Maharashtra State | Board of Technical Education Certificate This is to certify that Mr. / Ms Ching. Ragiv. Mhadsur.. Roll No oe of Third/Fourth Semester of Diploma in Mechanica Fogingexing.......... of Institute MES. Pelytecnic..... (Code... )0.4........) has completed the term work satisfactorily in course Theory of Machines (22438) for the academic year 20..19..to 20.2.0 as prescribed in the curriculum. Place .Chembux Enrollment No...L8.0004.0.362 Date: Exam Seat No. ..404606 Course Teacher Head of the Departrient Principal canned WI amscannerTheory of Machines (22438) Contents List of Practicals arid Progressive Assessment Sheet eves | Daied | Reorke iow vree ‘ment | sign, of | (if amy) Practical Outcome UNo. | performance wrks(25)|_tencher “Measure the ratio of time of | stroke in shaping machine | available in institute's | workshop by varying the stroke length. Following > activities need to be cutting tok to the return ra | performed: (Part 1& ID timate important kinematic data related to following ‘mechanisms and sketch them. a) Bicycle free wheel sprocket | mechanism b) Geneva mechanism Estimate important kinematic data related to following mechanisms and sketch them. 4,| a) Ackerman’s steering gear mechanism b) Foot operated air pump mechanism ‘Determine velocity acceleration of various links of the given mechanism (any two) | 5 | bY relative velocity method for analysis of motion of links (Minimum 2 problems on A2 size drawing sheet). Determine velocity and acceleration in an LC. engine's slider crank «,| mechanism by Kleins construction (Minimum | problems on A2 size drawing | sheet)‘Theory of Machines (22438) ae (eof ‘Assess [Dated | Remarks de 7,| Draw profile of a radial cam | *| for given follower type to | obtain the desired follower motion (Minimum 2 problems | 24 ak on A2 size drawing sheet). Part T&il | Estimate slip, length of belt, 9,{ angle of contact in an open and | 49 as cross belt drive. i Calculate breaking torque required in different breakes at 10.| different speeds and load 36 situations, Assemble and dissemble | different clutches, (Part 1) (Part I) 41 | ML 12, ‘Measure radius and height of any two types of governors for different rotational speeds, | 13.| mass of balls and spring 47 |_| stiffness (in spring loaded governors) Perform balancing of rotating | 14.) unbalanced system 54 | Total Note: To be transferred to Proforma of CIAAN-2017. ‘Maharashira state Board of Technical Education Scanned with Camscanner‘Theory of Machine (2248) Practical No.1&2: Measurement of Rat I. 11, ly. VI. of Time of Cutting Stroke to Return Stroke Practical Significance Quick return mechanism used in a shaper machine is an important and useful inversion of single slider crank mechanism. Knowing its working and its features is essential for a diploma engineer. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) PO 2. Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering knowledge to solve broad-based mechanical engineering related problems. PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practi results to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems. PO 8.Individual and team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member in dliverse/ multidisciplinary teams. io use the ‘Competency and Skills This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency + Use principles of kinematics and dynamics in maintenance of various equipment. Identify the components of the quick return mechanism used in shaper machine. Adjust stroke length of the quick return mechanism by varying crank radius using spanner and other tools. Measure time of stroke using appropriate instrument. Relevant Course Outcome(s) * Identify various links in popular mechanisms. Practical Outcome Measure the ratio of time of cutting stroke to the return stroke in shaping machine available in institute's workshop by varying the stroke length Relevant Affective Domain related Outeomes a. Follow safety practices. b. Practice good housekeeping. c. Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member, d. Maintain tools and equipment. e, Follow ethical Practices. Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education Canned Wi amocannerTheory of Machine (22438) vu | Background inversions of Single Knowledge of Single Crank Mechanism, its links and pairs , inve slider crank mechanism Vu. By, Figure 1 is schematic of the quick return mechanism used in shape 2 is typical shaper maciine available in the workshop of « polytechnic mental setup machine and figure Cutting Tool Too! Feed Stroke Return Stroke (omar dtnce) F3 Figure 1 :Schematic of the quick return mechanism used in shaper machine Maharashtra state Bourd of Technical Education 7 scanned with Camscanner‘Theory of Machine (22438) (1 ee IX. Resources Required S.No. | Name of Resource | Suggested Broad Specification | Quantity | 7. | Shaper machine ‘Available in institute's 1 workshop 2 ‘Stop watch Mechanical stopwatch 1 3 Steel rule —__Tmiength ‘a| oem 4. | Spanner set, hammer and Available in workshop I mallet = =| 5. Tachometer “Mechanical or optical type of 1 tachometer X. Precautions to be followed: 1. Due safety precautions while operating a shaper machine. ‘XL Procedure 1. Open the cover plate of shaper machine to observe the mechanism. 