Selected figures and data from the OECD Economic Oulook presenta

No ordinary recovery: Navigating the transition

Title No ordinary recovery: Navigating the transition

Citation OECD (2021), OECD Economic Outlook, May 2021, OECD Publishing.
Link to presentation http://www.oecd.org/economy/outlook/
Date 31-May-21
Contact eco.contact@oecd.org
nomic Oulook presentation, May 2021
November 2019 projection December 2020 projection May 2021 projection
OECD Economic Outlook Projections
% change, year-on-year, colours indicate the direction of revisions since the December 2020 Economic Outlook
Note: *India projections are based on fiscal years, starting in April. The European Union is a full member of the G20, but the
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 109 database.

OECD Economic Outlook Projections

Real GDP growth
%, year-on-year, colours indicate the direction of revisions since the December 2020 Economic Outlook

2020 2021 2022

World -3.5 5.8 4.4 G20

Australia -2.5 5.1 3.4 Argentina

Canada -5.4 6.1 3.8 Brazil
Euro area -6.7 4.3 4.4 China
Germany -5.1 3.3 4.4 India*
France -8.2 5.8 4.0 Indonesia
Italy -8.9 4.5 4.4 Mexico
Spain -10.8 5.9 6.3 Russia
Japan -4.7 2.6 2.0 Saudi Arabia
Korea -0.9 3.8 2.8 South Africa
United Kingdom -9.8 7.2 5.5 Turkey
United States -3.5 6.9 3.6

downward revision, by 0.3pp or more

no change or smaller than 0.3pp
upward revision, by 0.3pp or more
 0
Economic Outlook
full member of the G20, but the G20 aggregate only includes countries that are also members in their own right. Spain is a permanent in

ojections

December 2020 Economic Outlook

2020 2021 2022

-3.1 6.3 4.7

-9.9 6.1 1.8

-4.1 3.7 2.5
2.3 8.5 5.8
-7.7 9.9 8.2
-2.1 4.7 5.1
-8.2 5.0 3.2
-2.6 3.5 2.8
-4.1 2.8 3.8
-7.0 3.8 2.5
1.8 5.7 3.4
ght. Spain is a permanent invitee to the G20. World and G20 aggregates use moving nominal GDP weights at purchasing power parities
purchasing power parities. Difference in percentage points, based on rounded figures.
OECD Economic Outlook Projections
% change, year-on-year, colours indicate the direction of revisions since the December 2020 Economic Outlook

Source: OECD Economic Outlook 109 database.

OECD Economic Outlook Projections

Real GDP growth
%, year-on-year, colours indicate the direction of revisions since the December 2020 Economic Outlook

2020 2021 2022

Austria -6.7 3.4 4.2 Israel
Belgium -6.3 4.7 3.5 Latvia
Chile -6.0 6.7 3.5 Lithuania
Colombia -6.8 7.6 3.5 Luxembourg
Costa Rica -4.5 2.5 3.4 Netherlands
Czech Republic -5.6 3.3 4.9 New Zealand
Denmark -2.7 2.8 2.9 Norway
Estonia -2.7 2.9 5.0 Poland
Finland -2.8 2.6 2.7 Portugal
Greece -8.2 3.8 5.0 Slovak Republic
Hungary -5.1 4.6 5.0 Slovenia
Iceland -6.6 2.8 4.7 Sweden
Ireland 2.5 4.2 5.1 Switzerland

downward revision, by 0.3pp or more

no change or smaller than 0.3pp
upward revision, by 0.3pp or more
onomic Outlook

ections

cember 2020 Economic Outlook

2020 2021 2022

-2.5 5.0 4.5
-3.6 3.2 5.6
-0.9 3.7 4.0
-1.3 4.8 2.8
-3.7 2.7 3.7
-1.1 3.5 3.8
-0.8 3.4 3.7
-2.7 3.7 4.7
-7.6 3.7 4.9
-4.8 4.2 5.2
-5.5 3.5 4.6
-3.0 3.9 3.4
-3.0 3.2 2.9
Number of years to recover GDP per capita
Number of years since 2019Q4 to return to pre-pandemic real GDP per capita levels
Note: For countries that recover after the end of the projection period (after 2022Q4), calculations are based on the average
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 109 database; and OECD calculations.

Years to recover Today More than 5 years

CHN 0.50 1.5 5
TUR 0.75 1.5 5 More than 5 years
LTU 1.25 1.5 5 5
IRL 1.50 1.5 5
KOR 1.50 1.5 5
RUS 1.50 1.5 5
USA 1.50 1.5 5 4
CHL 1.75 1.5 5
FIN 1.75 1.5 5
JPN 1.75 1.5 5
LUX 1.75 1.5 5 3
LVA 1.75 1.5 5
NOR 1.75 1.5 5
POL 1.75 1.5 5
DEU 2.00 1.5 5 2
DNK 2.00 1.5 5
Today
EST 2.00 1.5 5
IDN 2.00 1.5 5
IND 2.00 1.5 5 1
NZL 2.00 1.5 5
SVK 2.00 1.5 5
SWE 2.00 1.5 5
AUS 2.25 1.5 5
0

LUX
RUS
USA
TUR
LTU

KOR

FIN
JPN
CHN

IRL

CHL
CHE 2.25 1.5 5
HUN 2.25 1.5 5
ISR 2.25 1.5 5
CAN 2.50 1.5 5
CZE 2.50 1.5 5
GBR 2.50 1.5 5
GRC 2.50 1.5 5
ITA 2.50 1.5 5
NLD 2.50 1.5 5
AUT 2.75 1.5 5
BRA 2.75 1.5 5
COL 2.75 1.5 5
FRA 2.75 1.5 5
PRT 2.75 1.5 5
SVN 2.75 1.5 5
BEL 3.00 1.5 5
CRI 3.50 1.5 5
ESP 3.50 1.5 5
ISL 3.75 1.5 5
MEX 3.75 1.5 5
SAU 4.25 1.5 5
ZAF 5.00 1.5 5
ARG 6.75 1.5 5
are based on the average quarterly growth rate in 2022. Recovery is considered to occur when there is a sustained increase in real GDP
LUX

SVK
SWE

CZE

ITA

BRA

FRA

ESP

MEX
CRI
NOR

IDN
IND
RUS
USA

LVA

DNK

AUS
CHE
KOR

FIN
JPN

DEU

ISR
CAN

GBR
GRC

SVN

SAU
HUN

NLD
NZL
POL

COL

ISL
EST
CHL

BEL
AUT

PRT
ained increase in real GDP per capita above the level in 2019Q4.
ESP

MEX
CRI
SVN

SAU

ARG
ISL
BEL

ZAF
Growth in online job postings: production and manufacturing
% change from February 2020
Note: Series are seasonally adjusted based on historical patterns in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Series are based on seven-day
Source: Indeed.

United States Australia France Italy United Kingdom

2/1/2020 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 United States Au
2/2/2020 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.1
2/3/2020 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 80 Italy Un
2/4/2020 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3 -0.5
2/5/2020 0.2 -1.2 -0.6 -0.2 -1.0 60
2/6/2020 0.1 -2.6 -1.0 0.0 -1.4
2/7/2020 0.1 -4.0 -1.3 0.2 -1.7
2/8/2020 0.2 -5.2 -1.5 0.7 -1.6
40
2/9/2020 0.2 -6.3 -1.7 1.3 -1.4
2/10/2020 -0.2 -7.4 -2.1 1.5 -1.3 20
2/11/2020 -0.2 -7.9 -2.3 2.2 -1.2
2/12/2020 -0.2 -8.6 -2.6 2.5 -0.7 0
2/13/2020 0.0 -8.9 -2.6 2.2 -0.4
2/14/2020 0.2 -9.2 -2.7 1.8 -0.5 -20
2/15/2020 0.3 -9.7 -3.2 0.8 -1.0
2/16/2020 0.5 -10.3 -4.4 -0.4 -1.5 -40
2/17/2020 0.6 -10.9 -5.1 -1.1 -1.8
2/18/2020 0.7 -11.4 -5.5 -2.0 -1.7 -60
2/19/2020 0.8 -11.6 -5.6 -2.8 -1.9
2/20/2020 0.9 -12.0 -5.6 -3.6 -2.1
-80
2/21/2020 0.9 -12.5 -5.7 -3.8 -2.1

