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NACA, 1: Research Memorandum
NACA, 1: Research Memorandum
R=19930089596 2020-06-17T05:11:33+00:00Z
352
CONFIDENTIAL Copy
Rivi E56G27a
NACA,1 FHL
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RESEARCH MEMORANDUM
U, 1961
yFFECTIVE kT
LA3SIFLED DOCUMENT
Thin tarterial contains information sUe tting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning
at the escionace laws, Title t, 7 .I.2. leas. 791 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any
manner to an unautharized cerson Is Sr.hicted t1 law
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NACA RM E6G27a CONFIDENTIAL
RESEARCH MEMORANDUM
SUMMARY
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2 CONFIDENTIAL NACA EM E56G27a
INTRODUCTION
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NACA RM E56G27a CONFIDENTIAL 3
ratio operating at rated engine speed, a flight Mach number of 0.6, and
altitudes of 32,500 and 45,Q00 feet. Data obtained with no liquid injec-
tion, with water injection, and with hydrogen peroxide injection are com-
pared at these conditions. Afterburner performance was evaluated on the
basis of the combustion efficiency and the combustion stability range of
the configuration.
Test Apparatus
The basic afterburner and diffuser configuration used for this in-
vestigation is shown in figures 1 and 2. The shell of the diffuser was
a section of a cone, 171 inches long with an inlet diameter of 8 inches
and an outlet diameter of 10 inches. The differ centerbody was a hol-
low, bullet-nosed body 3j inches in diameter at the diffuser exit and
16 inches long. The diffuser-area change over its total length was ap-
proximately 33 percent. Three fuel injectors were equally spaced cir-
cumferentially 3-3 from the upstream end of the diffuser. The in-
4
jectors were 1/8-inch Inconel tubes with two 1/32-inch holes drilled near
the tube end and were positioned for fuel injection in a plane normal to
the diffuser axis. Fuel injection was at a point 1/8-inch from the sur-
face of the centerbody. Representative afterburner inlet temperatures
were obtained from a thermocouple rake positioned as shown in figure 2(a).
The gas stream entering the afterburner was sampled by two 4-point sam-
pling rakes positioned in the same plane as that of the inlet
thermocouples.
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4 CONFIDENTIAL NACA RM E56G27a
Combustion air flow was metered at the inlet of the test facility
by means of a variable-area-orifice installation. Combustor-inlet air
flow and afterburner inlet pressure were controlled by remote-operating
throttle valves.
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NACA RM E56G27a CONFIDENTIAL 5
PROCEDURE
Test Conditions
Test condition
1 2
Air flow rate, lb/sec 4.3 2.5
Inlet static pressure, in. Hg abs 20.5 11.5
Inlet temperature, OF 1200 1200
Afterburner reference velocity, ft/sec 520 520
Over-all fuel-air ratio Stoichiometric Stoichiometrjc
Operating Procedure
For all test data, with or without liquid injection, afterburner in-
let temperature, pressure, and fuel flow were set to predetermined values
and the water-quench flow rate was set to maintain a bulk gas temperature
of approximately 600 0 to 7000 F at station 8. Data were recorded after
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Combustion-Efficiency Determination
LH = eh + e +
where
For mixtures richer than stoichiometric, LJI was corrected for excess fuel
by the method of reference 7 by adding a fuel enthalpy term,
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NACA RM E56G27a CONFIDENTIAL 7
where
RESULTS
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10 CONFIDENTIAL NACA RN E56G27a
DISCUSSION
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was, in fact, improved for both the engine combustor and for the after-
burner. Afterburner stability, especially, was improved by peroxide in-
jection. Even low rates of hydrogen peroxide injection stabilized com-
bustion in normally inoperative afterburner configurations. Such marked
improvements in afterburner performance resulting from hydrogen peroxide
injection may permit the design and efficient operation o p afterburners
having a higher inlet velocity, lower internal drag, and shorter over-all
lengths than those now in use. Appreciable improvements in powerplant
weight and over-all performance might thus be realized.
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The results of these calculations using the data from test configura-
tion A for an altitude of 32,500 feet with water and hydrogen peroxide
injection are shown in figure 10. For comparison, an additional calcu-
lated point for stoichiometric afterburning of a magnesium-slurry fuel is
included.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
REFERENCES
3. Metzler, Allen J., and Grobman, Jack S.: Turbojet Combustor Perform-
ance with Injection of Hydrogen Peroxide for Thrust Augmentation.
NACA RN E56A20a, 1956.