2. Rotate the bull gear manually and identify the various kinematic links and pairs formed among them. a. Marka point on body of machine and ram. b. Start the machine and observe the movement of ram in cutting and idle stroke. c. Note down the movement of point on ram with respect to point on body of machine, this gives stroke length. d. Note down time required for cutting stroke and idle stroke. e, Now, adjust the stroke length by varying the radius of the crank. f. In order to adjust the position of the ram, the ram fixing screw is loosened. The ram is moved to the required position and the screw is tightened again. Again measure the time required for completion of cutting and idle stroke length h. Close the cover plate and ensure the proper working of the machine. i, Tabulate the observations. XI. Resources Used Name __ Broad Specifications fity | Remarks | No. | Resource | Make Details (ifany) 1. [Stopwatch Mechanica * li S STOPLONLE TY Oo. 2, [steer a —| gata be Im tength o4 | 3. [Tacho® MeChaniCal oF re roetes: optical oo “Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education - scanned with Camscanner‘Theory of Machine (22438) XIII. Actual Procedure Followed XD XV. Observations and Calculations a. Ide ication of kinematic pair Name of First Link | Name of Second Link | Type of Kinematic pair Slotted link (rank Turning pate Cvank Connecting vod | Tusning Pate b. Ratio of cutting to idle e Connecting vod | Sitde O10 ~ Siew Slotted ink Si? Turning Pare Time @) Details | Cutting | Retymn Stroke | Siroke : _| Rese UeSetrsed 4-5 eae \aseclinsec| 1-545 Calculations Calculations of time ratios fax.R&adiing.. ¥ Minimum two readings are to be recorded by adjusting the crank radius. PNB... LA M9... EEOC AER SO. ALT nguiot ¥O KE farn.st TOE ‘Maharashira state Board of Technical Education canned Wi amocanner“Theory of Machine (22438) = XVI. Results } XVII. Interpretation of Results IEG. Wa e.Meor..ot XVIII. Conclusions XIX. Practical Related Questions 1. List the link of which the motion is constrained in the quick return mechanism in a shaper machine. 2. List the sliding and turning pairs in the quick return mechanism. 3. State the procedure of changing the length of cutting stroke of the quick return mechanism. [Space for Answers] cS NHR FOL. K. eetgesvesbasntaaton?= LOD DOLE NG. TA ecresnnssesne F.0d... ANG...SIR.OY, §), “Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education scanned with CamscannerSe yg a nent ee a Sr (22438) ANS 3)... Ruck, Re buxn QP ROR MMS 2b On PRODU CE ule POOR. LM dbSc. eee Si J285..200.40... sel DAMN LORD Gh DLK.E. ¢ XX" References / Suggestions for Further Reading hups://www.youtube.com/watchv=nZCSvbuVU6E XXI_ Assessment Scheme Performance Indicators Weightage Process Related (10 Marks) (40%) 1_| Handling of the measuring Instruments 30% [2 Calculation of final readings 10% Product Related (15 Marks) _| 60%) | 3 Interpretation of result 20% 4 Conclusions 20% 5 Practical related questions (| __20% {___ Total (25 Marks) NOOR TAN) Names of Student Team Members 1. Amey. Rane. 2. Patten. Perma: 3. Chaag. Thakds 4. Sushi bmurh- Marks Obtained Dated signature of $5 Teacher Process | Product | Total Related(10) | Related(15) | (25) \o \A 2m ‘Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education canned Wi amocanner“Theory of Machine (2438) Practical N celeration in Mechanisms: Velocity and A 1, Practical Significance Determination of velocity and acceleration of the links is essential for calculation of forves acting on those Links in various mechanisms. I, _ Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) PO 2. Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering knowledge to solve broad-based mechanical engineering related problems. PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems. IIL, Competency and Skills i This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency ‘Use principles of kinematics and dynamics in maintenance of various equipment. 1, Calculate angular velocity and linear velocity ofa link using given data. 2, Draw velocity and acceleration polygon. 3. Determine angular and linear velocity and angular and linear acceleration of a link using velocity and acceleration polygons. IV. _ Relevant Course Outcome(s) * Determine velocity and acceleration ofa link in a given mechanism. VI. _ Practical Outcome Determine velocity and acceleration of various links of given mechanism by relative velocity method for analysis of motion of links VII. Relevant Affective Domai 1) Follow safety practices. 2) Practice good housekeeping 3) Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member. 4) Maintain tools and equipment. 5) Follow ethical Practices Unrelated Outcomes VIII. Minimum Theoretical Background Knowledge of Various Mechanism and its links, Velocity and Acceleration analysis using Relative velocity Method ‘Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education 3B — Scanned with Camscanneru) u y fe) ‘Theory of Machine (22438) XV. Precautions Followed ME OMLI ROS. ud PLB UILR.5.R.FLL XVI. Observations and Calculations a, Leugths of various links ‘Name of the Link Caank oA Connecting Red! AB sitdey B b. Angular speed of crank * Minimum two readings of angular velocities are to be recorded. N=2000Pm Wao = 20M . LkNK200-< oe) ROS = 20-8 ods “Anguias velocity of Crank OA= 20-44 rad/s Calculations Calculation of angular, linear velocities and accelerations of various links ‘Maharashtra state Board of Technical EducationTheory of Machine (22438) Conclusions LP DAS ott AYnenltt..SEUdLGd,..AQUa.¢0.£5.04..0ME MENRCK Ln OUNG QLCCO LOA... Cf. TECDAD ISA USOG. LOE ME ME ADCRLY..8.tb.00, Practical Related Questions Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers should design more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. 1, Calculate angular or linear velocities of various links. 2, Calculate angular or linear acceleration of various links. [Space for Answers] DAC. VELOCE LY Of acl FOO OA Yao. Pesce tare AO mn GUase ERC ne Fe db EDLR TeV C106 Sit}. Prn CORMELLENG.204..A.B. AC BDIKS CONG oun Saree nen OES ee VA.