2/1/2020

6/1/2020

8/1/2020
9/1/2020
3/1/2020
4/1/2020
5/1/2020

7/1/2020
2/22/2020 0.8 -12.7 -5.0 -3.5 -1.8
2/23/2020 0.9 -12.8 -3.4 -2.9 -1.5
2/24/2020 0.9 -12.7 -2.4 -2.4 -1.3
2/25/2020 1.0 -12.5 -1.7 -1.9 -1.5
2/26/2020 1.1 -12.2 -1.3 -1.2 -1.5
2/27/2020 1.1 -11.5 -0.9 0.1 -1.4
2/28/2020 1.0 -10.7 -0.3 1.0 -1.3
2/29/2020 1.1 -10.1 0.1 1.9 -1.1
3/1/2020 0.9 -9.6 0.1 2.2 -1.1
3/2/2020 0.9 -9.5 0.1 2.4 -1.1
3/3/2020 0.8 -9.7 0.1 2.4 -0.9
3/4/2020 0.8 -10.2 0.0 2.2 -0.8
3/5/2020 0.9 -10.6 -0.2 1.9 -0.8
3/6/2020 1.0 -11.0 -0.3 1.7 -0.9
3/7/2020 1.1 -11.3 -0.7 1.6 -0.9
3/8/2020 1.3 -11.5 -1.1 1.6 -0.9
3/9/2020 1.3 -11.7 -1.5 1.7 -0.9
3/10/2020 1.5 -11.8 -1.7 1.4 -0.8
3/11/2020 1.6 -11.6 -1.8 1.0 -0.8
3/12/2020 1.6 -11.6 -1.8 0.3 -0.7
3/13/2020 1.5 -11.7 -2.7 -0.9 -0.6
3/14/2020 1.4 -11.9 -3.7 -2.3 -0.7
3/15/2020 1.2 -12.1 -4.8 -3.6 -1.0
3/16/2020 1.2 -12.6 -6.0 -5.1 -1.3
3/17/2020 0.6 -13.3 -7.8 -6.8 -2.2
3/18/2020 -0.1 -14.8 -9.7 -8.1 -3.4
3/19/2020 -1.0 -16.2 -12.1 -9.4 -4.8
3/20/2020 -2.1 -17.9 -14.2 -10.7 -6.7
3/21/2020 -3.5 -19.6 -16.4 -12.0 -8.8
3/22/2020 -4.8 -21.3 -18.5 -14.0 -10.8
3/23/2020 -6.3 -23.0 -20.1 -15.8 -12.4
3/24/2020 -7.7 -24.7 -21.5 -17.1 -14.2
3/25/2020 -9.3 -26.2 -23.0 -18.6 -16.1
3/26/2020 -10.8 -28.0 -24.3 -20.4 -18.0
3/27/2020 -12.4 -29.8 -25.1 -22.2 -20.0
3/28/2020 -13.8 -31.5 -25.9 -24.0 -21.9
3/29/2020 -15.2 -33.2 -26.7 -25.1 -23.9
3/30/2020 -16.4 -34.9 -27.8 -26.1 -26.0
3/31/2020 -17.6 -36.4 -29.0 -27.6 -28.1
4/1/2020 -18.7 -38.1 -30.2 -29.5 -30.4
4/2/2020 -19.7 -39.6 -31.3 -31.4 -32.7
4/3/2020 -20.6 -41.3 -32.3 -33.1 -34.8
4/4/2020 -21.5 -43.0 -33.1 -34.5 -36.8
4/5/2020 -22.5 -44.7 -33.9 -35.9 -38.8
4/6/2020 -23.6 -46.1 -34.8 -37.4 -40.8
4/7/2020 -24.7 -47.5 -35.4 -38.7 -42.6
4/8/2020 -25.5 -48.6 -35.9 -39.4 -44.1
4/9/2020 -26.3 -49.6 -36.6 -40.1 -45.7
4/10/2020 -27.1 -50.4 -37.7 -40.4 -47.1
4/11/2020 -27.7 -51.0 -39.0 -40.6 -48.7
4/12/2020 -28.4 -51.5 -40.6 -40.7 -50.1
4/13/2020 -29.0 -52.0 -41.9 -40.9 -51.4
4/14/2020 -29.4 -52.5 -43.3 -41.0 -52.7
4/15/2020 -30.0 -52.9 -44.4 -41.1 -53.8
4/16/2020 -30.5 -53.4 -45.2 -41.1 -54.9
4/17/2020 -31.0 -53.7 -45.7 -41.3 -56.2
4/18/2020 -31.3 -54.1 -45.9 -41.4 -57.3
4/19/2020 -31.7 -54.6 -45.9 -41.6 -58.3
4/20/2020 -32.0 -54.9 -46.1 -41.8 -59.5
4/21/2020 -32.2 -55.0 -46.1 -41.8 -60.5
4/22/2020 -32.5 -54.9 -46.3 -41.9 -61.5
4/23/2020 -32.6 -55.0 -46.6 -41.9 -62.3
4/24/2020 -32.8 -54.6 -46.7 -41.9 -62.8
4/25/2020 -32.8 -54.2 -47.1 -42.0 -63.3
4/26/2020 -32.9 -53.6 -47.5 -42.2 -63.8
4/27/2020 -33.0 -52.9 -47.8 -42.2 -64.2
4/28/2020 -33.2 -52.2 -47.8 -42.1 -64.5
4/29/2020 -33.1 -51.7 -47.7 -41.9 -64.8
4/30/2020 -33.1 -51.2 -47.5 -41.7 -65.2
5/1/2020 -33.0 -51.1 -47.5 -41.9 -65.6
5/2/2020 -33.0 -51.1 -47.4 -42.1 -66.0
5/3/2020 -33.0 -51.2 -47.2 -42.1 -66.3
5/4/2020 -32.8 -51.4 -47.1 -42.2 -66.5
5/5/2020 -32.6 -51.6 -47.4 -42.4 -66.8
5/6/2020 -32.5 -51.7 -47.3 -42.7 -67.0
5/7/2020 -32.4 -51.6 -47.7 -42.9 -67.2
5/8/2020 -32.2 -51.2 -47.5 -42.7 -67.3
5/9/2020 -32.0 -50.7 -47.3 -42.3 -67.4
5/10/2020 -31.7 -50.3 -47.2 -42.1 -67.5
5/11/2020 -31.7 -49.9 -46.9 -42.0 -67.7
5/12/2020 -31.5 -49.4 -46.8 -41.9 -67.8
5/13/2020 -31.7 -49.1 -46.8 -41.8 -68.0
5/14/2020 -31.8 -48.7 -46.6 -41.7 -68.3
5/15/2020 -31.6 -48.3 -46.8 -41.7 -68.6
5/16/2020 -31.6 -48.1 -46.6 -41.7 -68.9
5/17/2020 -31.5 -47.8 -46.7 -41.6 -69.1
5/18/2020 -31.4 -47.5 -46.5 -41.4 -69.5
5/19/2020 -31.3 -47.4 -45.9 -41.0 -69.7
5/20/2020 -30.6 -47.2 -45.7 -40.7 -69.9
5/21/2020 -30.0 -47.1 -45.2 -40.2 -69.9
5/22/2020 -29.6 -47.0 -45.1 -39.8 -69.9
5/23/2020 -29.2 -46.9 -45.2 -39.5 -70.0
5/24/2020 -29.0 -46.8 -45.2 -39.3 -70.0
5/25/2020 -28.7 -46.8 -45.6 -39.4 -69.9
5/26/2020 -28.5 -46.6 -46.5 -39.7 -70.0
5/27/2020 -28.5 -46.3 -46.7 -39.6 -70.1
5/28/2020 -28.5 -46.0 -47.0 -39.7 -70.2
5/29/2020 -28.4 -45.8 -47.1 -39.7 -70.2
5/30/2020 -28.0 -45.4 -47.2 -39.7 -70.1
5/31/2020 -27.7 -45.1 -47.3 -39.6 -70.1
6/1/2020 -27.5 -44.9 -47.3 -39.5 -70.0
6/2/2020 -27.2 -44.4 -47.1 -39.3 -69.7
6/3/2020 -26.9 -44.0 -47.5 -39.7 -69.5
6/4/2020 -26.6 -43.6 -47.8 -40.0 -69.2
6/5/2020 -26.3 -43.1 -48.2 -40.3 -68.7
6/6/2020 -26.1 -42.7 -48.7 -40.5 -68.3
6/7/2020 -25.8 -42.3 -48.8 -40.7 -67.8
6/8/2020 -25.4 -42.0 -48.8 -40.7 -67.4
6/9/2020 -25.0 -42.0 -48.7 -40.4 -67.0
6/10/2020 -24.7 -41.8 -48.7 -39.9 -66.7
6/11/2020 -24.4 -41.7 -48.6 -39.3 -66.6
6/12/2020 -24.3 -41.7 -48.5 -38.8 -66.5
6/13/2020 -24.2 -41.7 -48.2 -38.1 -66.5
6/14/2020 -24.0 -41.4 -48.2 -37.6 -66.5
6/15/2020 -23.7 -40.6 -48.2 -37.0 -66.5
6/16/2020 -23.5 -40.0 -48.4 -36.5 -66.5
6/17/2020 -23.3 -39.3 -48.4 -36.0 -66.4
6/18/2020 -22.9 -38.2 -48.6 -35.7 -66.2
6/19/2020 -22.4 -37.3 -48.9 -35.4 -66.0
6/20/2020 -21.9 -36.3 -49.2 -35.3 -65.8
6/21/2020 -21.5 -35.4 -49.4 -35.2 -65.6
6/22/2020 -21.0 -34.6 -49.6 -35.1 -65.4
6/23/2020 -20.7 -33.7 -49.7 -35.0 -65.3
6/24/2020 -20.3 -33.1 -49.6 -34.7 -65.1
6/25/2020 -20.0 -32.7 -49.6 -34.2 -65.0
6/26/2020 -19.9 -32.2 -49.6 -33.6 -64.9
6/27/2020 -19.7 -31.7 -49.7 -33.1 -64.8
6/28/2020 -19.5 -31.0 -49.5 -32.2 -64.6
6/29/2020 -19.3 -30.2 -49.3 -31.3 -64.5
6/30/2020 -19.0 -29.2 -49.2 -30.4 -64.4
7/1/2020 -18.8 -28.0 -49.1 -30.2 -64.2
7/2/2020 -18.6 -26.6 -48.8 -30.2 -64.1
7/3/2020 -18.3 -25.0 -48.4 -30.4 -63.8
7/4/2020 -18.2 -23.5 -48.1 -29.9 -63.6
7/5/2020 -18.0 -22.5 -47.8 -29.8 -63.3
7/6/2020 -17.9 -21.7 -47.4 -29.5 -63.0
7/7/2020 -17.7 -21.2 -47.0 -29.7 -62.6
7/8/2020 -17.3 -20.9 -46.7 -28.7 -62.3
7/9/2020 -16.8 -20.5 -46.7 -28.0 -61.9
7/10/2020 -16.4 -20.5 -47.0 -26.9 -61.5
7/11/2020 -15.8 -20.7 -47.6 -26.5 -61.1
7/12/2020 -15.3 -20.7 -47.6 -25.7 -60.6
7/13/2020 -14.8 -20.4 -47.4 -25.0 -60.0
7/14/2020 -14.2 -20.2 -47.3 -23.9 -59.5
7/15/2020 -13.8 -19.8 -47.6 -23.4 -59.0
7/16/2020 -13.4 -19.8 -47.7 -22.7 -58.7
7/17/2020 -13.0 -19.6 -48.0 -22.7 -58.4
7/18/2020 -12.9 -19.3 -47.1 -22.1 -58.1
7/19/2020 -12.6 -18.8 -47.2 -21.8 -57.9
7/20/2020 -12.3 -18.4 -47.3 -21.7 -57.9
7/21/2020 -12.1 -17.9 -47.6 -21.8 -57.9
7/22/2020 -11.8 -17.7 -47.7 -21.6 -58.0
7/23/2020 -11.5 -17.3 -47.9 -21.6 -57.9
7/24/2020 -11.3 -16.7 -47.4 -21.2 -57.8
7/25/2020 -10.9 -15.9 -47.3 -20.8 -57.5
7/26/2020 -10.6 -15.4 -47.1 -20.4 -57.3
7/27/2020 -10.4 -15.5 -47.0 -20.1 -57.0
7/28/2020 -10.2 -15.3 -46.6 -19.6 -56.8
7/29/2020 -10.0 -14.8 -46.5 -19.2 -56.4
7/30/2020 -9.8 -14.7 -46.2 -18.9 -56.1
7/31/2020 -9.5 -15.0 -45.8 -18.1 -55.6
8/1/2020 -9.3 -15.5 -46.0 -18.2 -55.4
8/2/2020 -9.1 -16.2 -46.0 -18.3 -55.2
8/3/2020 -8.9 -16.4 -46.2 -18.5 -55.0
8/4/2020 -8.6 -16.8 -46.7 -18.7 -54.7
8/5/2020 -8.3 -17.3 -46.6 -18.4 -54.3
8/6/2020 -8.1 -17.4 -46.3 -17.9 -53.8
8/7/2020 -8.0 -17.1 -46.3 -17.8 -53.5
8/8/2020 -7.7 -16.9 -46.2 -17.2 -53.1
8/9/2020 -7.5 -16.6 -46.2 -16.7 -52.7
8/10/2020 -7.2 -16.4 -46.0 -16.0 -52.2
8/11/2020 -7.0 -16.4 -45.6 -15.2 -51.7
8/12/2020 -6.8 -16.1 -45.4 -15.0 -51.1
8/13/2020 -6.7 -16.0 -45.3 -14.9 -50.7
8/14/2020 -6.4 -16.0 -45.0 -14.9 -50.1
8/15/2020 -6.4 -16.2 -44.6 -14.9 -49.7
8/16/2020 -6.1 -16.0 -44.5 -14.7 -49.4
8/17/2020 -5.8 -15.5 -44.1 -14.7 -48.9
8/18/2020 -5.5 -15.1 -43.3 -14.6 -48.4
8/19/2020 -5.1 -14.7 -42.5 -14.2 -47.9
8/20/2020 -4.6 -14.7 -41.6 -14.2 -47.3
8/21/2020 -4.2 -15.0 -41.3 -14.2 -46.9
8/22/2020 -3.5 -14.7 -41.2 -14.2 -46.3
8/23/2020 -3.1 -14.7 -40.3 -14.4 -45.6
8/24/2020 -2.6 -14.9 -39.6 -14.4 -44.9
8/25/2020 -2.2 -15.1 -39.3 -14.6 -44.3
8/26/2020 -1.7 -15.3 -39.1 -15.0 -43.9
8/27/2020 -1.4 -15.2 -39.3 -15.1 -43.5
8/28/2020 -1.1 -15.0 -39.3 -15.0 -43.3
8/29/2020 -0.7 -15.0 -38.4 -15.0 -42.9
8/30/2020 -0.4 -14.9 -38.0 -14.9 -42.5
8/31/2020 0.0 -14.5 -38.0 -14.9 -42.2
9/1/2020 0.2 -14.1 -37.9 -15.1 -42.2
9/2/2020 0.5 -13.6 -38.1 -15.5 -42.2
9/3/2020 0.9 -13.3 -38.0 -15.8 -42.1
9/4/2020 1.4 -12.6 -37.2 -16.0 -41.8
9/5/2020 1.7 -12.2 -37.5 -16.6 -41.9
9/6/2020 2.1 -11.8 -37.5 -17.1 -41.9
9/7/2020 2.6 -11.5 -37.3 -17.5 -41.9
9/8/2020 2.9 -10.9 -37.0 -17.4 -41.5
9/9/2020 3.3 -10.1 -36.7 -17.2 -41.0
9/10/2020 3.5 -9.5 -36.8 -17.0 -40.5
9/11/2020 3.7 -8.9 -36.4 -16.8 -39.6
 9/12/2020 3.9 -8.2 -36.0 -16.3 -38.8
9/13/2020 4.0 -7.6 -35.8 -15.5 -38.1
9/14/2020 4.0 -7.2 -35.7 -15.2 -37.4
9/15/2020 4.1 -7.1 -36.0 -15.0 -36.8
9/16/2020 4.3 -6.9 -36.1 -14.9 -36.0
9/17/2020 4.5 -6.4 -35.4 -14.7 -35.2
9/18/2020 4.6 -6.1 -35.4 -14.3 -34.7
9/19/2020 4.8 -5.6 -35.3 -13.6 -34.1
9/20/2020 5.0 -5.0 -35.4 -13.3 -33.4
9/21/2020 5.1 -4.2 -35.6 -13.1 -32.9
9/22/2020 5.4 -3.1 -35.4 -12.4 -32.2
9/23/2020 5.7 -2.1 -34.8 -11.3 -31.5
9/24/2020 5.9 -1.1 -34.6 -10.5 -30.9