5. Harp, James L., Jr., Mallett, William E., and Shillito, Thomas B.:
Experimental Sea-Level Static Investigation of a Short Afterburner.
NACA EM E54B18, 1954.
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II
9. Useller, James W., Huntley, S. C., and Fenn, David B.: Combined Com-
pressor Coolant Injection and Afterburning for Turbojet Thrust Aug-
mentation. MACA EM E54G08, 1954.
10. Huff, Vearl N., Gordon, Sanford, and Morrell, Virginia E.: General
Method and Thermodynamic Tables for Computation of Equilibrium
Composition and Temperature of Chemical Reactions. MACA Rep. 1037,
1951. (Supersedes MACA TN's 2113 and 2161.)
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MIL-F-5624C,
grade JP-4
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NACA PM E56G27a CONFIDENTIAL 17
Water injection
A 4.32 21.3 1200 .0202 730 .0469
.0671 417.3 0.0268 82.9 515 6
4.31 21.5 1200 .0219 695 .0448
.0667 579.8 .0374 82.2 509
4.30 21.0 1195 .0200 735 .0475
.0675 379.8 .0245 79.6 516
4.30 21.3 1190 .0232 690 .0446
.0677 599.8 .0387 77.5 510
4.32 21.0 1200 .0217 690 .0444
.0660 499.8 .0321 81.8 519
Hydrogen peroxide injection
A 4.30 29.0 1235 .0191 1190 .0769 .0959 4693 .3033 92.8 487 7
4.32 23.5 1205 .0183 955 .0614 .0797 1855 .1193 85.4 508
4.31 27.0 1225 .0185 1155 .0744 .0929 3091 .1993 86.8 481
2.50 14.5 1200 .0216 530 .0589 .0805 857.17 .0952 85.8 466
2.50 18.5 1210 .0221 745 .0828 .1049 2698.0 .2998 86.8 439
B 2.51 17.0 1200 .0229 745 .0824 .1053 2683.9 .2970 81.9 476 7
2.52 13.5 1200 .0223 540 .0595 .0818 913.4 .1007 72.2 507
C 2.50 18.0 1230 .0224 745 .0827 .16RF 2669.9 .2966 83.9 456 7
2.52 14.3 1205 - .0216 538 .0593 .0809 955.5 .1053 78.1 482
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NACA EN E56G27a CONFIDENTIAL 19
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20 C0NFI]DETTIAL NACA FN E56G27a
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22 CONFIDENTIAL NACA RN E56G2a
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24 CONFIDENTIAL NACA RM E56G27a
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NPiCA RM E56G27a CONFIDENTIAL 25
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26 CONFIDENTIAL NACA EM E56G27a
95 -
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75 -
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- Blowout --
Possible data extension
for peroxide injection
60 I I I
90
80
70 L
0 .1 .2 .3 .4
Hydrogen-peroxide - air ratio
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24
22
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a)
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a)
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Hydrogen-peroxide - air ratio
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28 CONFIDENTIAL NACA RM E56G27a
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NACA RM E56G27a CONFIDENTIAL 29
____ - J I I I I
Hydrogen peroxide
Water
o Afterburner; stoichiometric;
JP-4 fuel; no liquid augmentation
3.0 0 Afterburner; stoichiometric; 60 percent
Mg slurry; no liquid augmentation
- Blowout
0 Compressor
.-1 2.6
surge
4.)
EQ
4.)
4-3
Q)
2.2
rd
a)
i.e
1.4
2 6 10 14 18 22 26
Augmented liquid ratio
Figure 10. - Comparison of calculated net-thrust ratio for test configura-
tion A with water and hydrogen peroxide injection. Engine compressor
pressure ratio, 5.3; engine speed, 7950 rpm; flight Mach number, 0.6;
altitude, 32,500 feet; afterburner efficiency from figure 7; liquid
injection into combustor; choked turbine and exhaust nozzle.
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30 CONFIDENTIAL NACA P14 E56G27a
I I I I I
Configuration
A
B
C
3.0
Theoretical
0 Stoichiometric
2.6
Compressor
surge
to
2.2
a)
Id
a)
1.8 .-
a
iry
1.4
2 6 10 14 18 22 26
Augmented liquid ratio
Figure 11. - Comparison of calculated net-thrust ratios for three test after-
burner configurations with hydrogen peroxide injection into primary engine
combustor. Engine compressor pressure ratio, 5.3; engine speed, 7950 rpm;
flight Mach number, 0.6; altitude, 45,000 feet; turbine and exhaust nozzle
choked.
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NACA - Langley Field, Va.