& 2). A. AGUIAR... WAB,T vu. vu. ‘Theory of Machine (22438) (@) Kilica’s acceleration diagram Minimum Theoretical Background Velocity and acceleration of links in mechanism and procedure of Klein's construction. Experimental setup t ON mee at ate Pay car cores sc . Y SE Aue Meg hele me Si tear Me Gay a (8) Velocity diagram (c) Acceleration diagram, ‘Khien’s construction AMM cO.07.0REX. AONE sah AD-Sucbe FEMI. BES. IX. Resources Required [ S.No. Name of Resource | Suggested Broad Specification | Quantity 1 Drawing Board D2 size 1 2 | ___ Drawing sheet AB or Ad size i a Mini drafter, steel rule (30 cm), leach | sets squares X. Precautions ‘Maharashira state Board of Technical Education 19 scanned with CamscannerTheory of Machine (22438) XI. Procedure 1, Draw the configuration diagram of the given slider crank mechanism (0 some suitable scale, 2. Klein's velocity diagram: Draw OM perpendicular to OP and extend it 0 line PC produced at M The triangle OCM is the required velocity diagram Velocity of piston or slider P is given as, Vp" ax OM Other velocities are given as, Veo = @ x OC and Vpe = @ x CM 3. Klein's acceleration diagram: In the configuration diagram drawn already, First of all draw a circle with C as center and CM as radius. Draw another circle with PC as diameter and D (mid-point of PC) as center. This circle intersects previously drawn circle at point K and L Join KL and produce it to intersect PO at N. Let KL intersect PC at Q. Quadrilateral CQNO is the required acceleration diagram. Acceleration of piston (or slider) P is given as, fersect a) = @? x NO Different radial and tangential components are given as, 4. Important points to remember: i) Acceleration of piston P is zero when point N coincides with center O. At this moment the velocity is maximum. This occurs when the angle between crank OC and connecting rod PC is slightly less than 90°. ii) If point N lies to the right side of O, at this moment of crank rotation, the acceleration of piston is negative i.e. it is undergoing retardation. XII. Resources Used Quantity | Remarks | [S| Name of | Broad Specifications ] _No| Resource | Make Details (any) | | Tenees = AX sxe 2 | [2 [Pr Cod Do size Ni 4 [Blpvetiev 5 , XIII. Actual Procedure Followed Maharashira state Board of Technic! Education 20 canned Wi amscannert d Dae / / ' i nite F eR arene IO draw the conf tguxation diagram of the Sven _sitdev cs a at 2 B ___|@ _kiten’s velocity dtagrac: 4 omm| — oe and extend at 16 naewserr Wne PC produced tt M— ___||_ tne t2fangi@ ocm ane renutsed yolociey diagram. pi Velocity of Poston or Sides Pit Aven Q a ie _vP= xomM a _Othes velocities are giver a = | = Veo WxoC Ond Vpe= toxcem anne fag. a | = Soa oi ae Sch 4 x 1 pel iotib PF Gs dlametes And + coorey This Circle Tntessecis: a a | and produce % 16 Snressecr POGr pn Let ki” _pision Cox sides) ? $s given a Qp = to xno DrpPerent xwodiul And tongentiar components. Qae_ giyOn a er dros not apr = wt x MC atpe = Ww xNQ scanned with CamscannerPractical No.7& 8: Cam Profile L Practical Significance imouon: Cam followers are used for conversion of rotary m These are widely used in machines, engines and mechat desired motion of the follower. 1 into translatory io le determines nisms. Cam profil II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) ° PO 2, Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering broad-based mechanical engineering related problems. periments and practices (0 Us owledge to solve the PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform ex results to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems IL. Competency and Skills This practical is expected to develop the foll f competency “* Use principles of kinematics and dynamics i” various equipment. 1. Select suitable cam and follower fora given application to obtain desired 2. Select the type of motion to the follower for a given application. 3. Draw dispiacement diagram of the follower. Draw the cam profile. lowing skills for the industry identified ‘maintenance of jotion. IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s) Analyze the motion of cams and followers. Practical Outcome Draw profile of a radial cam for given follower type to obtain the desired follower motion VL Relevant Affective Domai 1) Follow safety practices. 2) Practice good housekeeping 3) Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member. 4) Maintain tools and equipment. Unrelated Outeomes VIL. Minimum Theoretical Background Classification of Cams and Followers, Applications of Cams and Followers, Types of follower motions and their displacement diagrams - Uniform velocity, Simple harmonic motion, uniform acceleration and retardation Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education a canned Wi am. cannerOO Se Theory of Machine (22438) Procedure erent motions of (Solve any 4 problems with different cams and follower with differ follower) 8. Procedure for Displacement Diagram Draw a semi-circle on the follower stroke as diameter. Divide the semi-circle into any number of even equal parts (say eigh?) at Divide the angular displacements of the cam during out stroke and return str into the same number of equal parts. The displacement diagram is obtained by projecting the points Procedure for drawing cam profile . Draw a base circle with radius equal to the minimum radius of the cam Check the axis of the follower passesfoffsets through the axis of the cam shat therefore mark trace point From Crank, locate the angle of Rise, dwell and fal as per the displacement diagram 4, Divide the angular displacements during outstroke and return stroke 5. Joins points with centre «O° 6. Join the points with smooth curve, The curve is known as * Cam Profile’ Name of Broad Specifications a 7 Quantity | Remarks Resource [Make [Deis | = (fany) | + | Deawing boar d | Al S370 [Deawing sheet |A2 o A i | oA = | [Mot peattey| | 30cm. Actual Procedure Followed Same..05..C8VeN: XIV. Precautions Followed “AN GLA...