9/25/2020 6.3 -0.2 -34.2 -9.8 -30.4
9/26/2020 6.6 0.8 -33.9 -9.4 -29.9
9/27/2020 7.0 1.9 -33.3 -8.6 -29.3
9/28/2020 7.6 3.2 -32.5 -7.5 -28.7
9/29/2020 8.0 4.2 -31.7 -6.3 -28.0
9/30/2020 8.4 5.4 -31.3 -5.7 -27.7
10/1/2020 8.7 5.8 -31.6 -5.7 -27.6
10/2/2020 9.0 6.2 -31.7 -5.5 -27.3
10/3/2020 9.3 6.3 -31.5 -5.0 -26.6
10/4/2020 9.5 6.2 -31.4 -5.0 -26.2
10/5/2020 9.7 5.7 -31.4 -5.1 -25.9
10/6/2020 9.9 5.1 -31.5 -5.4 -25.8
10/7/2020 10.1 3.7 -31.4 -4.7 -25.3
10/8/2020 10.5 3.0 -30.4 -3.1 -24.6
10/9/2020 10.8 2.8 -29.6 -1.6 -24.3
10/10/2020 11.2 2.4 -29.1 -0.2 -24.1
10/11/2020 11.6 2.3 -28.3 1.2 -23.9
10/12/2020 12.0 2.6 -27.6 2.7 -23.7
10/13/2020 12.3 3.0 -27.8 3.1 -23.8
10/14/2020 12.6 4.1 -27.4 3.3 -23.7
10/15/2020 12.9 5.1 -26.8 3.7 -23.5
10/16/2020 13.2 5.8 -26.5 3.7 -23.5
10/17/2020 13.3 6.3 -26.5 3.7 -23.4
10/18/2020 13.8 7.0 -26.9 3.3 -23.4
10/19/2020 14.2 7.4 -27.4 2.7 -23.3
10/20/2020 14.6 7.9 -27.4 3.1 -23.1
10/21/2020 15.0 8.6 -27.2 4.0 -22.9
10/22/2020 15.5 9.0 -27.3 4.5 -22.9
10/23/2020 15.8 9.3 -26.9 5.3 -22.7
10/24/2020 16.2 9.4 -26.4 5.8 -22.4
10/25/2020 16.4 9.4 -25.5 7.0 -22.2
10/26/2020 16.6 9.5 -25.1 8.1 -22.1
10/27/2020 16.9 9.5 -23.8 9.4 -21.5
10/28/2020 17.2 9.2 -23.2 10.6 -21.0
10/29/2020 17.5 9.3 -22.9 11.7 -20.7
10/30/2020 17.9 9.3 -22.8 12.7 -20.4
10/31/2020 18.2 9.5 -22.6 13.7 -20.3
11/1/2020 18.5 9.6 -22.9 13.8 -20.5
11/2/2020 18.7 9.4 -22.0 14.5 -20.3
11/3/2020 19.0 9.3 -22.0 14.9 -20.5
11/4/2020 19.4 9.0 -21.8 14.8 -20.7
11/5/2020 19.7 8.8 -21.9 14.6 -21.1
11/6/2020 20.0 9.2 -21.8 14.4 -21.5
11/7/2020 20.3 9.7 -21.8 14.3 -21.6
11/8/2020 20.7 10.2 -21.4 15.2 -21.3
 11/9/2020 21.0 10.9 -21.7 15.5 -21.1
11/10/2020 21.3 11.8 -21.4 15.9 -20.8
11/11/2020 21.5 12.5 -21.5 16.3 -20.3
11/12/2020 21.7 12.8 -21.5 16.9 -19.7
11/13/2020 21.9 12.9 -21.9 17.1 -18.9
11/14/2020 21.1 12.9 -22.2 17.4 -18.2
11/15/2020 20.6 12.8 -22.6 17.4 -17.6
11/16/2020 20.1 13.0 -22.8 17.4 -16.9
11/17/2020 20.4 12.9 -23.3 17.2 -16.0
11/18/2020 20.7 13.1 -24.3 15.9 -15.0
11/19/2020 20.9 13.5 -25.2 14.3 -14.0
11/20/2020 21.1 14.1 -26.2 12.8 -14.0
11/21/2020 22.2 14.6 -27.2 11.2 -13.3
11/22/2020 23.2 15.0 -27.8 9.8 -12.3
11/23/2020 24.3 15.7 -28.3 8.6 -11.2
11/24/2020 24.6 16.4 -29.2 7.1 -10.8
11/25/2020 24.9 16.9 -28.9 6.8 -10.4
11/26/2020 25.2 17.4 -28.3 6.4 -9.8
11/27/2020 25.4 17.4 -27.3 6.3 -8.2
11/28/2020 25.6 17.6 -26.3 6.2 -7.4
11/29/2020 25.5 17.7 -25.6 6.2 -7.1
11/30/2020 25.4 17.4 -25.0 6.0 -6.8
12/1/2020 25.2 16.9 -24.0 6.3 -6.2
12/2/2020 25.0 16.4 -23.7 6.1 -5.9
12/3/2020 24.9 15.8 -23.1 6.5 -5.5
12/4/2020 24.2 15.2 -22.9 6.9 -5.1
12/5/2020 24.5 14.9 -22.6 7.8 -4.5
12/6/2020 24.8 14.7 -22.3 8.6 -3.8
12/7/2020 25.0 14.1 -22.3 9.0 -3.1
12/8/2020 25.2 13.7 -22.1 8.9 -3.0
12/9/2020 25.4 13.8 -21.9 8.8 -2.2
12/10/2020 25.6 14.0 -22.4 8.2 -2.0
12/11/2020 26.6 14.5 -22.3 7.8 -1.5
12/12/2020 26.4 14.5 -22.5 7.1 -1.2
12/13/2020 26.6 14.8 -22.5 6.3 -0.9
12/14/2020 26.9 15.1 -22.4 6.2 -0.6
12/15/2020 27.2 15.3 -22.1 6.7 0.1
12/16/2020 27.5 15.3 -22.0 7.2 0.4
12/17/2020 27.7 15.2 -21.8 7.6 0.8
12/18/2020 27.9 14.5 -21.5 8.1 1.1
12/19/2020 28.2 13.9 -21.1 8.5 1.3
12/20/2020 28.2 13.2 -20.9 9.0 1.4
12/21/2020 28.3 12.4 -20.8 9.4 1.5
12/22/2020 28.2 12.1 -20.7 9.0 1.4
12/23/2020 27.8 11.6 -20.5 9.5 1.4
12/24/2020 27.4 10.6 -19.8 10.4 1.4
12/25/2020 26.9 9.9 -19.8 10.7 1.3
12/26/2020 26.6 9.6 -19.8 10.9 0.8
12/27/2020 26.3 9.5 -19.9 10.9 0.0
12/28/2020 26.0 9.6 -19.8 11.1 -0.5
12/29/2020 25.7 9.0 -19.8 11.9 -1.5
12/30/2020 25.8 8.1 -19.5 12.8 -2.9
12/31/2020 25.8 7.3 -19.4 13.8 -4.7
1/1/2021 25.3 5.8 -19.3 13.5 -7.3
1/2/2021 24.4 3.8 -19.0 13.4 -10.2
1/3/2021 23.4 1.3 -18.9 13.0 -13.6
1/4/2021 22.1 -1.1 -18.8 13.0 -17.2
1/5/2021 21.2 -2.8 -19.3 12.8 -20.3
 1/6/2021 20.6 -4.1 -19.3 12.4 -22.5
1/7/2021 20.3 -4.6 -19.0 11.3 -23.9
1/8/2021 20.6 -4.2 -18.9 12.3 -24.4
1/9/2021 21.2 -3.8 -18.6 13.6 -24.1
1/10/2021 22.2 -3.1 -18.4 14.7 -23.3
1/11/2021 23.3 -2.2 -18.2 15.5 -22.3
1/12/2021 24.0 -1.1 -17.9 15.8 -21.3
1/13/2021 24.7 0.4 -17.7 16.6 -20.4
1/14/2021 25.5 1.9 -17.5 18.1 -19.6
1/15/2021 26.3 3.4 -17.3 18.9 -19.6
1/16/2021 27.3 5.6 -17.1 19.7 -18.8
1/17/2021 27.9 8.0 -16.8 20.7 -17.9
1/18/2021 28.5 10.7 -16.4 21.4 -17.1
1/19/2021 29.1 13.4 -15.6 22.6 -16.0
1/20/2021 29.7 15.4 -15.5 23.3 -15.7
1/21/2021 30.0 17.7 -15.5 23.8 -15.3
1/22/2021 30.2 19.9 -15.3 24.5 -14.1
1/23/2021 30.0 21.8 -15.1 25.0 -13.7
1/24/2021 30.2 23.9 -15.0 25.7 -13.2
1/25/2021 30.4 25.6 -15.0 26.4 -12.7
1/26/2021 30.7 26.7 -15.3 26.2 -13.5
1/27/2021 30.8 28.1 -15.4 26.5 -12.9
1/28/2021 31.0 28.7 -15.3 26.8 -12.4
1/29/2021 31.3 29.5 -15.3 26.9 -12.0
1/30/2021 31.7 30.2 -15.2 27.1 -11.4
1/31/2021 32.0 30.7 -15.1 27.3 -10.8
2/1/2021 32.2 30.6 -14.9 27.1 -10.3
2/2/2021 32.3 30.8 -14.6 27.3 -8.6
2/3/2021 32.6 30.7 -14.3 27.1 -8.2
2/4/2021 32.8 30.4 -14.1 26.9 -8.0
2/5/2021 33.2 29.9 -13.8 27.1 -7.7
2/6/2021 33.6 29.0 -13.7 27.6 -7.7
2/7/2021 34.0 28.0 -13.5 28.1 -7.7
2/8/2021 34.5 27.4 -13.6 28.8 -7.8
2/9/2021 35.1 26.8 -13.4 30.4 -7.6
2/10/2021 35.7 26.1 -13.8 31.8 -7.6
2/11/2021 36.3 26.0 -13.8 33.2 -8.0
2/12/2021 36.7 25.5 -14.0 34.3 -8.9
2/13/2021 37.3 25.1 -14.1 35.0 -9.8
2/14/2021 37.8 26.1 -14.2 34.9 -10.6
2/15/2021 38.2 26.9 -14.3 35.3 -11.3
2/16/2021 38.5 26.1 -14.8 34.7 -12.3
2/17/2021 38.8 25.5 -14.7 34.1 -13.3
2/18/2021 39.1 24.7 -14.6 33.8 -13.4
2/19/2021 39.2 24.2 -14.5 33.4 -13.1
2/20/2021 39.0 23.9 -14.4 33.0 -12.7
2/21/2021 39.1 22.3 -14.3 33.4 -12.5
2/22/2021 39.2 20.9 -14.1 33.7 -12.2
2/23/2021 39.4 21.3 -13.6 34.1 -11.8
2/24/2021 39.6 22.2 -13.1 35.0 -11.1
2/25/2021 39.9 23.1 -12.9 35.6 -10.6
2/26/2021 40.1 24.1 -12.7 36.5 -10.0
2/27/2021 40.6 25.1 -12.5 37.5 -9.6
2/28/2021 41.0 26.0 -12.3 38.2 -9.4
3/1/2021 41.1 26.2 -12.1 38.4 -9.1
3/2/2021 41.2 26.4 -12.5 38.3 -9.3
3/3/2021 41.5 26.1 -13.0 38.2 -9.4
3/4/2021 41.8 25.9 -12.9 38.6 -9.0
 3/5/2021 42.4 25.9 -12.7 39.0 -8.5
3/6/2021 42.8 25.8 -12.6 38.9 -7.8
3/7/2021 43.3 25.9 -12.7 39.2 -7.1
3/8/2021 44.0 26.1 -12.8 39.8 -6.5
3/9/2021 44.7 26.4 -11.9 41.3 -5.1
3/10/2021 45.2 27.0 -11.5 42.4 -3.9
3/11/2021 45.6 27.6 -11.4 43.0 -3.1
3/12/2021 45.9 28.3 -11.3 43.2 -2.3
3/13/2021 46.4 29.4 -11.2 43.7 -1.4
3/14/2021 46.7 30.5 -11.0 43.6 -0.6
3/15/2021 46.8 32.1 -10.8 43.5 0.1
3/16/2021 47.0 33.5 -10.9 42.5 0.4
3/17/2021 47.2 34.9 -11.2 41.6 0.7
3/18/2021 47.7 35.9 -11.9 40.8 0.9
3/19/2021 48.3 37.0 -12.4 40.1 1.3
3/20/2021 49.0 39.1 -12.6 39.1 1.7
3/21/2021 49.7 41.0 -12.6 39.1 2.4
3/22/2021 50.4 41.1 -12.6 39.2 3.5
3/23/2021 51.3 41.4 -12.3 39.5 4.5
3/24/2021 51.9 41.5 -12.0 39.2 5.4
3/25/2021 52.7 41.7 -11.5 39.1 6.6
3/26/2021 53.3 41.5 -11.3 38.0 8.1
3/27/2021 53.9 40.1 -11.1 38.4 9.8
3/28/2021 54.5 38.8 -11.0 38.2 11.3
3/29/2021 55.2 39.3 -10.8 38.2 12.9
3/30/2021 55.8 39.7 -10.8 38.3 14.3
3/31/2021 56.6 39.9 -10.3 39.0 15.8
4/1/2021 56.9 39.9 -10.7 37.7 16.2
4/2/2021 57.2 39.4 -10.2 38.1 16.4
4/3/2021 57.3 38.5 -10.6 36.5 15.4
4/4/2021 57.7 37.6 -10.3 36.1 14.9
4/5/2021 58.1 36.3 -9.9 35.6 14.4
4/6/2021 58.4 34.6 -9.8 34.7 13.3
4/7/2021 58.6 32.9 -10.1 33.4 11.7
4/8/2021 59.3 31.8 -9.7 33.9 11.0
4/9/2021 60.2 31.7 -10.2 33.9 10.0
4/10/2021 60.9 31.8 -10.2 34.6 9.5
4/11/2021 61.4 32.0 -10.4 34.6 8.7
4/12/2021 62.0 32.6 -10.6 34.7 8.0
4/13/2021 62.5 33.6 -10.4 35.3 8.3
4/14/2021 63.1 35.0 -10.2 36.2 9.1
4/15/2021 63.5 36.0 -10.0 36.8 9.9
4/16/2021 63.7 37.0 -9.5 37.4 11.0
4/17/2021 64.2 37.9 -9.2 37.6 12.2
4/18/2021 64.5 38.9 -8.9 38.0 13.7
4/19/2021 64.9 40.1 -8.7 38.3 15.2
4/20/2021 65.2 41.3 -8.5 38.6 16.5
4/21/2021 65.6 42.9 -8.2 39.1 17.9
4/22/2021 66.0 44.4 -7.9 39.8 19.3
4/23/2021 66.6 46.0 -7.5 40.6 20.6
4/24/2021 67.2 48.1 -7.1 41.6 21.7
4/25/2021 67.7 50.1 -6.8 42.3 22.5
4/26/2021 68.1 51.8 -6.5 43.1 22.8
4/27/2021 68.4 53.8 -6.3 43.9 23.0
4/28/2021 68.8 55.7 -6.0 44.8 23.3
4/29/2021 69.0 57.5 -5.7 45.7 23.7
4/30/2021 69.2 58.3 -5.9 46.3 23.5
5/1/2021 69.2 58.4 -5.6 47.0 24.0
 5/2/2021 69.3 57.7 -5.5 47.4 24.4
5/3/2021 69.6 56.6 -5.1 48.1 25.2
5/4/2021 69.9 55.5 -4.9 48.7 25.8
5/5/2021 70.3 54.5 -4.6 49.4 26.4
5/6/2021 70.7 53.3 -4.2 50.3 27.0
5/7/2021 71.2 52.6 -3.4 51.5 27.8
5/8/2021 71.9 52.6 -2.7 53.1 28.4
5/9/2021 72.6 53.2 -2.1 54.1 29.1
5/10/2021 73.1 54.0 -1.8 54.8 29.5
5/11/2021 73.6 54.4 -1.7 55.3 30.2
5/12/2021 74.0 54.9 -1.7 55.5 30.8
5/13/2021 74.4 55.8 -1.7 55.5 31.2
5/14/2021 74.8 56.3 -1.6 55.5 31.7
5/15/2021 74.8 56.7 -1.6 55.3 32.1
Series are based on seven-day rolling averages. Latest data point refers to 15 May 2021.

