TEST‌‌

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1-‌The‌‌sentences‌‌below‌‌are‌‌in‌‌an‌‌active‌‌voice.‌‌Change‌‌them‌‌to‌‌the‌‌passive‌‌voice.‌  ‌

Jerry‌‌ate‌‌the‌‌cheese.‌ 

Mary‌‌does‌‌the‌‌laundry‌‌on‌‌weekends.‌  ‌

Helen‌‌is‌‌walking‌‌the‌‌dog.‌  ‌

John‌‌has‌‌washed‌‌the‌‌car.‌  ‌

Brad‌‌had‌‌visited‌‌this‌‌museum‌‌before.‌  ‌

2-‌‌Ebola‌‌crisis‌  ‌

West‌‌Africa‌‌is‌‌experiencing‌‌the‌‌biggest‌‌outbreak‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Ebola‌‌virus‌‌ever‌‌known,‌‌
 
causing‌‌thousands‌‌of‌‌deaths,‌‌devastating‌‌fragile‌‌healthcare‌‌systems‌‌and‌‌damaging‌‌
 

the‌‌economies‌‌of‌‌countries,‌‌some‌‌of‌‌which‌‌are‌‌still‌‌recovering‌‌from‌‌civil‌‌war.‌‌
 
Infections‌‌are‌‌thought‌‌to‌‌be‌‌doubling‌‌every‌‌few‌‌weeks.‌‌The‌‌World‌‌Health‌‌
 
Organization‌‌(WHO)‌‌says‌‌there‌‌were‌‌13,700‌‌officially‌‌registered‌‌cases‌‌by‌‌the‌‌end‌‌of‌ 

October,‌‌almost‌‌all‌‌in‌‌Sierra‌‌Leone,‌‌Liberia‌‌and‌‌Guinea,‌‌with‌‌about‌‌5,000‌‌deaths,‌‌but‌‌
 

many‌‌go‌‌unrecorded‌‌and‌‌the‌‌true‌‌figure‌‌is‌‌thought‌‌to‌‌be‌‌two‌‌to‌‌three‌‌times‌‌higher.‌‌
 
The‌‌US‌‌Centre‌‌for‌‌Disease‌‌Control‌‌(CDC)‌‌says‌‌that‌‌if‌‌nothing‌‌changes‌‌there‌‌could‌‌
 

be‌‌1.4‌‌million‌‌cases‌‌by‌‌late‌‌January.‌  ‌

The‌‌WHO‌‌has‌‌been‌‌criticized‌‌for‌‌not‌‌reacting‌‌fast‌‌enough‌‌to‌‌the‌‌outbreak:‌‌it‌‌took‌‌
 

three‌‌months‌‌to‌‌diagnose‌‌the‌‌first‌‌cases,‌‌and‌‌five‌‌months‌‌more‌‌before‌‌a‌‌public‌‌
 
health‌‌emergency‌‌was‌‌declared.‌‌The‌‌exceptional‌‌spread‌‌of‌‌the‌‌disease‌‌was‌‌
 

probably‌‌down‌‌to‌‌a‌‌number‌‌of‌‌factors‌‌including‌‌dysfunctional‌‌health‌‌systems,‌‌high‌‌
 

population‌‌mobility‌‌across‌‌state‌‌borders,‌‌densely‌‌populated‌‌capitals‌‌and‌‌lack‌‌of‌‌trust‌‌
 
in‌‌authorities‌‌after‌‌years‌‌of‌‌armed‌‌conflict‌‌meaning‌‌health‌‌advice‌‌is‌‌not‌‌heeded.‌‌Fear‌‌
 

is‌‌also‌‌a‌‌factor.‌‌People‌‌are‌‌afraid‌‌to‌‌go‌‌to‌‌hospital‌‌because‌‌they‌‌think‌‌it‌‌may‌‌be‌‌the‌‌
 

source‌‌of‌‌infection.‌  ‌

Healthcare‌‌in‌‌the‌‌region‌‌was‌‌fragile‌‌before‌‌Ebola.‌‌Now‌‌there‌‌is‌‌disintegration‌‌as‌‌staff‌‌
 

