabel('Drug Concentration (mg/L)')
Figure:
32. One numerical method for calculating the cubic root of a number, 3 P is Hal-
ley’s method. The solution process starts by choosing a value x 1 as a first esti-
mate of the solution. Using this value, a second, more accurate value x 2 is
calculated with, which is then used for calculating a
third, still more accurate value x 3 , and so on. The general equation for calculat-
ing the value of x i + 1 from the value of x i is .
Write a MATLAB program that calculates the cubic root of a number. In the
program use x 1 = P for the first estimate of the solution. Then, by using the
general equation in a loop, calculate new, more accurate values. Stop the looping
when the estimated relative error E defined by is smaller than
0.00001. Use the program to calculate:
(a) 3 800 (b) 3 59071 (c)
Solution
Script File:
P=input('Enter a number for calculating its cubic root:

');
xi=P*(P^3+2*P)/(2*P^3+P);
for n=1:30
xip1=xi*(xi^3+2*P)/(2*xi^3+P);
if abs((xip1-xi)/xi)<0.00001
QRP=xip1;
break
end
xi=xip1;
end
fprintf ('the qubic root of %g is %g\n',P,QRP)
Command Window:
Enter a number for calculating its cubic root: 800

the qubic root of 800 is 9.28318
Enter a number for calculating its cubic root: 59071

the qubic root of 59071 is 38.9456
Enter a number for calculating its cubic root: -31.55

the qubic root of -31.55 is -3.15985
33. Write a program in a script file that converts a measure of area given in units
of either m2, cm2, in2, ft2, yd2, or acre to the equivalent quantity in different
units specified by the user. The program asks the user to enter a numerical
value for the size of an area, its current units, and the desired new units. The
output is the size of the area in the new units. Use the program to:
(a) Convert 55 in2 to cm2. (b) Convert 2400 ft2 to m2.
(c) Convert 300 cm2 to yd2.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
Ain=input('Enter the value of the area to be converted:
');
AinUnits=input('Enter the current units (sqm, sqcm,
sqin, sqft or sqyd): ','s');
AoutUnits=input('Enter the new units (sqm, sqcm, sqin,
sqft or sqyd): ','s');
error=0;
switch AinUnits
case 'sqm'
Asqcm=Ain*1E4;
case 'sqcm'
Asqcm=Ain;
case 'sqin'
Asqcm=Ain*2.54^2;
case 'sqft'
Asqcm=Ain*(2.54*12)^2;
case 'sqyd'
Asqcm=Ain*(3*2.54*12)^2;
otherwise
error=1;
end
switch AoutUnits
case 'sqm'
Aout=Asqcm*1E-4;
case 'sqcm'
Aout=Asqcm;
case 'sqin'
Aout=Asqcm/2.54^2;
case 'sqft'
Aout=Asqcm/(2.54*12)^2;
case 'sqyd'
Aout=Asqcm/(3*2.54*12)^2;
otherwise
error=1;
end
if error
disp('ERROR current or new units are typed
incorrectly.')
else
fprintf('A= %g %s\n',Aout,AoutUnits)
end
Command Window:
Enter the value of the area to be converted: 55

Enter the current units (sqm, sqcm, sqin, sqft or sqyd):
sqin
Enter the new units (sqm, sqcm, sqin, sqft or sqyd):
sqcm
A= 354.838 sqcm
>>
sqft
Enter the new units (sqm, sqcm, sqin, sqft or sqyd): sqm
A= 222.967 sqm
>>
sqcm
Enter the new units (sqm, sqcm, sqin, sqft or sqyd):
sqyd
A= 0.0358797 sqyd
>>
34. In a one-dimensional random walk, the position x of a walker is computed

by:
xj = xj + s
where s is a random number. Write a program that calculates the number of
steps required for the walker to reach a boundary . Use MATLAB’s
built-in function randn(1,1) to calculate s. Run the program 100 times
(by using a loop) and calculate the average number of steps when B = 10 .
Solution
Script File:
clear, clc
for j=1:100
x=0;
for i=1:1000
x=x+randn(1,1);
if abs(x)>10
break
end
end
if i==1000
disp('ERROR: Boundary was not reached in 1000
steps')
end
steps(j)=i;
end
AveNumSteps=mean(steps)
Command Window:
AveNumSteps =
123.7700
>>
35. The Sierpinski triangle can be implemented in MATLAB by plotting points

iteratively according to one of the following three rules that are selected ran-
domly with equal probability.
Rule 1: x n + 1 = 0.5x n, y n + 1 = 0.5y n
Rule 2: x n + 1 = 0.5x n + 0.25 ,
Rule 3: x n + 1 = 0.5x n + 0.5 , y n + 1 = 0.5y n
Write a program in a script file that calculates the x and y vectors and then
plots y versus x as individual points (use plot(x,y,‘^’)). Start with
x 1 = 0 and y 1 = 0 . Run the program four times with 10, 100, 1,000, and
10,000 iterations.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
x(1)=0; y(1)=0;
for i=2:10000
n=randi(3);
if n==1
x(i)=0.5*x(i-1);
y(i)=0.5*y(i-1);
elseif n==2
x(i)=0.5*x(i-1)+0.25;
y(i)=0.5*y(i-1)+sqrt(3)/4;
elseif n==3
x(i)=0.5*x(i-1)+0.5;
y(i)=0.5*y(i-1);
end
end
plot(x,y,'^')
axis equal
Figure 10 iterations:

Figure 10,000 iterations:

36. The roots of a cubic equation can be calculated

using the following procedure:
Set: , , and .
Calculate: ,
where and .
If the equation has complex roots.
If all roots are real and at least two are equal. The roots are given by:
, , and .
If all roots are real and are given by:
, , and
, where .
Write a MATLAB program that determines the real roots of a cubic equa-
tion. As input the program asks the user to enter the values of a3, a2, a1, and
a0 as a vector. The program then calculates the value of D. If the equations
has complex roots the message “The equation has complex roots” is dis-
played. Otherwise the real roots are calculated and displayed. Use the pro-
gram to solve the following equations:
(a) (b)
(c)
Solution
Script File:
v=input('Enter the values of a3, a2, a1, and a0 as a

vector: ');
a=v(2)/v(1); b=v(3)/v(1); c=v(4)/v(1);
Q=(3*b-a^2)/9;
R=(9*a*b-27*c-2*a^3)/54;
D=Q^3+R^2;
if abs(D)<0.01
D=0;
end
if D > 0
disp('The equation has complex roots.')
elseif D ==0
S=nthroot(R,3);
x1=2*S-a/3;
x2=-S-a/3;
x3=x2;
fprintf('The roots are: %g , %g , and
%g.\n',x1,x2,x3)
elseif D < 0
Qs=sqrt(-Q);
th=acosd(R/sqrt(-Q^3));
x1=2*Qs*cosd(th/3)-a/3;
x2=2*Qs*cosd(th/3+120)-a/3;
x3=2*Qs*cosd(th/3+240)-a/3;
fprintf('The roots are: %g , %g , and %g.\n',x1,x2,x3)
end
Command Window:
(a)
Enter the values of a3, a2, a1, and a0 as a vector: [5 -
34.5 36.9 8.8]
The roots are: 5.5 , -0.2 , and 1.6.
(b)
10 24 -15]
The equation has complex roots.
(c)
1.4 -20.58 30.87]
The roots are: -3.5 , 2.1 , and 2.1.
37. The overall grade in a course is determined from the grades of 10 homework
assignments, 2 midterms, and a final exam, using the following scheme:
Homeworks: Homework assignments are graded on a scale from 0 to 80.
The grade of the two lowest assignments is dropped and the average of the 8
assignments with the higher grades constitutes 20% of the course grade.
Midterms and final exam: Midterms and final exams are graded on a scale
from 0 to 100. If the average of the midterm scores is higher than, or the
same as, the score on the final exam, the average of the midterms constitutes
40% of the course grade and the grade of the final exam constitutes 40% of
the course grade. If the final exam grade is higher than the average of the
midterms, the average of the midterms constitutes 30% of the course grade
and the grade of the final exam constitutes 50% of the course grade.
Write a computer program in a script file that determines the course
grade for a student. The program first asks the user to enter the 10 home-
work assignment grades (in a vector), two midterm grades (in a vector), and
the grade of the final. Then the program calculates a numerical course grade
(a number between 0 and 100). Execute the program for the following cases:
(a) Homework assignment grades: 65, 79, 80, 50, 71, 73, 61, 70, 69, 74. Mid-
term grades: 83, 91. Final exam: 84.
(b) Homework assignment grades: 70, 69, 83, 45, 90, 89, 52, 78, 100, 87.
Midterm grades: 87, 72. Final exam: 90.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
HW=input('Enter ten homework grades (0-80) in a vector
');
MT=input('Enter two midterm grades (0-100) in a vector
');
FE=input('Enter the final exam grade (0-100) ');
HWsorted=sort(HW);
HW8=HWsorted(3:10);
HWtoFinalGrade=mean(HW8)/100*20;
MTave=mean(MT);
if MTave >= FE
Grade=round(0.4*MTave+0.4*FE+HWtoFinalGrade);
else
Grade=round(0.3*MTave+0.5*FE+HWtoFinalGrade);
end
fprintf('Course grade: % i\n',Grade)
Command Window:
Enter ten homework grades (0-80) in a vector [65 79 80 50
71 73 61 70 69 74];
Enter two midterm grades (0-100) in a vector [83 91]
Enter the final exam grade (0-100) 84
Course grade: 83
>>
Enter ten homework grades (0-80) in a vector [70 69 83 45
90 89 52 78 100 87]
Enter two midterm grades (0-100) in a vector [87 72]
Enter the final exam grade (0-100) 90
Course grade: 86
>>
38. Keith number is a number (integer) that appears in a Fibonacci-like