United States Australia France

Italy United Kingdom
74.8
55.3
56.7

32.1

-1.6
12/1/...
10/1/...
11/1/...
6/1/2020

8/1/2020
9/1/2020

1/1/2021

3/1/2021

5/1/2021
3/1/2020
4/1/2020
5/1/2020

7/1/2020

2/1/2021

4/1/2021
Growth in online job postings: hospitality and tourism
% change from February 2020
Note: Series are seasonally adjusted based on historical patterns in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Series are based on seven-day
Source: Indeed.

United States
United States Australia France Italy United Kingdom 0 France
2/1/2020 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2/2/2020 0.0 -1.6 -0.5 -0.9 0.1 -10 United Kingdom
2/3/2020 0.2 -3.3 -0.7 -2.0 0.2
2/4/2020 0.3 -5.0 -0.8 -3.0 0.4
-20
2/5/2020 0.7 -6.6 -0.7 -4.0 0.6 -30
2/6/2020 0.8 -8.8 -0.5 -5.0 0.5
2/7/2020 0.4 -9.8 -0.4 -6.0 0.8 -40
2/8/2020 0.0 -10.4 0.0 -7.3 1.2
2/9/2020 -0.5 -10.7 0.7 -8.2 1.5 -50
2/10/2020 -1.0 -10.6 0.8 -9.2 1.6
2/11/2020 -1.4 -10.4 0.9 -10.7 1.3 -60
2/12/2020 -1.7 -10.3 0.9 -11.8 1.3
2/13/2020 -2.0 -10.1 0.8 -12.7 1.3 -70
2/14/2020 -2.1 -10.7 0.8 -13.7 1.2
2/15/2020 -2.3 -11.1 0.4 -14.5 0.9 -80
2/16/2020 -2.4 -11.3 -0.1 -15.4 0.6
2/17/2020 -2.7 -11.1 -0.1 -16.0 0.4 -90

2/1/...

4/1/...

6/1/...
7/1/...

9/1/...
3/1/...

5/1/...

8/1/...

10/1/...
2/18/2020 -2.8 -11.0 -0.5 -16.2 0.4
2/19/2020 -2.9 -10.5 -0.9 -16.6 0.3
2/20/2020 -3.1 -9.6 -1.0 -16.6 0.2
2/21/2020 -3.2 -8.1 -1.2 -16.4 -0.1
2/22/2020 -3.4 -7.1 -1.3 -16.2 -0.2
2/23/2020 -3.5 -6.3 -1.4 -16.0 -0.2
2/24/2020 -3.4 -5.8 -1.7 -16.0 -0.4
2/25/2020 -3.6 -5.6 -1.7 -16.1 -0.7
2/26/2020 -3.8 -5.3 -1.8 -16.1 -1.0
2/27/2020 -4.2 -4.9 -1.7 -16.4 -1.0
2/28/2020 -4.6 -4.8 -1.2 -17.1 -0.7
2/29/2020 -4.9 -5.0 -1.0 -17.3 -0.2
3/1/2020 -5.3 -5.2 -0.5 -17.8 0.1
3/2/2020 -5.9 -5.6 0.0 -18.3 0.4
3/3/2020 -6.2 -6.4 0.7 -19.3 0.9
3/4/2020 -6.5 -7.5 1.1 -20.1 1.2
3/5/2020 -6.7 -9.0 0.9 -21.2 0.9
3/6/2020 -7.1 -10.7 0.3 -22.5 0.1
3/7/2020 -7.6 -12.1 -0.4 -24.0 -0.7
3/8/2020 -8.0 -13.4 -1.4 -25.7 -1.3
3/9/2020 -8.4 -14.7 -2.6 -27.4 -2.1
3/10/2020 -8.8 -15.9 -3.8 -28.9 -3.0
3/11/2020 -8.3 -17.0 -4.6 -30.2 -4.1
3/12/2020 -8.2 -18.0 -5.3 -31.5 -5.8
3/13/2020 -8.2 -18.6 -5.9 -32.7 -7.6
3/14/2020 -8.6 -19.2 -6.4 -33.7 -10.1
3/15/2020 -9.1 -19.5 -6.9 -34.3 -12.6
3/16/2020 -9.5 -22.4 -7.2 -34.7 -15.4
3/17/2020 -10.5 -25.6 -8.1 -35.2 -19.5
3/18/2020 -14.2 -29.3 -9.6 -36.1 -24.2
3/19/2020 -18.6 -33.2 -11.3 -36.9 -28.8
3/20/2020 -23.6 -38.8 -13.3 -37.2 -33.6
3/21/2020 -28.5 -44.3 -15.3 -37.8 -38.1
3/22/2020 -33.4 -50.0 -17.4 -38.6 -42.7
3/23/2020 -38.3 -53.4 -19.6 -39.4 -46.9
3/24/2020 -42.9 -56.6 -21.6 -40.6 -49.9
3/25/2020 -45.8 -59.1 -23.6 -41.5 -52.3
3/26/2020 -47.6 -61.6 -25.6 -42.7 -54.1
3/27/2020 -49.0 -62.7 -27.1 -44.1 -55.5
3/28/2020 -50.1 -63.9 -28.6 -45.5 -56.8
3/29/2020 -51.1 -65.2 -30.0 -46.8 -58.0
3/30/2020 -52.0 -66.5 -31.3 -47.8 -59.1
3/31/2020 -52.8 -67.6 -32.3 -48.5 -60.2
4/1/2020 -53.7 -69.2 -33.2 -49.2 -61.3
4/2/2020 -54.5 -70.7 -33.8 -49.9 -62.4
4/3/2020 -55.0 -72.1 -34.6 -50.6 -63.5
4/4/2020 -56.0 -73.4 -35.5 -51.2 -64.6
4/5/2020 -57.1 -74.7 -36.3 -51.5 -65.6
4/6/2020 -57.8 -75.8 -37.3 -52.0 -66.6
4/7/2020 -58.7 -76.8 -38.3 -52.3 -67.6
4/8/2020 -59.4 -77.7 -39.4 -52.6 -68.4
4/9/2020 -60.0 -78.1 -40.5 -52.9 -69.3
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2/1/2021 -37.1 -40.1 -50.7 -59.5 -76.6
2/2/2021 -37.0 -40.4 -51.0 -59.8 -76.6
2/3/2021 -36.8 -41.0 -51.3 -60.3 -76.7
2/4/2021 -37.0 -41.8 -51.5 -61.2 -76.6
2/5/2021 -36.9 -42.7 -51.6 -62.0 -76.6
2/6/2021 -36.9 -43.4 -51.9 -62.7 -76.6
2/7/2021 -36.8 -43.8 -52.2 -63.0 -76.6
2/8/2021 -36.7 -44.6 -52.2 -63.4 -76.5
2/9/2021 -36.5 -45.1 -52.3 -63.7 -76.5
2/10/2021 -36.3 -45.1 -52.4 -64.2 -76.5
2/11/2021 -35.7 -45.0 -52.4 -64.6 -76.5
2/12/2021 -35.3 -44.9 -52.3 -64.9 -76.5
2/13/2021 -35.0 -44.6 -52.1 -65.0 -76.5
2/14/2021 -34.7 -44.3 -51.7 -65.2 -76.4
2/15/2021 -34.5 -43.8 -51.5 -65.1 -76.4
2/16/2021 -34.3 -43.4 -51.4 -65.4 -76.3
2/17/2021 -34.2 -43.2 -51.1 -65.7 -76.2
2/18/2021 -34.1 -42.8 -51.0 -65.9 -76.1
2/19/2021 -34.0 -42.2 -50.9 -66.4 -76.0
2/20/2021 -34.1 -41.5 -50.8 -66.6 -75.8
2/21/2021 -34.0 -40.7 -50.8 -66.8 -75.7
2/22/2021 -33.8 -40.3 -50.8 -67.0 -75.7
2/23/2021 -33.6 -40.0 -50.6 -66.8 -75.5
2/24/2021 -33.2 -39.9 -50.3 -66.6 -75.4
2/25/2021 -32.8 -39.5 -49.9 -66.2 -75.2
2/26/2021 -32.3 -39.1 -49.5 -65.7 -75.1
2/27/2021 -31.8 -39.0 -49.0 -65.5 -74.9
2/28/2021 -31.4 -39.6 -48.5 -65.5 -74.5
3/1/2021 -31.0 -39.9 -48.0 -65.6 -74.0
3/2/2021 -30.8 -39.8 -47.8 -65.8 -73.7
3/3/2021 -30.6 -39.7 -47.5 -65.9 -73.3
3/4/2021 -30.4 -39.7 -47.2 -66.0 -72.8
 3/5/2021 -30.1 -39.5 -47.3 -66.0 -72.4
3/6/2021 -29.7 -39.2 -47.5 -64.7 -71.9
3/7/2021 -29.4 -38.4 -47.7 -63.5 -71.4
3/8/2021 -29.0 -37.4 -47.8 -62.5 -71.1
3/9/2021 -28.5 -36.2 -47.6 -61.1 -70.6
3/10/2021 -28.0 -34.8 -47.5 -60.2 -70.2
3/11/2021 -27.6 -33.7 -45.9 -59.1 -69.7
3/12/2021 -27.2 -33.0 -45.1 -57.9 -69.0
3/13/2021 -26.8 -32.3 -43.8 -57.7 -68.5
3/14/2021 -26.5 -31.6 -42.6 -57.5 -68.0
3/15/2021 -26.2 -30.5 -41.3 -57.2 -67.4
3/16/2021 -25.9 -29.8 -40.1 -57.2 -66.8
3/17/2021 -25.7 -29.4 -38.8 -56.8 -66.1
3/18/2021 -25.3 -28.7 -39.1 -56.6 -65.5
3/19/2021 -25.0 -27.7 -38.6 -56.8 -65.0
3/20/2021 -24.8 -26.0 -38.4 -57.0 -64.3
3/21/2021 -24.7 -24.8 -38.2 -57.1 -63.7
3/22/2021 -24.5 -24.9 -38.1 -57.1 -63.1
3/23/2021 -24.3 -24.3 -38.2 -56.8 -62.5
3/24/2021 -24.2 -23.6 -38.4 -56.8 -61.9
3/25/2021 -23.9 -23.0 -38.5 -56.8 -61.3
3/26/2021 -23.7 -22.5 -38.5 -56.6 -60.5
3/27/2021 -23.2 -22.5 -38.5 -56.3 -59.6
3/28/2021 -22.7 -22.3 -38.5 -56.0 -58.8
3/29/2021 -22.1 -21.3 -38.1 -56.0 -58.0
3/30/2021 -21.7 -20.8 -37.7 -57.1 -57.0
3/31/2021 -21.2 -20.6 -37.4 -57.1 -56.0
4/1/2021 -20.8 -21.1 -37.2 -57.3 -55.7
4/2/2021 -20.4 -22.1 -37.2 -57.6 -55.8
4/3/2021 -20.0 -23.3 -37.3 -58.0 -56.0
4/4/2021 -19.6 -24.2 -37.4 -58.3 -56.1
4/5/2021 -19.4 -25.3 -38.1 -58.4 -56.2
4/6/2021 -18.9 -26.3 -38.7 -57.8 -56.7
4/7/2021 -18.5 -27.5 -39.5 -58.3 -57.3
4/8/2021 -18.0 -27.8 -39.9 -58.1 -57.2
4/9/2021 -17.1 -27.6 -40.1 -58.0 -56.8
4/10/2021 -16.2 -27.4 -40.7 -57.7 -56.4
4/11/2021 -15.3 -27.3 -41.4 -57.5 -56.0
4/12/2021 -14.4 -27.1 -42.0 -57.4 -55.7
4/13/2021 -13.6 -26.9 -42.2 -57.3 -55.1
4/14/2021 -12.7 -26.0 -42.6 -57.5 -54.4
4/15/2021 -11.7 -25.3 -43.1 -57.5 -53.8
4/16/2021 -11.3 -24.8 -43.7 -57.4 -53.4
4/17/2021 -10.8 -24.1 -44.1 -57.3 -52.9
4/18/2021 -10.3 -23.6 -44.3 -57.4 -52.3
4/19/2021 -9.8 -23.0 -44.4 -57.6 -51.7
4/20/2021 -9.3 -22.7 -44.5 -57.7 -51.1
4/21/2021 -9.0 -22.3 -44.4 -57.3 -50.5
4/22/2021 -8.9 -21.8 -44.1 -57.4 -49.8
4/23/2021 -8.7 -21.2 -43.6 -57.2 -48.9
4/24/2021 -8.5 -20.4 -42.9 -57.2 -48.2
4/25/2021 -8.4 -19.3 -42.4 -57.2 -47.4
4/26/2021 -8.3 -18.1 -41.9 -56.9 -46.8
4/27/2021 -8.3 -16.4 -41.3 -56.1 -46.1
4/28/2021 -8.3 -15.3 -40.8 -55.4 -45.2
4/29/2021 -8.4 -14.5 -40.4 -54.5 -44.4
4/30/2021 -8.5 -14.3 -39.9 -53.9 -43.6
5/1/2021 -8.5 -14.5 -39.4 -53.1 -42.6
 5/2/2021 -8.5 -14.9 -38.8 -52.2 -41.7
5/3/2021 -8.4 -15.9 -37.9 -51.3 -40.7
5/4/2021 -8.3 -16.9 -36.9 -50.6 -40.1
5/5/2021 -8.2 -17.3 -35.7 -50.1 -39.4
5/6/2021 -8.0 -17.7 -34.5 -49.8 -38.8
5/7/2021 -7.8 -17.5 -33.4 -49.4 -37.9
5/8/2021 -7.9 -17.1 -32.4 -48.8 -37.0
5/9/2021 -7.6 -16.5 -31.3 -48.4 -36.0
5/10/2021 -7.4 -15.8 -30.5 -48.2 -34.9
5/11/2021 -7.2 -14.9 -30.0 -48.1 -33.6
5/12/2021 -7.0 -14.3 -29.3 -49.1 -32.3
5/13/2021 -6.9 -13.9 -28.4 -49.8 -31.1
5/14/2021 -6.7 -13.6 -28.0 -50.4 -30.1
5/15/2021 -6.4 -13.0 -27.3 -51.0 -29.1
Series are based on seven-day rolling averages. Latest data point refers to 15 May 2021.