£.00, 096 P89... NADAIENG..04...A%AWTLO6, wo SYST ELUM LOS. - = = i ‘Maharashtra state Board of Technical EducationProblem3 fentre | BEdQCR aie “Type of eam Radiat [aadtar pRadtcc Type of follower | Roves Roley Gomm | Comm 4 Offset of cam : id ADEs DORIS 1-3) Follower motion with an; THO noth Go cov) 58 aH | 5 | Follower motion with ang! Braet een uncon oe of cam (Acceleration, Bho (umbs 60 (sre) 0 CH dwell, deceleration) _ eso [Pao [oo Minimum radius of cam Qomm | Somm 160 mn Rollerradius nS Pe & | Anyother Information XVI. Results As moenviened....2 XVII. Interpretation of Results TAS mentioned....0.0..S.R.0Q4 XVII. Conclusions 1420... CD10 A.0...A RCI. PROLTE.OL. Ch. 2.GAT.C.)., £0100... foa.Ggiven..PeNowe?... cae DAOALDOAS.... SUC... S$. STOW. 3 >. Rew and Uniform velocity Practical Related Questions Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers should design ‘more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. 1. State the types of motions of followers. 2. List the any four applications of cams in the Machinery/equipments ra stale Board of Fechnica! EducationPAO. Gefank O1LOWE. srnnnnnnn i o.llaswex. Gurs.des. ALE Oy QM Ta.ans.iodi.og. f BID OMID OS. A O.MO.W2. SOMOLRAG.. i ONDA AP LOD MOR Mice OL.0x4,..KQOLLL! Cee AAO. PxO.dO LOMA. .CSCAMALARY..COOLTER.. soa LO MORLEY. ng AD Bei LOM QHAOK nL Si GAMO AS. OSIM OAR Geo L Aare KOLB ANOS Ej PChd NAN POM: Ja LALO. LAO ETA fa cob MM 20M. cbldAO5. {i J..M).0.4.00)... 44d (vil). SPR mong, 1) PAR ORIAE COA OR LEOT AL LOD un ‘Maharashira state Board of Technical Education‘Theory of Machine (22438) XX References | Suggestions for https:/Avww.youtube.com/ ws hitps://www.youtube.comvwateh?v=alqkyHIOY As Assessment Scheme Performance Indicators Process Related (10 Marks) Handling of the measuring Instruments Calculation of final readings Product Related (15 Marks) Interpretation of result Conclusions Practical related questions Total (25 Marks) Names of Student Team Members Arey ROoe. Padilo..2.cracmers ChRa hg Tbaisuy.. Sus.b3). DASDoweh Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher Process | Product Related(10) | Related(15) Ne) A Maharashtra state Board of Technical Educationi a cs Theory of Machine (22438) = Measurement of Parameters of Belt Drive Practical No. 1 Practical Significance ¢ measured for the lip in belt drives is an undesirable phenomenon, Ie needs to be measured 1 te i etrical parametet stimation of performance of a machine using the belt drive. Geometrical pa : are essential for selection oF of belt such as length of belt and angle of contact, appropriate belt for a given application HM, Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) PO 2, Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering kn broad-based mechanical engineering related problems, jowledge to solve PO 3. Experiments and practice; Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems. PO 8. Individual and team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member in diverse/ multidis ciplinary teams. HL. Competeney and Skills This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency ‘Use principles of kinematics and dynamics in maintenance of various equipment.” 1. Measurement of angular speed using tachometer. 2. Computation of slip using measured speeds 3. Computation of le ven formula. ath of belt using IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s) ‘+ Select relevant belts, chains and drives for different applications Practical Outcome Measure slip, length of belt, angle of contact in an open and cross belt drive. VI. _ Relevant Affective Domain Unrelated Outcomes 1) Follow safety practices. 2) Practice good housekeeping. 3) Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member, 4) Maintain tools and equipment Minimum Theoretical Background To transmit power from one shaft to another, Pulleys are mounted on the shaft. The pulleys are connected by endless belt passing over the pulleys. The connecting belt is ept in tension so that motion of pulley is transferred to other without slip. The speed of driven shaft can be varied by varying the diameters of two pulleys. “Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education Stannec wit CamscannerTheory of Machine (22438) IX. Resources Required eal ee Suggested Broad Specification |e tity | T] Beldrive test | A test bench comprising of following 1 bench pulleys, bells, electrical motor, arrangement | for adjusting belt tensions and regulating | speed ofthe driving motor and a suitable | | mounting frame ee etiam eee ones | | Tench wil isizoen momrearydasen! «| | Hence the institutes are advised to purchase Any suitable bench for measuring the siip of bo | ~ 2 | Tachometer Precautions to be followed. 1. Carefully adjust the tension on Belt 2. Take care during measurement of speed Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education scanned with CamscannerTs CEOS et ne ‘Theory of Machine (22438) E mee Procedure 1. Ensure proper electric supply to it 2. Switch on the machine, Observe power transmission from driving to driven shafldram. Measure the speed of the driving shaft using a digital (or analogue) tachometer. Note the reading. Measure the speed of the driven shaft in the same manner. Switch off the machine. Measure the diameters (radius) of the driving and driven pulley Measure the centre distance between the drums/pulleys err aws XII. Resources Used S. | Name of Quantity | Remarks No. | Resource | Make Details | (ifany) 1 [eet Drive | pear ¢ Seng af oune ol 2. [test bench] peu cieristleu\ eater t 3. Fechoroeret o! J ‘XIII. Actual Procedure Followed XIV. Precautions Followed -Q.CaReSUNy.. .QdUSA...be..LROSEON...0.0, R-EIE B..TRSE,..CORE....durfOg,... MERRUBEMENL..F..S.PREA XV. Observations and Calculations Speed of pulley cer of Pulle} Centre Distance Driver Driven Driver | Driven | Cmm | D1 mm) (D2 mm) no go 1000 Speed of driven pulley without slip =(N2)= 115 0%Q™) — a Using Formula for velocity ratio, (N2) theoretical = NI * DI/D2 ~ $20K 28 =..120.Q. rpm. Speed of driven pulley N2 = 1180... rpm. (from above