become‌‌ill‌‌or‌‌stay‌‌away‌‌for‌‌fear‌‌of‌‌the‌‌disease.‌‌Infection‌‌control‌‌and‌‌hygiene‌‌are‌‌
 

major‌‌issues.‌‌Soap‌‌and‌‌water‌‌are‌‌unavailable‌‌in‌‌some‌‌areas.‌‌Alcohol‌‌hand‌‌rubs‌‌are‌‌
 

needed‌‌on‌‌a‌‌large‌‌scale.‌‌Isolation‌‌facilities‌‌are‌‌vital‌‌to‌‌contain‌‌Ebola,‌‌as‌‌are‌‌labs‌‌for‌‌
 

testing‌‌because‌‌rapid‌‌diagnosis‌‌is‌‌very‌‌important.‌‌Both‌‌are‌‌in‌‌very‌‌short‌‌supply.‌‌In‌‌
 
some‌‌places,‌‌isolation‌‌is‌‌nothing‌‌more‌‌than‌‌an‌‌area‌‌behind‌‌a‌‌curtain.‌‌People‌‌with‌‌
 

other‌‌diseases‌‌and‌‌women‌‌in‌‌childbirth‌‌are‌‌at‌‌risk‌‌because‌‌hospitals‌‌are‌‌no‌‌longer‌ 

functioning‌‌properly.‌  ‌

About‌‌the‌‌first‌‌sentence‌‌of‌‌the‌‌text,‌‌it‌‌is‌‌correct‌‌to‌‌affirm‌‌that:‌  ‌

a)‌‌the‌‌word‌‌“still”‌‌indicates‌‌consequence.‌  ‌

b)‌‌the‌‌word‌‌“ever”‌‌is‌‌an‌‌auxiliary‌‌verb.‌  ‌

c)‌‌all‌‌clauses‌‌are‌‌in‌‌the‌‌present‌‌continuous‌‌tense.‌  ‌

d)‌‌the‌‌word‌‌“Ebola”‌‌is‌‌the‌‌subject‌‌of‌‌the‌‌sentence.‌  ‌

e)‌‌the‌‌adjective‌‌“biggest”‌‌is‌‌in‌‌the‌‌comparative‌‌form.‌  ‌

3-‌‌Read‌‌the‌‌sentences‌‌below:‌  ‌

I.‌‌John‌s‌ tudy‌e
‌ ngineering‌‌at‌‌my‌‌university.‌  ‌

II.‌‌Helene‌i‌s‌‌going‌‌to‌‌‌live‌‌in‌‌London‌‌last‌‌year.‌  ‌

III.‌‌Pedro‌‌wishes‌‌he‌c‌ an‌‌‌read‌‌more‌‌this‌‌month.‌  ‌

IV.‌‌When‌‌I‌‌grew‌‌up‌‌‌,‌‌I‌‌want‌‌to‌‌be‌‌a‌‌jazz‌‌singer.‌  ‌

Choose‌‌the‌‌best‌‌alternative‌‌to‌‌replace‌‌the‌‌words‌‌underlined‌‌in‌‌the‌‌sentences‌‌above:‌  ‌
a)‌‌Is‌‌studying‌‌–‌‌went‌‌to‌‌–‌‌cannot‌‌–‌‌grow‌‌up.‌  ‌