United States Australia

France Italy
-6.4
United Kingdom -13.0
-29.1
-27.3

-51.0
4/1/...

6/1/...
7/1/...

9/1/...

2/1/...

5/1/...
5/1/...

8/1/...

10/1/...
11/1/...
12/1/...
1/1/...

3/1/...
4/1/...
Growth in online job postings: retail
% change from February 2020
Note: Series are seasonally adjusted based on historical patterns in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Series are based on seven-day
Source: Indeed.

United States Australia France Italy United Kingdom

2/1/2020 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2/2/2020 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2
2/3/2020 -0.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3
2/4/2020 -0.8 0.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.3
2/5/2020 -0.9 0.3 -0.9 0.3 -0.3
2/6/2020 -1.1 0.2 -1.1 0.9 -0.5
2/7/2020 -1.4 -0.1 -1.3 1.5 -0.5
2/8/2020 -1.4 -0.3 -1.3 1.7 0.0
2/9/2020 -1.4 -0.4 -1.2 2.0 0.5
2/10/2020 -1.4 -0.5 -1.2 2.3 0.8
2/11/2020 -1.4 -0.5 -1.1 2.3 1.2
2/12/2020 -1.4 -0.3 -1.0 1.7 1.6
2/13/2020 -1.2 -0.1 -0.9 1.0 2.2
2/14/2020 -1.1 0.0 -0.7 0.2 2.5
2/15/2020 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 2.7
2/16/2020 -0.6 0.1 -0.8 -1.7 3.0
2/17/2020 -0.5 0.2 -0.7 -2.6 3.3
2/18/2020 -0.3 0.3 -1.3 -3.0 3.7
2/19/2020 -0.2 0.4 -1.9 -3.5 4.0
2/20/2020 -0.1 0.5 -2.4 -3.9 4.2
2/21/2020 0.2 0.7 -3.1 -3.8 4.5
2/22/2020 0.1 0.9 -3.5 -3.3 4.7
2/23/2020 0.1 1.4 -3.7 -2.7 4.8
2/24/2020 0.0 1.7 -4.2 -2.2 4.7
2/25/2020 -0.1 1.8 -4.0 -1.6 4.6
2/26/2020 -0.2 2.1 -3.9 -1.2 4.4
2/27/2020 -0.2 2.4 -3.9 -0.5 4.2
2/28/2020 -0.3 2.8 -3.8 -0.1 4.2
2/29/2020 -0.4 3.2 -3.9 0.5 4.1
3/1/2020 -0.6 3.3 -4.1 0.7 3.7
3/2/2020 -0.8 3.4 -4.3 1.0 3.6
3/3/2020 -0.9 3.6 -4.5 1.1 3.6
3/4/2020 -1.2 4.0 -4.7 1.1 3.9
3/5/2020 -1.4 4.3 -4.8 1.0 4.1
3/6/2020 -1.8 4.4 -4.8 1.0 4.1
3/7/2020 -1.9 4.5 -4.7 0.6 4.2
3/8/2020 -2.0 4.7 -4.7 0.4 4.5
3/9/2020 -2.2 4.7 -4.7 -0.1 4.6
3/10/2020 -2.3 4.5 -4.4 -0.7 4.6
3/11/2020 -2.6 4.3 -4.1 -1.3 4.5
3/12/2020 -3.1 4.1 -3.7 -1.9 4.3
3/13/2020 -3.6 3.7 -3.7 -2.8 4.0
3/14/2020 -4.2 3.5 -3.8 -3.2 3.5
3/15/2020 -4.7 3.2 -4.0 -3.4 3.0
3/16/2020 -5.1 2.8 -4.4 -3.6 2.4
3/17/2020 -5.8 2.1 -5.6 -3.9 1.1
3/18/2020 -6.1 1.2 -7.0 -4.1 -0.9
3/19/2020 -6.1 -0.3 -8.6 -4.5 -3.3
3/20/2020 -6.4 -2.5 -10.4 -5.0 -5.5
3/21/2020 -7.0 -4.8 -12.2 -6.0 -8.2
3/22/2020 -7.5 -7.1 -14.0 -7.5 -11.3
3/23/2020 -7.9 -10.1 -15.6 -8.7 -14.6
3/24/2020 -8.5 -13.3 -16.9 -9.7 -18.0
3/25/2020 -9.2 -16.9 -18.2 -10.7 -21.3
3/26/2020 -10.5 -20.5 -19.8 -11.6 -24.7
3/27/2020 -11.8 -23.6 -20.8 -12.6 -28.8
3/28/2020 -12.7 -26.6 -21.9 -13.4 -32.5
3/29/2020 -13.8 -29.4 -22.9 -13.9 -35.6
3/30/2020 -14.9 -31.6 -23.9 -14.6 -38.5
3/31/2020 -15.9 -33.7 -25.0 -15.6 -40.9
4/1/2020 -17.3 -35.4 -26.1 -17.1 -42.9
4/2/2020 -18.5 -36.8 -27.1 -18.5 -44.5
4/3/2020 -19.5 -38.0 -28.3 -19.9 -45.4
4/4/2020 -20.9 -39.2 -29.5 -20.9 -46.2
4/5/2020 -22.3 -40.5 -30.8 -21.7 -46.9
4/6/2020 -23.4 -41.7 -32.0 -22.4 -47.8
4/7/2020 -24.6 -42.8 -33.2 -22.9 -48.8
4/8/2020 -25.1 -43.9 -34.3 -23.2 -49.6
4/9/2020 -25.8 -44.7 -35.3 -23.6 -50.5
4/10/2020 -26.7 -45.3 -36.3 -24.1 -51.6
4/11/2020 -27.3 -46.0 -37.4 -24.9 -52.6
4/12/2020 -27.8 -46.5 -38.5 -25.8 -53.7
4/13/2020 -28.6 -47.1 -39.6 -26.7 -54.6
4/14/2020 -29.4 -47.3 -40.6 -27.7 -55.4
4/15/2020 -30.2 -47.5 -41.2 -28.5 -56.2
4/16/2020 -31.1 -47.7 -41.8 -29.3 -56.9
4/17/2020 -31.9 -47.9 -42.2 -30.1 -57.6
4/18/2020 -32.7 -48.0 -42.5 -30.6 -58.1
4/19/2020 -33.5 -48.2 -42.7 -31.4 -58.6
4/20/2020 -34.0 -48.1 -43.1 -32.4 -59.2
4/21/2020 -34.6 -48.2 -43.2 -33.3 -59.5
4/22/2020 -35.0 -48.2 -43.5 -34.1 -59.9
4/23/2020 -35.5 -48.2 -43.5 -35.0 -60.1
4/24/2020 -35.6 -48.1 -43.3 -35.5 -60.3
4/25/2020 -35.6 -48.1 -43.2 -36.0 -60.5
4/26/2020 -35.6 -48.0 -43.1 -36.3 -60.6
4/27/2020 -35.9 -48.1 -42.9 -36.5 -60.8
4/28/2020 -36.1 -48.3 -42.8 -36.5 -61.0
4/29/2020 -36.3 -48.4 -42.6 -36.5 -61.0
4/30/2020 -36.4 -48.7 -42.8 -36.3 -61.1
5/1/2020 -36.5 -49.2 -43.1 -36.5 -61.1
5/2/2020 -37.0 -49.5 -43.4 -36.7 -61.1
5/3/2020 -37.6 -49.8 -43.6 -37.1 -61.2
5/4/2020 -38.2 -50.1 -43.7 -37.3 -61.2
5/5/2020 -38.6 -50.2 -43.9 -37.7 -61.2
5/6/2020 -38.7 -50.3 -44.1 -38.0 -61.2
5/7/2020 -38.9 -50.1 -44.3 -38.6 -61.3
5/8/2020 -38.9 -49.8 -44.3 -39.0 -61.4
5/9/2020 -38.4 -49.6 -44.2 -39.2 -61.6
5/10/2020 -37.8 -49.3 -44.2 -39.5 -61.8
5/11/2020 -37.4 -49.0 -44.2 -39.9 -62.0
5/12/2020 -37.1 -48.7 -44.2 -40.4 -62.2
5/13/2020 -37.2 -48.5 -44.1 -41.1 -62.5
5/14/2020 -36.9 -48.2 -44.0 -41.6 -62.9
5/15/2020 -36.5 -47.9 -43.9 -42.3 -63.3
5/16/2020 -36.3 -47.5 -43.8 -43.0 -63.7
5/17/2020 -36.1 -47.2 -43.9 -43.6 -64.1
5/18/2020 -35.8 -46.9 -43.8 -44.1 -64.4
5/19/2020 -35.4 -46.3 -43.5 -44.4 -64.8
5/20/2020 -34.7 -45.7 -43.5 -44.8 -64.8
5/21/2020 -34.2 -45.0 -43.4 -44.8 -64.8
5/22/2020 -33.8 -44.4 -43.5 -44.9 -64.7
5/23/2020 -33.2 -43.9 -43.6 -44.5 -64.5
5/24/2020 -32.8 -43.5 -43.7 -43.9 -64.4
5/25/2020 -32.3 -43.2 -43.9 -43.5 -64.3
5/26/2020 -31.8 -43.0 -44.2 -43.1 -64.3
5/27/2020 -31.3 -42.8 -44.2 -42.2 -64.4
5/28/2020 -31.0 -42.8 -44.3 -41.5 -64.7
5/29/2020 -30.7 -42.6 -44.2 -40.6 -64.7
5/30/2020 -30.2 -42.2 -44.1 -39.9 -64.8
5/31/2020 -29.7 -41.8 -44.0 -39.4 -64.9
6/1/2020 -29.2 -41.2 -43.9 -39.0 -64.9
6/2/2020 -28.7 -40.7 -43.8 -38.7 -64.7
6/3/2020 -28.1 -40.1 -43.9 -38.8 -64.4
6/4/2020 -27.5 -39.3 -43.8 -38.7 -64.1
6/5/2020 -27.0 -38.5 -43.4 -38.5 -63.8
6/6/2020 -26.6 -37.9 -43.0 -38.4 -63.5
6/7/2020 -26.3 -37.3 -42.5 -38.0 -63.2
6/8/2020 -26.0 -36.6 -42.0 -37.7 -63.0
6/9/2020 -25.7 -36.1 -41.4 -37.2 -62.7
6/10/2020 -25.6 -35.5 -40.9 -36.7 -62.7
6/11/2020 -25.4 -35.1 -40.5 -36.3 -62.5
6/12/2020 -25.2 -34.7 -40.4 -35.8 -62.5
6/13/2020 -24.9 -34.2 -40.4 -35.3 -62.5
6/14/2020 -24.3 -33.7 -40.3 -34.9 -62.4
6/15/2020 -23.6 -33.4 -40.3 -34.3 -62.3
6/16/2020 -22.9 -33.0 -40.3 -33.6 -62.2
6/17/2020 -22.1 -32.7 -40.4 -33.0 -62.1
6/18/2020 -21.4 -32.5 -40.5 -32.6 -62.0
6/19/2020 -20.6 -32.3 -40.7 -32.3 -61.9
6/20/2020 -19.7 -32.2 -41.0 -32.1 -61.7
6/21/2020 -18.8 -31.9 -41.3 -32.0 -61.5
6/22/2020 -17.9 -33.4 -41.6 -32.2 -61.3
6/23/2020 -17.5 -35.3 -42.0 -32.7 -61.2
6/24/2020 -17.1 -36.8 -42.2 -33.0 -60.9
6/25/2020 -16.8 -38.5 -42.4 -33.2 -60.7