table) rarashira state Board of Technical Education a 3 ial canned WI amscanner‘Theory of Machine (22438) XIV. Practical Related Questions ait should design Note; Below given are few sample questions for reference. te i ‘more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified Questions {Space for Answers} ‘ D.SAOKE.ANE.. ROMMEL. MARNIE. c.0A29 fini AO RENAS.. cst mae 2), oi Cexensare...heLween.. PRE. BR. DAL ou “And..CHOSS ALAN Dale: Answers. e 5 .Poramerers.Ponnseletiion © sreed..wesutaed.. B..Roso8.10,.b2.A2Ansmtiee, a e &. Lengah...dva.Rabre...Retweeo.thO.. AOE. AO. CODARES:.. DATRLATON OL ALLL cal @.51%2.00.00...b.2.N 2 AOR. NG... CandS.A8 On, 42... CRS hn ) |_ceen pers dsive (5.055. bit drive: O.veloctty. ano. FS DI GM iced OMOIRELY, RAL. POA.CONLONS. =. BUCK SOsOS, 2.8.2. POS.11S, rashira state Board of Technical Education‘Theory of Machine (22438) XX_ References | Suggestions for Further Reading ‘© _https://vww.youtube.com/watch?v=NPjenImIGbQ + _https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq35SP5IQOs XXL. Assessment Scheme ndicators Process Related (10 Marks) Handling of the measuring Instruments Calculation of final readings Product Related (15 Marks) Interpretation of result ‘Conclusions Practical related questions Total (25 Marks) Names of Student Team Members 1. .Amey..Rane, 2. Pakter Parmar 3. .Chkxag. Thakur... 4, Sustfi)..Desheourty are Dated signature of ‘Teacher | | Process Product Related(10) | Related(15) ae Ke ‘Maharashtra state Board of Technical Educationa a a or RR Theory of Machine (22438) Practical No.10: Braking Torque in Brakes I. Practical Significance A brake is a device used to exert frictional resistance over a moving body to stop or retard it within a short time period. In braking action, the kinetic energy of moving body is absorbed. In a two wheeler, mechanically operated brake is commonly is used to brake the motion of wheel Tl Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) PO 2. Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering knowledge to solve broad-based mechanical engineering related problems. PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems. PO 8. Individual and team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member in diverse/ multidisciplinary teams, III. Competency and Skills This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency “ Use principles of kinematics and dynamics in maintenance of various equipment. IV. _ Relevant Course Outcome(s) + Select relevant brakes and clutches for various applications Y. Practical Outcome * Calculate breaking torque required in different breaks at different speeds and load situations, Vi. Relevant Affective Domain Unrelated Outcomes | 1 Follow safety practices. 2 Practice good housekeeping 3 Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member. 4 Maintain tools and equipment. 5 Follow ethical Practices. VII. Minimum Theoretical Background A Brake is used to apply frictional resistance to a moving body to stop or retard it by absorbing its Kinetic Energy. When the brake pedal is pressed, brake shoes expand or move outwards and get pressed against the inner surface of the brake drum. The force of friction applied to the rotating drum’ produces a brake torque in the opposite direction, which retards or stops the rotating wheel. ‘Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education aa = eS scanned with CamscannerTheory of Machine (22438) VIII. Experimental setup Resources Req ame of Resource Suggested Broad Specification | Quantity Brake performance test rig Precautions to be followed Clean the brake drum surface Note the reading PAABaAype Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education Check the tension on Band belt Measure the Speed of Brake drum with the help of tachometer A test bench comprising of following drum, flat belt, electrical motor, arrangement for adjustingé& measuring belt tensions and regulating speed of the driving motor and a suitable | mounting frame Note:- Various manufacturers offer such test bench with their own proprietary design. Hence the institutes are advised to. | purchase any suitable bench for measuring the slip of be! __ Range 0 to 3000RPM Apply Load manually over Drum with the help of band Note down the Readings of Load measuring scale ( Tight and Slack side) Note down the speed under loaded condition Take three more readings for different loads 01 7 Scanned with CamScannerXI. Procedure 1) Check the zero reading over load 2) Switch ‘ON’ the Supply of motor measuring scale XI. Res ees Used ‘ks: Ss. me of Specifications ‘Quantity raises No. | Resource ___ Detaiis ae ERE Ra fambejstng a im 2h|Pa ; at be It lage (2 Peed forse oye = XIII. Actual Procedure Followed XV. Observations and Calculations Radius of Brake drum= mm. Sr | Load on Measuring | Load on Measuring | Drum Speed | Remark | No | Scale (Tight side) Scale (Slack side) I TiKe 1: Kg 1 tr = 15 ° 2200 | 2 2; 5 © 90 }2200] Of Fe 6 50 | Calculations Braking Torque = Fy R Nmm Fy = Tangential Braking Force N R =Radii of the Brake Drum mm = | 40 pore. Fr= (T1-Ty) = CF'95-2) K9°81 = 46-0255m1 1, =Tension on Tight side ‘Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education 5 canned with CamscannerTheory of Machine (22438) Tt \sion on Slack side T/T, =e" = Coeff, of Friction © =Angle of Contact Braking Torque = |064/*35 N.mm XVII. Interpretation of Results XVII. Conclusions YWVE..WEFE.. ADIL. 10 PLLEEIMEA...6.0...BRAISING....1 OFA. io. Braxes, 7 . : XVIIL Practical Related Questions Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers should design ‘more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. 1) List Different types of Brakes 2) State the significance of Braking Torque [Space for Answers] POX POA RESO BASUEOS. NS. AS. LOWS QD. BlOCK..08.. S22. BAR cnr O, DAME. SLOG... SHEE...baAkE @.Baod...baare- O©..O8s6..brok2: @.Band..