b)‌‌Studied‌‌–‌‌will‌‌–‌‌could‌‌–‌‌grow‌‌up.‌  ‌

c)‌‌Studies‌‌–‌‌was‌‌going‌‌to‌‌–‌‌could‌‌–‌‌grow‌‌up.‌  ‌

d)‌‌Studies‌‌–‌‌goes‌‌–‌‌could‌‌–‌‌grown‌‌up.‌  ‌

e)‌‌Studied‌‌–‌‌was‌‌going‌‌to‌‌–‌‌cannot‌‌–‌‌grown‌‌up.‌  ‌

4-‌‌When‌‌Carlos‌‌has‌‌a‌‌headache,‌‌he‌‌__________‌‌some‌‌tea.‌  ‌

a)‌‌is‌‌drinking‌  ‌

b)‌‌drank‌  ‌

c)‌‌used‌‌to‌‌drink‌  ‌

d)‌‌drinks‌  ‌

e)‌‌would‌‌drink.‌  ‌

5-‌‌Things‌‌___________‌‌a‌‌lot‌‌since‌‌October.‌  ‌

a)‌‌are‌‌changing‌  ‌

b)‌‌changed‌‌has‌  ‌

c)‌‌have‌‌changed‌  ‌

d)‌‌has‌‌changed‌  ‌

e)‌‌change‌  ‌

6-‌‌‌Jean‌‌___________‌‌a‌‌cute‌‌dog.‌  ‌

a)‌‌have‌  ‌

b)‌‌has‌  ‌
c)‌‌having‌  ‌

d)‌‌has‌‌gone‌  ‌

e)‌‌have‌‌had‌  ‌

7-‌‌‌Depression‌‌in‌‌pregnancy‌‌may‌‌affect‌‌children’s‌‌mental‌‌health,‌‌study‌‌finds‌  ‌

Research‌‌suggests‌‌that‌‌levels‌‌of‌‌stress‌‌hormone‌‌cortisol,‌‌which‌‌are‌‌raised‌‌in‌‌
 

depression,‌‌can‌‌influence‌‌development‌‌of‌‌foetus‌  ‌

By‌‌Sarah‌‌Boseley,‌‌health‌‌editor‌  ‌

Experts‌‌called‌‌for‌‌more‌‌help‌‌for‌‌women‌‌who‌‌are‌‌depressed‌‌in‌‌pregnancy,‌‌saying‌‌the‌‌
 

study‌‌confirmed‌‌that‌‌the‌‌development‌‌of‌‌people’s‌‌mental‌‌health‌‌begins‌‌before‌‌birth.‌‌
 

Photograph:‌‌Katie‌‌Collins/PA‌  ‌

The‌‌children‌‌of‌‌women‌‌who‌‌are‌‌depressed‌‌during‌‌their‌‌pregnancy‌‌may‌‌be‌‌more‌‌
 

likely‌‌to‌‌succumb‌‌to‌‌depression‌‌themselves‌‌by‌‌the‌‌age‌‌of‌‌18,‌‌according‌‌to‌‌new‌‌
 

research.‌  ‌

A‌‌large‌‌study‌‌from‌‌Bristol‌‌University,‌‌published‌‌in‌‌a‌‌leading‌‌medical‌‌journal,‌‌suggests‌‌
 

that‌‌levels‌‌of‌‌the‌‌stress‌‌hormone‌‌cortisol,‌‌which‌‌are‌‌raised‌‌in‌‌depression,‌‌may‌‌affect‌‌
 

the‌‌development‌‌of‌‌the‌‌foetus‌‌in‌‌the‌‌womb.‌  ‌

Experts‌‌called‌‌for‌‌more‌‌help‌‌for‌‌women‌‌who‌‌are‌‌depressed‌‌in‌‌pregnancy,‌‌saying‌‌the‌‌
 

study‌‌confirmed‌‌that‌‌the‌‌development‌‌of‌‌people’s‌‌mental‌‌health‌‌begins‌‌before‌‌birth.‌‌
 

“The‌‌message‌‌is‌‌clear:‌‌helping‌‌women‌‌who‌‌are‌‌depressed‌‌in‌‌pregnancy‌‌will‌‌not‌‌only‌‌
 

alleviate‌‌their‌‌suffering‌‌but‌‌also‌‌the‌‌suffering‌‌of‌‌the‌‌next‌‌generation,”‌‌said‌‌Carmine‌‌
 

Pariante,‌‌professor‌‌of‌‌biological‌‌psychiatry‌‌at‌‌King’s‌‌College‌‌London’s‌‌Institute‌‌of‌‌
 

Psychiatry.‌‌The‌‌study‌‌also‌‌showed‌‌that‌‌postnatal‌‌depression‌‌in‌‌the‌‌mother‌‌was‌‌a‌‌
 

risk‌‌factor‌‌for‌‌children’s‌‌depression‌‌in‌‌late‌‌adolescence,‌‌but‌‌only‌‌in‌‌mothers‌‌with‌‌low‌‌
 

educational‌‌attainment.‌  ‌
The‌‌study‌‌is‌‌published‌‌in‌‌JAMA‌‌(Journal‌‌of‌‌the‌‌American‌‌Medical‌‌Association)‌‌
 