6/26/2020 -16.6 -40.1 -42.5 -33.3 -60.3
6/27/2020 -16.7 -41.8 -42.4 -33.7 -60.0
6/28/2020 -16.8 -43.6 -42.3 -33.6 -59.7
6/29/2020 -17.0 -43.5 -42.2 -33.2 -59.5
6/30/2020 -16.7 -43.3 -41.9 -32.5 -59.2
7/1/2020 -16.4 -43.3 -41.6 -32.1 -59.1
7/2/2020 -16.0 -43.1 -41.1 -31.7 -59.0
7/3/2020 -15.6 -43.0 -40.6 -31.3 -58.8
7/4/2020 -15.1 -42.7 -40.0 -30.5 -58.5
7/5/2020 -14.7 -42.4 -39.3 -30.0 -58.1
7/6/2020 -14.2 -41.8 -38.5 -29.5 -57.9
7/7/2020 -13.9 -41.0 -37.9 -29.5 -57.6
7/8/2020 -13.4 -40.2 -37.3 -28.6 -57.3
7/9/2020 -12.8 -39.5 -36.8 -27.9 -56.9
7/10/2020 -12.3 -38.6 -36.3 -27.0 -56.6
7/11/2020 -11.7 -38.0 -36.1 -26.9 -56.7
7/12/2020 -11.0 -37.3 -35.8 -26.5 -56.7
7/13/2020 -10.3 -36.8 -35.6 -26.1 -56.6
7/14/2020 -9.7 -36.5 -35.4 -25.2 -56.5
7/15/2020 -9.3 -36.0 -35.4 -25.0 -56.3
7/16/2020 -9.0 -35.6 -35.4 -24.6 -56.2
7/17/2020 -8.8 -35.6 -35.6 -24.5 -56.2
7/18/2020 -8.7 -35.6 -35.7 -23.9 -56.1
7/19/2020 -8.3 -35.6 -35.8 -23.6 -55.9
7/20/2020 -7.9 -35.7 -36.0 -23.3 -55.6
7/21/2020 -7.4 -35.7 -36.2 -23.3 -55.4
7/22/2020 -6.7 -35.7 -36.1 -23.3 -55.2
7/23/2020 -6.0 -35.7 -35.9 -23.6 -54.9
7/24/2020 -4.9 -35.6 -35.6 -23.7 -54.4
7/25/2020 -3.4 -35.3 -35.3 -23.8 -53.9
7/26/2020 -2.2 -35.2 -35.0 -24.1 -53.6
7/27/2020 -1.0 -35.2 -34.7 -24.4 -53.1
7/28/2020 0.0 -35.0 -34.4 -24.7 -52.9
7/29/2020 1.0 -34.9 -34.2 -25.1 -52.6
7/30/2020 1.8 -34.6 -33.9 -25.4 -52.3
7/31/2020 2.2 -34.6 -33.7 -25.6 -52.2
8/1/2020 2.0 -34.7 -33.6 -26.3 -52.0
8/2/2020 1.5 -34.9 -33.6 -26.8 -51.9
8/3/2020 1.0 -34.9 -33.6 -27.4 -51.8
8/4/2020 0.4 -35.1 -33.6 -27.8 -51.7
8/5/2020 0.0 -35.5 -33.3 -27.5 -51.4
8/6/2020 -0.8 -36.2 -33.0 -27.2 -50.9
8/7/2020 -1.7 -36.7 -32.7 -26.9 -50.2
8/8/2020 -2.2 -37.1 -32.2 -26.5 -49.6
8/9/2020 -2.7 -37.4 -31.8 -26.0 -49.0
8/10/2020 -3.1 -37.8 -31.4 -25.3 -48.5
8/11/2020 -3.5 -38.2 -30.6 -24.7 -47.8
8/12/2020 -4.2 -38.5 -30.1 -24.5 -47.2
8/13/2020 -4.7 -37.7 -29.6 -24.6 -46.8
8/14/2020 -4.9 -36.8 -29.0 -24.8 -46.4
8/15/2020 -5.2 -36.3 -28.3 -25.2 -46.0
8/16/2020 -5.3 -35.5 -27.6 -25.5 -45.6
8/17/2020 -5.4 -34.9 -26.7 -25.8 -45.1
8/18/2020 -5.5 -34.2 -26.0 -26.0 -44.6
8/19/2020 -5.3 -33.6 -25.1 -26.1 -44.1
8/20/2020 -5.0 -33.7 -24.2 -26.0 -43.7
8/21/2020 -4.8 -33.7 -23.5 -25.7 -43.2
8/22/2020 -4.4 -33.4 -22.9 -25.2 -43.0
8/23/2020 -4.3 -33.3 -22.2 -24.8 -42.7
8/24/2020 -4.1 -32.6 -21.6 -24.4 -42.6
8/25/2020 -3.7 -31.9 -21.1 -24.3 -42.6
8/26/2020 -3.6 -31.1 -20.8 -24.1 -42.7
8/27/2020 -3.5 -30.7 -20.6 -24.1 -42.7
8/28/2020 -3.4 -30.0 -20.5 -24.1 -42.8
8/29/2020 -3.3 -29.5 -20.2 -24.3 -42.7
8/30/2020 -3.1 -29.0 -19.9 -24.4 -42.5
8/31/2020 -3.0 -28.7 -19.8 -24.5 -42.3
9/1/2020 -3.2 -28.6 -19.8 -25.0 -42.4
9/2/2020 -3.4 -28.8 -19.7 -25.4 -42.6
9/3/2020 -3.5 -28.7 -19.6 -25.5 -42.6
9/4/2020 -3.6 -29.1 -19.3 -25.7 -42.7
9/5/2020 -3.7 -29.8 -19.2 -25.9 -42.8
9/6/2020 -3.8 -30.4 -19.0 -26.0 -43.0
9/7/2020 -4.0 -31.0 -18.7 -26.2 -43.3
9/8/2020 -4.0 -31.7 -18.3 -26.0 -43.3
9/9/2020 -4.2 -32.4 -18.0 -25.8 -43.1
9/10/2020 -4.2 -33.1 -17.7 -25.8 -43.0
9/11/2020 -4.1 -33.8 -17.3 -25.4 -42.6
9/12/2020 -4.1 -34.2 -17.2 -25.0 -42.5
 9/13/2020 -4.1 -34.5 -17.1 -24.4 -42.2
9/14/2020 -4.0 -33.7 -17.1 -24.0 -41.9
9/15/2020 -3.7 -32.7 -17.4 -23.5 -41.5
9/16/2020 -3.2 -31.7 -17.5 -23.0 -40.9
9/17/2020 -2.9 -30.3 -17.6 -22.5 -40.4
9/18/2020 -2.8 -28.7 -17.9 -22.3 -40.2
9/19/2020 -2.7 -27.0 -18.1 -21.9 -39.8
9/20/2020 -2.5 -25.0 -18.3 -21.8 -39.5
9/21/2020 -2.3 -24.1 -18.6 -21.6 -39.2
9/22/2020 -2.2 -22.9 -18.8 -21.3 -39.2
9/23/2020 -2.1 -21.5 -19.1 -20.7 -39.4
9/24/2020 -1.9 -20.1 -19.4 -20.3 -39.6
9/25/2020 -1.7 -18.5 -19.7 -19.8 -39.7
9/26/2020 -1.4 -17.0 -19.8 -19.5 -39.8
9/27/2020 -1.3 -15.7 -19.9 -18.9 -39.8
9/28/2020 -1.1 -14.4 -19.9 -18.1 -39.9
9/29/2020 -0.9 -12.9 -19.7 -17.3 -39.9
9/30/2020 -0.9 -11.3 -19.6 -17.1 -39.7
10/1/2020 -1.0 -9.6 -19.9 -17.3 -38.5
10/2/2020 -1.0 -8.3 -19.9 -17.3 -37.1
10/3/2020 -1.0 -7.2 -19.9 -17.1 -35.8
10/4/2020 -0.9 -6.2 -19.9 -17.3 -34.3
10/5/2020 -0.9 -5.7 -19.8 -17.6 -32.8
10/6/2020 -0.8 -5.2 -19.6 -18.1 -31.3
10/7/2020 -0.5 -2.7 -19.1 -18.2 -30.0
10/8/2020 -0.1 -0.5 -18.2 -17.5 -29.7
10/9/2020 0.3 2.2 -17.2 -17.0 -29.5
10/10/2020 0.8 5.0 -16.3 -16.3 -29.5
10/11/2020 1.3 8.1 -15.1 -15.4 -29.4
10/12/2020 1.8 11.4 -14.0 -14.7 -29.5
10/13/2020 1.9 14.3 -13.5 -14.2 -29.7
10/14/2020 1.8 14.4 -12.9 -13.4 -29.7
10/15/2020 1.7 14.5 -12.3 -12.6 -29.8
10/16/2020 1.9 14.4 -11.8 -12.1 -30.0
10/17/2020 1.7 14.1 -11.6 -11.6 -30.2
10/18/2020 1.8 13.9 -11.5 -11.5 -30.3
10/19/2020 1.8 13.2 -11.3 -11.8 -30.5
10/20/2020 2.2 13.2 -11.0 -11.1 -30.5
10/21/2020 2.5 14.0 -10.6 -10.4 -30.7
10/22/2020 2.8 14.7 -10.5 -9.9 -30.9
10/23/2020 2.8 15.4 -10.6 -9.3 -30.9
10/24/2020 3.1 15.7 -10.5 -8.8 -31.1
10/25/2020 3.1 15.8 -10.5 -7.8 -31.2
10/26/2020 3.2 16.2 -10.7 -6.7 -31.4
10/27/2020 3.2 16.5 -10.8 -5.8 -31.5
10/28/2020 3.2 16.6 -11.2 -5.0 -31.6
10/29/2020 3.1 16.9 -11.4 -4.2 -31.6
10/30/2020 3.0 17.3 -11.6 -3.3 -31.6
10/31/2020 2.8 18.0 -11.9 -2.5 -31.8
11/1/2020 2.6 18.9 -12.4 -2.3 -32.0
11/2/2020 2.4 20.1 -12.4 -1.5 -32.2
11/3/2020 2.1 21.0 -12.9 -0.9 -32.7
11/4/2020 2.1 21.8 -13.4 -0.4 -33.2
11/5/2020 2.1 22.4 -14.2 0.1 -33.8
11/6/2020 2.2 22.8 -15.1 0.5 -34.4
11/7/2020 2.5 23.3 -16.0 1.0 -34.8
11/8/2020 2.9 23.7 -16.9 2.0 -35.1
11/9/2020 3.3 24.0 -17.8 2.3 -35.5
11/10/2020 3.8 24.3 -18.7 2.9 -35.7
11/11/2020 4.3 24.7 -19.4 3.3 -35.9
11/12/2020 4.7 24.9 -20.2 3.5 -36.2
11/13/2020 5.2 25.5 -20.9 3.5 -36.4
11/14/2020 5.1 25.9 -21.5 3.5 -36.6
11/15/2020 5.3 26.4 -22.0 3.3 -36.7
11/16/2020 5.4 26.8 -22.6 3.2 -36.7
11/17/2020 5.2 27.5 -23.1 2.8 -36.7
11/18/2020 5.0 28.0 -23.6 1.6 -36.6
11/19/2020 4.8 28.8 -24.0 0.1 -36.5
11/20/2020 4.5 29.1 -24.4 -1.3 -36.5
11/21/2020 4.6 29.8 -24.7 -2.6 -36.5
11/22/2020 4.5 30.4 -25.0 -3.8 -36.6
11/23/2020 4.5 31.2 -25.2 -4.8 -36.6
11/24/2020 4.8 32.0 -25.4 -6.1 -36.6
11/25/2020 5.0 33.0 -25.3 -6.5 -36.5
11/26/2020 5.2 34.5 -25.0 -6.8 -36.1
11/27/2020 5.3 36.2 -24.6 -6.8 -35.7
11/28/2020 5.2 38.1 -24.2 -7.1 -35.0
11/29/2020 5.1 40.0 -23.9 -7.7 -34.3
11/30/2020 5.0 42.2 -23.6 -8.4 -33.5
12/1/2020 4.6 44.0 -23.1 -8.9 -32.9
12/2/2020 4.1 45.5 -22.8 -10.0 -32.2