€..Ploc. baie... ». 2)... BRAKES .A.CAOMO 8S cthO. £08... LPPNEA...t. the. co PBARC MODEC). AG. SLOP ANG. OAORTOD OP AAO... SOLO LVR CORR A SSUITNG, ADE... OR OKLUOD.... CODD. Lo. S LoX.AHE..LUUTLMLOTS....LEP.COMSLAM Lng... DIAKE havios harashtra state Board of Technical Education 9Theory of Machine (22438) Practical No. 11&12: Assembly and Disassembly of Clutches Practical Significance Clutches are used in for engaging and disengaging the prime over and power transmission systems. ‘These are commonly used in most of the automobiles and many industrial systems Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) PO 2, Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering knowledge to solve broad-based mechanical engineering related problems. PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems. PO 8. Individual and team work: Function effectively as a teader and team member in diverse/ multidisciplinary teams Competency and Skills This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency ‘+ Use principles of kinematics and dynamics in maintenance of various equipment. Relevant Course Outcome(s) ect relevant brakes and clutches for various applications Practical Outcome Assemble and dissemble different clutches Relevant Affective Domain Unrelated Outeomes: Follow safety practices. Practice good housekeeping, Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member. 4. Maintain tools and equipment. Minimum Theoretical Background The clutch dise is connected to the input shaft of the transmission, and is located between the flywheel and clutch cover assembly. The flywheel is connected to the engine crankshaft and the clutch cover assembly is attached to the flywl Clutch release fork forces the clutch release bearing the clutch cover assembly. heel. The against the diaphragm spring of “Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education‘Theory of Machine 22438) a VIII. Experi OU ntal setup 2 teh Govey Assombiy sien Release Beating eon \ oni Engine ‘ ten Dad / \ raphvaghn Spring \ ‘ Cchten Release Fork ‘ IX. — Resources Required | agested Broad Specification | Quantity | , t rT i } mel } ‘ Precautions to be followed 1. Due safety precautions while dismantling the clutch. ' 2. Carefully handle the different tools 1 XI. Procedure 1 1 Clean the single plate clutch thoroughly. 2 Carefully dismantle the single plate clutch step by step. ‘ 3. Arrange the components sequentially in a clean tray during dismantling process. 1 4 Note constructional features of each part and its role in working of clutch. 5 Loosely assemble the components in the clutch housing and observe the changes ‘ occurring inside i 6 The assembly during engagement and disengagement. 7 Observe and understand the mechanism of power transmission. 8 Reassemble the unit and ensure its smooth working. XII. Resources Used ie | Name of | Broad Specifications — Quantity | Remarks Resource Make Details ‘ | (fany) Single Patch ue | Cu ae a [chute | ie | —_ | L iTeo' Box ere od l Maharashira state Board of Technical Edueation scanned with Camscanner] Theory of Machine (22438) XIII. Actual Procedure Followed XIV. Precautions Followed ON. SOCeAy..PnAcoWLEAns...WnhIe...d. @..Conefuity..haodte...abe..diPferear....es.:. XV. Observations and Calculations a. Enlist all the parts of Single plate clutch with its Function a Name of Part Functions Figwheer [FP TS @MecANTeAT deve STETANy designed | £0 ePfrctenuy sox votational nes Turh plate [sts used Tm VEMCIeS 16 Allow THE LeQnsmisit or long Facion peut shalt, aot engin? xerun of te tne Sener spiaiicg ao PoPssu Pressure RIMS V5 Used to transfer (tO Soa Reece generated bY engine to Church Sat on oP INS SPITS To OAH RIGUS Spesems [HEINE PeHGIEN And coven plore BBO RON EERE wy Peiease [eines te mek Rp pueseae bee away uss Ages Clutch dt a 6 wocg Chath: Tart share engages and misorgagos | Poss LIansmission BsPeECaNy om Shaft, Maiving Shalt Lo daiveo shaft Throst Atupe ot bears thar heaps rete ote) ed vesistS Ahsust at ihe Same 1?me alten Vstd 16 CONNG A POWHY SOU 1S Dee WwHALeVEY Ihe Power Sour 1S driving. Method of” 1 eto dIsengage ITE | 4 |Pesac Cea Merete rage ton po} EAS Sn “otaia he wet clor ‘Maharashira sate Board of Technical Educationwwerewewe ~-~+~-w~wer wee ‘Theory of Machine (22438) XVI. Results WE..WErE...AbI. AQ. AALOATEY.. Abe. RADAR. CLARE QI AICO. OUD AAR Chis XVIIL.Conclusions DWE R Roc OIA AGM ADC er LILLE nL OLEC...On1¢h PRESSE, fins XIX. Practical Related Questions Note: Below given -are few sample questions for reference. Teachers should design ‘more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. 1. List different components of Clutch 2. State the function of diaphragm spring [Space for Answers] Ans:.)....ERAENA...LAMeOneMIs...0F...C1uAG -O...LLy wane. a GL ALSSUrE.... RIOKE. BD..Cassteln.. RNase @ Exicr%on... Bake Cute. SPRL carne th TS. AU MCALAD....PE. IAG AHIAG....55.A 0. ASLG 29. ADO. PRO SSUV@...PUGtO...ANF.. LMA. POC: nT. LAGI ara ROC aed Son POL LOLOL aA Qonfl. Corn LOR SQ PLKOLOM. Maharashira stale Board of Technical Education aa 6 amocannerTheory of Machine (22438) ions for Further Reading XX References / Suggs hups://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIR32kZpte Similar resources are available on internet. The students should be encouraged to search and see these resources, XX. Assessment Scheme [eae Performance Indicators _ | Weightage | ‘Process Related (10 Marks) (40%) {7 Handling of the measuring Instruments 30% {2 Calculation of final readings | 10% Product Related (15 Marks) (60%) Interpretation of result 20% |3 Conclusions 20% \5 Practical related questions 20% iz Total (25 Marks) 100 % Names of Student Team Members 1 Amey. Rack "2. Peiten. Paxmas 3. Chivag, tharus 4. Sush81 Deshaou kh Marks Obtai ine | Product | Total ee Related 1s) | (25) lee a ed «|: Dated signature of Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education 46 canned Wi amocannerVL. “Maharashira state Board of Techical Educatio Practical No. 13: Governor Characteristics Practical Significance The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine, when there are Variations in the load e.g, when the load on an engine increases, its speed decreases, therefore it becomes necessary to increase the supply of working fluid. On the other hand, when the load on the engine decreases, its speed increases and thus less working fluid is required .The governor controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with the varying load conditions and keeps the mean speed within certain limits. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) PO 2, Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering knowledge to solve broad-based mechanical engineering related problems. PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the Fesuits to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems. PO 8. Individual and team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member in diverse/ multidisciplinary teams. Competence, This practic and Skills is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency Use principles of kinematics and dynamics in maintenance of various equipment. Operate governor of a given system © Measure the lift of sleeve Plot a graph between position of sleeve and rotational speed Relevant Course Outeome(s) + Select suitable flywheel and governor for various applications Practical Outcome + Measure radius and height of all types of governors for different rotational speeds, mass of balls and spring stiffness Relevant Affective Domain Unrelated Outcomes Follow safety practices Practice good housekeeping Demonstrate working as a leacer/a team member. Maintain tools and equipment. Follow ethical Practices a7 scanned with CamscannerNE OE |) | ‘Theory of Machine (2 Minimum Theoretical Background The centrifugal governors are based on the balancing of © 4 rotating balls by an equal and opposite radial force, known as the controlling consists of two balls of equal mass, which are attached to the arms “These balls are known as governor balls or fly balls. The balls revolve with a spindle, which is ae by the engine through bevel gears. The upper ends of the arms are P joted to ee spindle, so that the balls may rise up or fall down as they revolve about the vértid axis. The arms are connected by the links to a sleeve, which is ke This sleeve revolves with the spindle; but can slide up and down. The bs sleeve rises when the spindle speed increases, and falls when the speed decre order to limit the travel of the sleeve in upward and down-ward directions, two stops S, are provided on the spindle. The sleeve is connected by a bell crank lever 10 & throttle valve. The supply of the working fluid decreases when the sleeve rises and increases when it falls. ‘The following terms used in governors are important from the subject point of view. 1. Height of a governor. It is the vertical distance from the center of the ball to a point where the axes of the arms intersect on the spindle axis. It is usually denoted byh. Equilibrium speed. It is the speed at which the governor balls, arms etc., are in complete equilibrium and the sleeve does not tend to move upwards or downwards. Mean equi im speed. It is the speed at the mean position of the balls or the centrifugal force on the force. It syed to the spindle. ‘The balls and the sases. In Jum equilibrium- speeds. The speeds at the maximum and minimum radius of rotation of the balls, without tending to move either way are known as maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds respectively. “Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education Ta * Scanned with CamsScannerTheory of Mact VIII. Experimenial setup IX. _ Resources Required | |__Name of Resource | Suggested Broad Specification | Quai 1 Centrifug A test bench comprising of following A 1 Test bench centrifugal governor, electrical motor, arrangement for regulating speed of the | driving motor and a suitable mounting frame, Arrangement for measurement displacement of slider. | Note: Various manufacturers offer | such test bench with their own propria design, Hence he nti are advised to purchase any suitable bench for measuring the slip of belt. 2 Tachometer | Range 0-3000 RPM jovernor X. Precautions to be followed 1. Do not increase the speed of governor exceeding maximum limit. ‘Mafarasfra sate Board of Techical Education a)aaa A ar La ‘Theory of Machine (22438) XI. Procedure 1) Switch on the control unit and rotate the speed control knob slowly. 2) Increase the governor speed until the center sleeve 1ises off the lower stop and aligns with the first division on the graduated scale. Measure the sleeve position and speed. Speed may be determined using & tachometer on the spindle. 4) The governor speed is then increased in steps to give suitable sleeve movement, and readings be taken at each interval throughout the range of sleeve movement, While closing the test bring the dimmer to zero position and then switch off the motor. 6) Plot the graph of radius of rotation Vs. speed to study governor characteristics 3) 5) Resources Used = Quantity | Remarks | A (fany) | 1 [Gpettgal moverser erecate mowsy 15 | ot 5 ee | sazae pistacemo— [3 Frachomerpy — an aoe 5: phases 00680) Gt XIII. Actual Procedure Followed PAB. NS. 45.V.EM, XIV. Precautions Followed DO.N.OL..AM.COAASL...ADC..S REL M.....08...3OVEP.OE. FALL LATS... SO RDT OMAR. Observations and Calculations 1 Length of arm * L* = mm. 2. Initial height of governor * h * = mm. 3. Initial radius of rotation *r* = ..........mm 4. Diameter of sleeve, D mm. “Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education scanned with Camscanner“Theory of Machine (22438) XIX. Practical Related Questions Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. ‘more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. 