Psychiatry.‌‌It‌‌was‌‌carried‌‌out‌‌by‌‌Rebecca‌‌Pearson,‌‌research‌‌epidemiologist‌‌at‌‌Bristol‌‌
 

University’s‌‌school‌‌of‌‌social‌‌community‌‌medicine,‌‌and‌‌colleagues,‌‌who‌‌studied‌‌data‌‌
 
on‌‌the‌‌mental‌‌health‌‌of‌‌more‌‌than‌‌4,500‌‌parents‌‌and‌‌their‌‌adolescent‌‌children‌‌
 

involved‌‌in‌‌Alspac‌‌(Avon‌‌longitudinal‌‌study‌‌of‌‌parents‌‌and‌‌children).‌‌“The‌‌findings‌‌
 

have‌‌important‌‌implications‌‌for‌‌the‌‌nature‌‌and‌‌timing‌‌of‌‌interventions‌‌aimed‌‌at‌‌
 

preventing‌‌depression‌‌in‌‌the‌‌offspring‌‌of‌‌depressed‌‌mothers.‌‌In‌‌particular,‌‌the‌‌
 

findings‌‌suggest‌‌that‌‌treating‌‌depression‌‌in‌‌pregnancy,‌‌irrespective‌‌of‌‌background,‌‌
 

may‌‌be‌‌most‌‌effective,”‌‌the‌‌authors‌‌wrote.‌  ‌

Celso‌‌Arango,‌‌professor‌‌of‌‌psychiatry‌‌at‌‌the‌‌Gregorio‌‌Marañón‌‌general‌‌university‌‌
 

hospital,‌‌Madrid,‌‌and‌‌president-elect‌‌of‌‌the‌‌European‌‌College‌‌of‌‌
 

Neuropsychopharmacology‌‌(ECNP),‌‌said‌‌it‌‌was‌‌a‌‌significant‌‌study.‌‌He‌‌pointed‌‌out‌‌
 

that‌‌the‌‌mental‌‌state‌‌of‌‌the‌‌father‌‌during‌‌the‌‌pregnancy‌‌had‌‌no‌‌effect‌‌on‌‌the‌‌
 
long-term‌‌health‌‌of‌‌the‌‌child,‌‌which‌‌may‌‌implicate‌‌cortisol‌‌in‌‌the‌‌womb.‌‌“Researchers‌‌
 

are‌‌only‌‌just‌‌beginning‌‌to‌‌realise‌‌that‌‌it‌‌is‌‌not‌‌psychiatrists,‌‌psychologists‌‌or‌‌
 

neuroscientists‌‌that‌‌are‌‌having‌‌the‌‌biggest‌‌impact‌‌on‌‌preventing‌‌mental‌‌health‌‌
 

issues‌‌–‌‌it‌‌is‌‌gynaecologists,”‌‌he‌‌said.‌‌“This‌‌is‌‌something‌‌that‌‌needs‌‌much‌‌more‌‌
 

research‌‌as‌‌we‌‌have‌‌seen‌‌similar‌‌impacts‌‌in‌‌schizophrenia‌‌with‌‌increased‌‌risk‌‌in‌‌
 

mothers‌‌that‌‌developed‌‌schizophrenia‌‌during‌‌the‌‌war‌‌and‌‌passed‌‌on‌‌an‌‌increased‌‌
 

risk‌‌to‌‌their‌‌children.”‌  ‌

In‌‌the‌‌sentence‌‌“The‌‌findings‌‌have‌‌important‌‌implications‌‌for‌‌the‌‌nature‌‌and‌‌timing‌‌of‌‌
 

interventions‌‌aimed‌‌at‌‌preventing‌‌depression‌‌in‌‌the‌‌offspring‌‌of‌‌depressed‌‌mothers.”‌‌
 

there‌‌are‌‌some‌‌words‌‌which‌‌end‌‌in‌‌–ing.‌‌Mark‌‌the‌‌answer‌‌that‌‌explains‌‌the‌‌proper‌‌
 