12/3/2020 3.6 46.6 -22.5 -10.3 -31.4
12/4/2020 3.4 47.7 -22.1 -10.7 -30.5
12/5/2020 3.1 48.5 -21.6 -10.8 -29.6
12/6/2020 2.6 49.2 -21.0 -10.9 -28.7
12/7/2020 2.5 49.1 -20.7 -11.1 -28.0
12/8/2020 2.4 49.1 -20.3 -11.6 -27.2
12/9/2020 2.5 49.6 -20.0 -12.1 -26.5
12/10/2020 2.6 50.0 -19.8 -13.4 -26.2
12/11/2020 2.8 50.4 -19.5 -14.4 -25.9
12/12/2020 3.2 50.6 -19.2 -15.5 -25.9
12/13/2020 3.9 51.3 -18.7 -16.5 -25.9
12/14/2020 4.4 51.4 -18.2 -17.3 -25.7
12/15/2020 4.9 51.4 -17.7 -17.5 -25.5
12/16/2020 5.6 51.2 -17.3 -17.5 -25.5
12/17/2020 6.3 50.5 -16.8 -17.3 -25.7
12/18/2020 6.6 47.7 -16.3 -17.2 -25.8
12/19/2020 6.8 45.0 -16.0 -17.3 -25.9
12/20/2020 6.9 41.9 -15.8 -17.2 -25.9
12/21/2020 6.9 39.7 -15.5 -17.1 -25.8
12/22/2020 6.9 33.6 -15.3 -17.5 -25.7
12/23/2020 6.7 27.4 -15.2 -17.6 -25.8
12/24/2020 6.4 21.4 -15.1 -17.6 -25.6
12/25/2020 6.3 17.2 -15.2 -17.6 -25.6
12/26/2020 6.1 13.0 -15.3 -17.8 -25.6
12/27/2020 6.0 8.7 -15.3 -18.0 -25.7
12/28/2020 5.8 4.4 -15.4 -18.1 -25.8
12/29/2020 5.6 4.0 -15.4 -17.8 -26.2
12/30/2020 5.2 3.2 -15.3 -17.2 -26.7
12/31/2020 4.8 1.8 -15.2 -16.8 -27.6
1/1/2021 4.1 0.0 -14.8 -17.3 -29.0
1/2/2021 3.0 -2.3 -14.5 -17.8 -30.9
1/3/2021 1.8 -4.9 -14.2 -18.4 -33.5
1/4/2021 0.4 -7.4 -14.0 -19.1 -36.5
1/5/2021 -0.9 -9.7 -13.8 -19.8 -38.8
1/6/2021 -1.5 -11.5 -13.4 -20.8 -40.7
 1/7/2021 -2.0 -12.7 -12.9 -21.7 -42.1
1/8/2021 -2.2 -13.3 -12.7 -21.4 -43.0
1/9/2021 -2.1 -14.0 -12.2 -20.9 -43.3
1/10/2021 -1.8 -14.4 -11.6 -20.5 -43.3
1/11/2021 -1.3 -14.9 -10.8 -20.3 -43.2
1/12/2021 -0.7 -15.5 -10.3 -20.2 -43.4
1/13/2021 -0.8 -16.1 -9.9 -20.1 -43.9
1/14/2021 -0.6 -16.5 -9.5 -19.7 -44.4
1/15/2021 -0.6 -16.5 -9.3 -20.0 -45.1
1/16/2021 -0.4 -16.3 -9.4 -20.2 -45.8
1/17/2021 -0.4 -16.0 -9.5 -20.3 -46.3
1/18/2021 -0.5 -15.3 -9.8 -20.4 -46.7
1/19/2021 -0.6 -14.3 -10.1 -20.3 -47.1
1/20/2021 -0.5 -13.1 -10.6 -20.5 -47.3
1/21/2021 -0.6 -12.0 -11.2 -20.6 -47.6
1/22/2021 -0.7 -10.9 -11.3 -20.5 -47.8
1/23/2021 -1.0 -9.8 -11.6 -20.4 -48.0
1/24/2021 -1.2 -8.6 -11.8 -20.1 -48.1
1/25/2021 -1.4 -7.7 -12.1 -19.7 -48.2
1/26/2021 -1.5 -7.2 -12.4 -19.4 -48.3
1/27/2021 -1.9 -7.0 -12.9 -19.1 -48.3
1/28/2021 -1.9 -6.3 -13.3 -18.7 -48.3
1/29/2021 -2.0 -5.1 -13.9 -18.3 -48.4
1/30/2021 -1.9 -3.9 -14.5 -17.9 -48.4
1/31/2021 -1.9 -2.8 -15.0 -17.8 -48.4
2/1/2021 -1.8 -1.6 -15.4 -17.9 -48.5
2/2/2021 -1.6 -0.1 -15.7 -17.9 -48.4
2/3/2021 -1.1 1.3 -15.8 -17.9 -48.3
2/4/2021 -1.1 2.3 -16.0 -17.9 -48.2
2/5/2021 -0.4 2.9 -16.0 -17.8 -47.9
2/6/2021 0.0 3.4 -16.0 -17.5 -47.7
2/7/2021 0.5 4.0 -16.0 -17.2 -47.5
2/8/2021 0.8 4.6 -16.1 -16.6 -47.1
2/9/2021 1.2 5.1 -16.0 -15.7 -46.8
2/10/2021 1.4 5.9 -16.1 -14.9 -46.5
2/11/2021 2.1 6.7 -15.9 -14.2 -46.2
2/12/2021 2.3 7.6 -15.7 -13.5 -45.8
2/13/2021 2.4 8.5 -15.7 -13.1 -45.3
2/14/2021 2.7 9.4 -15.5 -13.0 -44.8
2/15/2021 3.1 10.1 -15.5 -12.8 -44.4
2/16/2021 3.3 10.7 -15.4 -12.9 -44.0
2/17/2021 2.9 11.1 -15.2 -13.3 -43.7
2/18/2021 2.8 11.5 -15.1 -13.4 -43.3
2/19/2021 2.6 11.9 -15.0 -13.6 -43.2
2/20/2021 2.8 12.4 -14.8 -13.5 -43.2
2/21/2021 2.8 12.8 -14.7 -13.1 -43.3
2/22/2021 2.9 13.4 -14.4 -12.9 -43.4
2/23/2021 2.9 14.2 -14.2 -12.4 -43.3
2/24/2021 3.4 14.9 -14.1 -11.5 -43.3
2/25/2021 3.6 15.9 -14.0 -11.0 -43.1
2/26/2021 3.9 16.9 -14.4 -10.4 -42.8
2/27/2021 4.1 17.8 -14.7 -9.8 -42.4
2/28/2021 4.2 18.7 -15.0 -9.2 -41.8
3/1/2021 4.2 19.5 -15.3 -9.0 -41.2
3/2/2021 4.1 20.0 -15.7 -9.0 -40.5
3/3/2021 4.2 20.4 -16.2 -9.2 -39.9
3/4/2021 4.2 21.0 -16.3 -9.2 -39.3
3/5/2021 4.3 21.4 -16.0 -9.0 -38.7
 3/6/2021 4.2 21.9 -15.6 -9.3 -38.0
3/7/2021 4.2 22.3 -15.4 -9.5 -37.5
3/8/2021 4.4 22.5 -15.2 -9.7 -36.9
3/9/2021 4.8 23.0 -14.6 -9.6 -36.3
3/10/2021 5.1 23.4 -14.2 -9.6 -35.6
3/11/2021 5.5 23.5 -13.5 -10.1 -34.8
3/12/2021 5.9 23.1 -13.2 -10.7 -34.1
3/13/2021 6.6 22.7 -12.9 -11.2 -33.3
3/14/2021 7.1 22.2 -12.7 -11.7 -32.5
3/15/2021 7.5 22.0 -12.3 -12.1 -31.8
3/16/2021 7.8 21.6 -12.1 -12.8 -31.1
3/17/2021 8.0 21.4 -12.0 -13.3 -30.5
3/18/2021 8.5 21.2 -12.2 -13.8 -29.8
3/19/2021 8.9 21.5 -12.0 -14.5 -29.0
3/20/2021 9.2 22.0 -11.6 -15.4 -28.2
3/21/2021 9.5 22.5 -11.2 -15.9 -27.3
3/22/2021 9.8 22.9 -10.8 -16.4 -26.5
3/23/2021 10.3 23.2 -11.1 -16.7 -25.7
3/24/2021 11.0 23.7 -11.3 -17.3 -24.7
3/25/2021 11.5 24.1 -11.6 -17.5 -23.9
3/26/2021 12.1 24.3 -12.0 -17.8 -22.6
3/27/2021 12.7 24.4 -12.5 -17.5 -21.4
3/28/2021 13.3 24.4 -13.0 -17.5 -20.1
3/29/2021 13.9 25.0 -13.3 -17.2 -18.7
3/30/2021 14.5 25.9 -13.2 -17.0 -17.3
3/31/2021 15.0 26.6 -12.9 -16.4 -15.8
4/1/2021 15.4 27.3 -12.9 -16.9 -14.9
4/2/2021 15.7 28.1 -12.7 -16.6 -14.5
4/3/2021 16.0 28.9 -12.7 -16.7 -14.5
4/4/2021 16.3 29.6 -12.6 -16.4 -14.5
4/5/2021 16.7 29.8 -12.5 -15.9 -14.6
4/6/2021 17.1 29.3 -12.7 -15.6 -15.3
4/7/2021 17.5 28.8 -13.0 -15.6 -16.1
4/8/2021 18.0 28.4 -13.0 -14.4 -16.4
4/9/2021 18.6 28.1 -13.3 -13.6 -16.5
4/10/2021 19.2 27.8 -13.4 -12.6 -16.4
4/11/2021 19.7 27.7 -13.7 -11.9 -16.3
4/12/2021 20.3 28.0 -14.0 -11.3 -16.2
4/13/2021 20.8 28.9 -14.0 -10.2 -15.2
4/14/2021 21.4 29.9 -14.1 -8.9 -14.1
4/15/2021 22.0 30.7 -14.2 -7.9 -13.0
4/16/2021 22.5 31.7 -14.3 -7.1 -11.7
4/17/2021 22.8 32.8 -14.3 -6.5 -10.3
4/18/2021 23.3 33.8 -14.4 -5.8 -8.9
4/19/2021 23.8 34.7 -14.4 -5.6 -7.5
4/20/2021 24.3 35.7 -14.3 -5.6 -6.0
4/21/2021 24.7 36.4 -14.0 -5.7 -4.7
4/22/2021 25.1 37.1 -13.8 -5.6 -3.4
4/23/2021 25.5 37.8 -13.4 -4.9 -2.2
4/24/2021 26.2 38.4 -13.1 -3.8 -1.1
4/25/2021 26.5 38.9 -12.9 -2.6 -0.1
4/26/2021 26.8 39.2 -12.8 -1.2 0.9
4/27/2021 27.1 39.2 -12.7 0.3 1.5
4/28/2021 27.4 39.2 -12.8 1.9 2.3
4/29/2021 27.6 39.3 -12.6 3.5 3.4
4/30/2021 27.6 39.3 -12.5 4.6 4.3
5/1/2021 27.7 38.7 -12.3 5.4 5.1
5/2/2021 27.6 38.0 -12.0 6.3 6.0
 5/3/2021 27.7 36.9 -11.6 7.1 7.0
5/4/2021 27.7 36.5 -11.1 7.8 7.5
5/5/2021 27.7 36.4 -10.5 8.3 8.3
5/6/2021 27.8 36.3 -9.8 8.8 9.0
5/7/2021 27.5 36.3 -9.0 9.5 10.0
5/8/2021 27.5 37.0 -8.1 9.8 11.1
5/9/2021 27.9 37.8 -7.1 9.7 12.0
5/10/2021 28.3 39.3 -6.2 9.4 12.5
5/11/2021 28.8 39.8 -5.2 9.4 13.6
5/12/2021 29.4 40.7 -4.2 9.3 14.3
5/13/2021 29.9 41.8 -3.1 9.1 14.7
5/14/2021 30.7 42.8 -2.3 9.1 14.8
5/15/2021 31.2 44.0 -1.4 9.4 15.0
Series are based on seven-day rolling averages. Latest data point refers to 15 May 2021.