1. Classify Governors 2, Name the important com 3. Applications\ Teachers should design nts of Governor [Space for Answers] 1A. ASA) CLASS LOAM In PRAGA oD. GAGOM AMA LAOS. AMA SROLS.» Qs Media 7.QN90...0.0 ARON: RRO 2. THE. LIN PRAR.OL.. LOMPELL A: QSL CMOS, QD... LLNSIOG..d.2WF60 ©... Came ater. Q),... GAO L9.D03.9.. RPI E.08%... scanned with CamscannerReferences | Suggestions for Further Reading. /https:!/wwy,youtube.comiwatch? y=HS_YGZXP2xY Similar resources are available on intemet, The students should be encouraged to search and see these resources, XXI_ Assessment Scheme ___ Performance Indicators Process Related (10 Marks) Handling of the measuring Instruments Calculation of final readings Product Related (15 Marks) Tnterpretation of result Conclusions Practical related questions Total (25 Marks) Names of Student Team Members 1 Asney Rane 2, Patiten. Parma 3, Ciie9g. Tra kur 4, Sushil. Desinmath: Marks Obtained Dated signature of is Teacher Process | Product Related(10) | Related(15) Maharashira state Board of Technical Educationof Machine (224% Practical No. 1 + Balancing of Masses 1. Practical Significance In many engineering systems, various masses are rotating in either a single plane oF in different planes, Due to this, a system of forces is in existence which may have imbalanced forces, ‘These imbalanced forces cause vibrations, noise and othe! ‘mechanical failures, Hence, for longer life of the system and its operation wit minimum vibration and noise, the balancing of masses is essential. M._Releyant Program Outcomes (POs) PO 2. Discipline knowledge: Apply Mechanical engineering knowledge 10 solve broad-based mechanical engineering related problems PO 3. Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results to solve broad-based Mechanical engineering problems PO 8. Individual and team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member in ddiverse/ multidisciplinary teams, Competency and Skills This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency Use principles of kinematics and dynamics in maintenance of various equipment. * Identify causes of Unbalancing of rotary element IV. _ Relevant Course Outcomes) ‘= Select suitable flywheel and governor for various applications, V. Practical Outcome * Perform balancing of rotating unbalanced system levant Affective Domain Unrelated Outcomes: ‘ollow safety practices. Practice good housekes ing. Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member. Maintain tools and equipment. Follow ethical Practices. wewnegz VIL. Minimum Theoretical Background : When several masses revolve in different planes, they may be transferred to a reference plane, which may be defined as the plane passing through a point on the axis of rotation and perpendicular to it. The effect of transferring a revolving mass (in ‘one plane) to a reference plane is to cause a force of magnitude equal to centrifugal force of the revolving mass to act in the reference plane, together with a couple of magnitude equal to the product of the force and the distance between the plane of rotation and the reference plane. In order to have a complete balance of the several revolving masses in different planes, the following conditions must be satisfied: L. The forces in the reference plane must balance ic. the resultant force must be 7610 Maharashtra state Board of Technical Education canned Wi amocannervin. Maharashira state Board of 138) of Machine 2. — The couple about the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant couple must. be zero, Experimental setup ‘Suggested Broad Quantity . Specific: 1 | Static & Dynamic Single phase motor ol Balancing Machine | connected to a shaft, containing 4 rotating | | masses. Fach rotating mass | has a facility to insert. Pulley is provided to add | weights to balance the unbalance shaft Precautions to be followed 1. Do not run the motor at low voltage ie. less than 180 volts. 2, Increase the motor speed gradually Procedure 1. Insert all the weights in sequence 1-2-3-4 from pulley side. 2. Fix the pointer and pulley on shaft. 3. Fix the pointer on 0° ((2) on the circular protractor scale: 4. Fix the weight no.1 in horizontal position, 5. Rotate the shaft after loosening previous position of pointer and fix it on 03. 6, Fix the weight no. 2 in horizontal position 7. Loose the pointer and rotate the shaft to fix pointer on 04 8, Fix the weight no.3 in horizontal position. 9, Loose the pointer and rotate the shaft to fix pointer on 01 10. Fix the weight no. 4 in horizontal position. 11. Now the weights are mounted in correct position. 12, For static balancing, the system will remain steady in any angular po: amocannerxu xm. XIV, XV. Maharashtra state B Niachine O48) \\ “ Now put the belt on the pulleys of shaft and motor Supply the main power to the motor through dimmer stat Guaulially tnerwase the speed of the motor, Iithe system runs amically balanced, Without vibvrations, it shows that the system is dy ‘and then switch off the main Gradually reduced the speed to minimum stop the gystem, Revourees Used Name of Broad Specifications Resoure veate and jae Dynamic _} = Balancing | machine mal Actual Procedure Followed BOE MAS oo GRVEN. Precautions Followed QD OK BVO. ADE AMET TaN RM PAB L id ik, V.ES.S..ADODY. 0. NB.O..M.O)1 5 sevenen seescesees GYEACRLOSE... ADL. MOLDS PRLD GAA M OLY, Observations and Calculations ‘ Weight No.= J Mass of 1 ml gms =400 Plane Mass of2= m2gms= (60 Plane2= 2 Weight No.= 2 Mass of 3= m3 gms= 30° Plane3= ® Weight No.= 3 Mass of4= m4 gms=10 Plane4= t us 1,2, 3, 4= ©-64 rem. (Same radius) ‘Angle between 2 & 3 = 03 Angle between 2 & 4 = 04 Angle between 2 & | id of Technical Education moothly and on 56 canned Wi amocanner