use‌‌of‌‌–ing‌‌ending.‌  ‌

If‌‌a‌‌verb‌‌comes‌‌after‌‌a‌‌determiner‌‌such‌‌as‌‌THE,‌‌the‌‌verb‌‌ends‌‌in‌‌–ing‌‌as‌‌in‌‌the‌‌
 

findings.‌  ‌

a)‌‌Timing‌‌is‌‌in‌‌the‌‌present‌‌continuous‌‌tense.‌  ‌
b)‌‌Preventing‌‌shows‌‌that‌‌if‌‌a‌‌preposition‌‌is‌‌followed‌‌by‌‌a‌‌verb,‌‌the‌‌verb‌‌ends‌‌in‌‌–ing.‌  ‌

c)‌‌Only‌‌offspring‌‌is‌‌a‌‌noun‌‌ending‌‌in‌‌-ing.‌  ‌

d)‌‌None‌‌of‌‌the‌‌explanations‌‌are‌‌right.‌  ‌

8-‌‌‌The‌‌companies‌‌are‌‌expanding‌‌their‌‌business‌‌and‌‌they‌‌__________‌‌all‌‌the‌‌help‌‌
 

they‌‌can‌‌get.‌‌So‌‌they‌‌__________‌‌several‌‌people.‌  ‌

a)‌‌need‌‌–‌‌are‌‌employing‌  ‌

b)‌‌are‌‌needing‌‌–‌‌are‌‌employing‌  ‌

c)‌‌needed‌‌–‌‌are‌‌employing‌  ‌

d)‌‌are‌‌to‌‌need‌‌–‌‌employed‌  ‌

e)‌‌needing‌‌–‌‌employ‌  ‌

9-‌‌We‌‌went‌‌____‌‌the‌‌beach‌‌____‌‌get‌‌a‌‌tan.‌  ‌

a)‌‌to‌‌-‌‌for‌  ‌

b)‌‌to‌‌-‌‌to‌  ‌

c)‌‌for‌‌-‌‌to‌  ‌

d)‌‌for‌‌-‌‌for‌  ‌

10-‌‌‌I:‌‌Was‌‌that‌‌the‌‌9‌‌o'clock‌‌train?‌  ‌

II:‌‌Yes,‌‌you‌‌___________‌‌it.‌  ‌

a)‌‌have‌‌just‌‌miss‌  ‌

b)‌‌has‌‌just‌‌missed‌  ‌

c)‌‌have‌‌just‌‌missed‌  ‌
d)‌‌had‌‌just‌‌miss‌  ‌

e)‌‌have‌‌just‌‌missing‌  ‌

11-‌‌‌____________‌‌Beatty‌‌usually‌‌____________‌‌what‌‌she‌‌wants?‌  ‌

a)‌‌Do/get‌  ‌

b)‌‌Does/gets‌  ‌

c)‌‌Does/get‌  ‌

d)‌‌was/got‌  ‌

e)‌‌is/got‌  ‌

12-‌‌ ‌“______‌‌they‌‌______‌‌the‌‌dishes‌‌to‌‌help‌‌their‌‌parents?”‌  ‌

“Yes,‌‌they‌‌_______.”‌  ‌

a)‌‌Does‌‌-‌‌wash‌‌-‌‌do‌  ‌

b)‌‌Do‌‌-‌‌washes‌‌-‌‌do‌  ‌

c)‌‌Does‌‌-‌‌washes‌‌-‌‌do‌  ‌

d)‌‌Do‌‌-‌‌wash‌‌-‌‌do‌  ‌

e)‌‌Does‌‌-‌‌wash‌‌-‌‌does‌  ‌

13-‌‌‌Which‌‌option‌‌correctly‌‌completes‌‌the‌‌text‌‌below?‌  ‌

The‌‌Rosetta‌‌Stone‌ 

"Egyptian‌‌hieroglyphic‌‌________________‌‌undeciphered‌‌until‌‌the‌‌19th‌‌century.‌‌
 

Members‌‌of‌‌Napoleon’s‌‌Egyptian‌‌expedition‌‌of‌‌1799________________a‌‌black‌‌
 

basalt‌‌stone,‌‌______________‌‌114‌‌x‌‌72‌‌cm,‌‌at‌‌Rashid‌‌(Rosetta).‌‌The‌‌stone‌‌
 