sequence that is based on its own decimal digits. For two-decimal digit num-
bers (10 through 99) a Fibonacci-like sequence is created in which the first
element is the tens digit and the second element is the units digit. The value
of each subsequent element is the sum of the previous two elements. If the
number is a Keith number, then it appears in the sequence. For example, the
first two-decimal digit Keith number is 14, since the corresponding Fibo-
nacci-like sequence is 1, 4, 5, 9, 14. Write a MATLAB program that deter-
mines and displays all the Keith numbers between 10 and 99.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
p=1;
for i=1:9
for j=0:9
N=10*i+j;
a=[i, j];
for k=3:20
a(k)=a(k-2)+a(k-1);
if a(k)==N
KN(p)=N;
p=p+1;
break
end
if a(k)>N
break
end
end
end
end
KN
Command Window:
KN =
14 19 28 47 61 75
>>
39. The following MATLAB commands creates a sine-shaped signal y(t) that
contains random noise:
t = 0:.05:10;
y = sin(t)-0.1+0.2*rand(1,length(t));
Write a MATLAB program that use these commands to creates a noisy
sine-shaped signal. Then the program smooths the signal by using the three-
points moving average method. In this method the value of every point i,
except the first and last, is replaced by the average of the value of three adja-
cent points (i–1, i, and i+1). Make a plot that display the noisy and
smoothed signals.
Solution
Script file:
clear, clc
t = 0:.05:10;
y = sin(t)-0.1+0.2*rand(1,length(t));
n=length(t);
ys=y;
for k=1:10
for j=2:n-1
ys(j)=(ys(j-1)+ys(j)+ys(j+1))/3;
end
end
plot(t,y,t,ys,'linewidth',2) % Plot both signals.
legend('Original signal','Signal with AWGN');
Figure:

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Chapter 6

1. Evaluate the following expressions without using MATLAB. Check the

>> % Part (a)

2. Given: , , . Evaluate the following expressions without

3. Given: v = [–2 4 1 0 2 1 2 ] and w = [2 5 0 1 2 –1 3 ]. Evaluate the follow-

>> v=[-2 4 1 0 2 1 2];

5. Evaluate the following expressions without using MATLAB. Check the

>> % Part (a)

7. Write a program that generates a vector with 30 random integers between

v=randi([-15 20],1, 25)

The averager temperature in New York City is: 35 F.

11. The Pascal’s triangle can be displayed as elements in a

13. The reciprocal Fibonacci constant ψ is defined by the infinite sum:

14. The value of π can be estimated from:

Enter a value for n 10

15. The value of π can be estimated from the expression:

4.6000 5.0000 9.0000 10.0000 13.3000

18. The Pythagorean theorem states that a 2 + b 2 = c 2 . Write a MATLAB pro-

22. A Mersenne prime is a prime number that is equal to , where n is an inte-

Average grade is 71%. Standard deviation is 14%.

72% Letter grade C

25. The Taylor series expansion for ax is:

mated error E given by . Stop adding terms when .

Enter a value for a 2

Calculator value: 11.3137085

Enter a value for a 6.3

Calculator value: 22.84961748

where MHR is the maximum heart rate given by (https://en.wikipedia.org/

where W is weight in pounds, and H is height in inches. The obesity classifi-

Please input your weight in lb: 180

Your BMI value is 23.1, which classifies you as normal

Please input your weight in lb: 150

Your BMI value is 28.3, which classifies you as overweight

1-6 days $79 80 $0.69 $84 80 $0.74

Enter the type of car (Sedan, or SUV) Sedan

Enter the number of miles 4056

The amount to be paid is: $13.93

The amount to be paid is: $27.35

The amount to be paid is: $40.02

where D G is the dosage administered (mg), V d is the volume of distribution

P=input('Enter a number for calculating its cubic root:

Enter a number for calculating its cubic root: 800

Enter a number for calculating its cubic root: 59071

Enter a number for calculating its cubic root: -31.55

Enter the value of the area to be converted: 55

34. In a one-dimensional random walk, the position x of a walker is computed

35. The Sierpinski triangle can be implemented in MATLAB by plotting points

Figure 100 iterations:

Figure 1000 iterations:

Figure 10,000 iterations:

36. The roots of a cubic equation can be calculated

v=input('Enter the values of a3, a2, a1, and a0 as a

38. Keith number is a number (integer) that appears in a Fibonacci-like

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