___________‌‌with‌‌three‌‌different‌‌scripts:‌‌hieroglyphic,‌‌the‌‌derived‌‌demotic‌‌
 

script,_________________‌‌everyday‌‌purposes,‌‌and‌‌Greek.‌‌(...)”‌  ‌

a)‌‌remained‌‌-‌‌discovered‌‌-‌‌measuring‌‌-‌‌was‌‌carved‌‌-‌‌used‌‌for‌  ‌

b)‌‌remained‌‌-‌‌had‌‌discovered‌‌-‌‌measuring‌‌-‌‌carved‌‌-‌‌used‌‌to‌  ‌

c)‌‌had‌‌remained‌‌-‌‌had‌‌discovered‌‌-‌‌measured‌‌-‌‌is‌‌carved‌‌-‌‌using‌‌to‌  ‌

d)‌‌had‌‌remained‌‌-‌‌discovered‌‌-‌‌measured‌‌-‌‌was‌‌carved‌‌-‌‌uses‌‌for‌  ‌

e)‌‌could‌‌remain‌‌-‌‌discovered‌‌-‌‌measuring‌‌-‌‌would‌‌carve‌‌-‌‌uses‌‌for‌  ‌

14-‌B
‌ ob‌‌and‌‌I‌‌used‌‌____‌‌play‌‌tennis‌‌on‌‌Mondays.‌  ‌

a)‌‌to‌  ‌

b)‌‌for‌  ‌

15-‌‌‌Brazil‌‌Protests‌‌Execution‌‌of‌‌Rights‌‌Activist‌‌Marielle‌‌Franco‌  ‌

While‌‌the‌‌World‌‌Social‌‌Forum‌‌is‌‌taking‌‌place‌‌in‌‌Brazil‌‌this‌‌week,‌‌thousands‌‌of‌‌
 

Brazilians‌‌marched‌‌to‌‌protest‌‌the‌‌execution‌‌of‌‌Marielle‌‌Franco,‌‌a‌‌prominent‌‌social‌‌
 

leader,‌‌human‌‌rights‌‌activist‌‌and‌‌councilwoman.‌  ‌

Franco‌‌was‌‌shot‌‌and‌‌killed‌‌in‌‌Rio‌‌de‌‌Janeiro‌‌Wednesday‌‌night‌‌by‌‌unknown‌‌gunmen‌‌
 

along‌‌with‌‌her‌‌driver‌‌Anderson‌‌Pedro‌‌Gomes,‌‌while‌‌her‌‌advisor‌‌was‌‌injured.‌  ‌

Being‌‌a‌‌young‌‌Black‌‌Brazilian‌‌who‌‌grew‌‌up‌‌in‌‌a‌‌favela,‌‌Franco‌‌became‌‌one‌‌of‌‌
 

Brazil's‌‌prominent‌‌defenders‌‌of‌‌human‌‌rights,‌‌focusing‌‌on‌‌the‌‌impoverished‌‌favelas‌‌
 

that‌‌are‌‌often‌‌the‌‌target‌‌of‌‌gang‌‌and‌‌militias‌‌violence.‌  ‌

The‌‌day‌‌before‌‌she‌‌was‌‌murdered,‌‌Marielle‌‌complained‌‌about‌‌the‌‌violence‌‌in‌‌the‌‌city‌‌
 

in‌‌a‌‌post‌‌on‌‌her‌‌personal‌‌Twitter‌‌account.‌‌In‌‌the‌‌post,‌‌she‌‌questioned‌‌the‌‌action‌‌of‌‌
 

the‌‌Military‌‌Police.‌‌"One‌‌more‌‌homicide‌‌of‌‌a‌‌young‌‌man‌‌who‌‌may‌‌be‌‌coming‌‌in‌‌for‌‌
 

the‌‌PM's‌‌account...‌‌How‌‌many‌‌more‌‌will‌‌have‌‌to‌‌die‌‌for‌‌this‌‌war‌‌to‌‌end?"‌  ‌
What‌‌did‌‌you‌‌understand‌‌about‌‌this‌‌text?‌‌Please‌‌right‌‌down‌‌your‌‌opinion‌‌at‌‌least‌‌10‌‌
 

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