United States Australia

60 France Italy
United Kingdom 44.0
40
31.2
20 9.415.0
0 -1.4
-20

-40

-60

-80
2/1/...

4/1/...

6/1/...

8/1/...

10/1/...

12/1/...

2/1/...

4/1/...
Export volumes
% change between 2019Q4 and 2020Q4 (solid bars) or 2021Q1 (dashed bars)
Note: Latest available quarter on 25 May 2021, refers to 2020Q4 for all countries except for ESP, FRA, GBR, IDN, ISR, JPN
Source: OECD National Accounts database; and OECD calculations.

Goods Services
GBR -27.6 ZAF -59.8
FRA -9.1 IDN -56.7
CHE -5.1 GRC -55.4
CAN -3.9 ISL -51.1 15
USA -3.8 NZL -50.7
AUS -3.1 ESP -48.4
10
LUX -3.1 AUS -42.2
BRA -3.0 PRT -37.7
5
DEU -2.8 ITA -35.1 0
DNK -1.8 CHL -34.5
ITA -1.7 JPN -24.7 -5
AUT -1.7 USA -24.2
ISL -1.5 LVA -22.6 -10
ESP -0.7 AUT -21.9
PRT -0.4 GBR -21.5 -15
NOR 1.3 CAN -20.0
NZL 1.8 CHE -18.3 -20
NLD 1.8 SVN -18.1
SVN 2.2 DNK -17.1 -25
JPN 2.6 CZE -16.7
SWE 3.5 FRA -16.3 -30
FIN 4.1 DEU -14.8 G F C C U A LU B D
KOR 4.4 NOR -14.5 B R H A S UX R E
ZAF 5.0 BRA -13.6 R A E N A S A U
IDN 5.2 NLD -12.6
CHL 5.9 FIN -12.4
ISR 8.8 LTU -6.6
CZE 9.0 KOR -5.0
CHN 9.4 SWE -4.1 15
POL 9.7 POL -3.3
LTU 10.9 ISR 4.7 5
GRC 13.6 IRL 6.5
IRL 14.0 LUX 8.2 -5
LVA 14.4 CHN 9.4
-15
-25
-35
-45
-55
-65
Z ID G IS N E A P IT
A N R L ZL S U R A
F C P S T
ESP, FRA, GBR, IDN, ISR, JPN, KOR, NLD, USA, which refers to 2021Q1. In the case of services, data for NOR also refers to 2021Q1

Goods
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
G F C C U A LU B D D IT A IS E P N N NL S JP S FI K Z ID C IS C C P LT G IR LV
B R H A S U X R E N A U L S R O ZL D V N W N O A N HL R Z H O U R L A
R A E N A S A U K T P T R N E R F E N L C

Services
15
5
-5
-15
-25
-35
-45
-55
-65
Z ID G IS N E A P IT C JP U LV A G C C S D C F D N B NL FI LT K S P IS IR LU C
A N R L ZL S U R A HL N S A U B A H V N Z R E O R D N U O W O R L X H
F C P S T A T R N E N K E A U R A R E L N
a for NOR also refers to 2021Q1.
 -9

-12
CHL MEX USA TUR ISL ESP EST SVK PRT ITA LVA LTU FIN AUT SWE CZE IRL HUN
November 2019 projection May 2021 projection Downside scenario
Upside scenario
2022 GDP growth by region
Year-on-year, %
Note: In the upside scenario, faster progress in deploying effective vaccines globally and more effective efforts to suppress
stronger boost to consumer and business confidence and spending. In the downside scenario, vaccine production and depl
vaccines, confidence and private sector spending are weaker, some capital is scrapped and there is greater risk aversion in
regional aggregates is defined using the NiGEM macroeconomic model definitions.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 109 database; and OECD calculations using the NiGEM macroeconomic model.

May 2021 projection Downside scenario Upside scenario

Asia- Downside s
Pacific 5.8 4.7 7.0 8
Europe 4.5 3.1 6.1
World 4.4 3.0 5.8
7
North 6
America 3.6 2.4 5.3
Latin
5
America 2.7 1.0 4.2 4
3
2
1
0
Asia- E
Pacific
more effective efforts to suppress the virus before vaccinations are complete would enhance the pace at which containment measures ar
ario, vaccine production and deployment are not fast enough to stop the transmission of the virus or prevent more contagious variants th
d there is greater risk aversion in financial markets. PPP-weighted aggregates at constant prices. For the upside and downside scenario
macroeconomic model.

Downside scenario Upside scenario May 2021 projection

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Asia- Europe World North Latin
Pacific America America
 containment measures are relaxed and provide a
more contagious variants that require new or modified
de and downside scenarios, the composition of
Global merchandise trade indicators
% change, year-on-year

Source: CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (ISL) and Leibni

CPB merchandise trade Container port traffic Air freight

2018-11-01 0.7 2.9 0.0
2018-12-01
2019-01-01
-1.4 4.0 -0.5 CPB merchandise trade
0.2 4.1 -1.8
2019-02-01 -0.3 -0.5 -4.7
15
2019-03-01 1.5 4.6 0.1 10
2019-04-01 0.4 4.0 -4.7
2019-05-01 0.5 1.6 -3.4 5
2019-06-01 -1.3 2.7 -4.8
2019-07-01 -0.9 3.6 -3.2 0
2019-08-01 -0.8 2.4 -3.9
2019-09-01 -0.9 3.2 -4.5 -5
2019-10-01 -1.6 0.4 -3.5
2019-11-01 -1.0 0.0 -1.1
-10
2019-12-01 0.6 -2.0 -2.7 -15
2020-01-01 -3.0 -1.1 -3.3
2020-02-01 -2.0 -7.0 -1.4 -20
2020-03-01 -5.1 -4.7 -15.2
2020-04-01 -16.0 -7.5 -27.7 -25
2020-05-01 -17.2 -8.7 -20.3
2020-06-01 -9.2 -5.6 -17.6 -30
2020-07-01 -6.4 -1.6 -13.5 2018-11-01 2019-05-01
2020-08-01 -4.8 -0.3 -12.6
2020-09-01 -1.5 2.8 -8.0
2020-10-01 -1.6 6.0 -6.2
2020-11-01 1.0 6.6 -6.6
2020-12-01 1.2 5.9 -0.5
2021-01-01 5.0 6.6 1.1
2021-02-01 5.2 13.9 9.0
2021-03-01 9.8 12.2 4.4
d Logistics (ISL) and Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (RWI), International Air Transport Association (IATA); and OECD calculations

B merchandise trade Container port traffic Air freight

1-01 2019-05-01 2019-11-01 2020-05-01 2020-11-01

A); and OECD calculations.
Shipping costs have risen
January 2020 = 100

Source: Refinitiv; and OECD calculations.

Harpex index Shanghai containerised freight composite index

Jan-2017 45 100
Feb-2017 46 84
Mar-2017 57 75
Apr-2017 73 82
May-2017 75 87
Jun-2017 62 85
Jul-2017 63 87
Aug-2017 69 87
Sep-2017 73 78
Oct-2017 71 73
Nov-2017 67 74
Dec-2017 68 73
Jan-2018 69 85
Feb-2018 74 88
Mar-2018 84 65
Apr-2018 90 67
May-2018 93 76
Jun-2018 95 79
Jul-2018 92 83
Aug-2018 82 90
Sep-2018 77 92
Oct-2018 74 91
Nov-2018 71 97
Dec-2018 70 86
Jan-2019 67 98
Feb-2019 70 90
Mar-2019 78 75
Apr-2019 82 79
May-2019 84 73
Jun-2019 85 79
Jul-2019 88 83
Aug-2019 97 81
Sep-2019 100 77
Oct-2019 102 75
Nov-2019 101 81
Dec-2019 101 89
Jan-2020 100 100
Feb-2020 97 92
Mar-2020 90 92
Apr-2020 81 84
May-2020 69 86
Jun-2020 58 102
Jul-2020 65 105
Aug-2020 84 118
Sep-2020 97 142
Oct-2020 110 146
Nov-2020 133 187
Dec-2020 145 243
Jan-2021 154 291
Feb-2021 173 285
Mar-2021 195 266
Apr-2021 232 286
May-2021 258 337
Freightos Baltic index

350
83
300 Harpex index Shanghai containeri
87
88 Freightos Baltic index
93 250
84
78
80 200
69
81 150
85
77
67 100
83
90 50
98
105
110
0
Sep-2017

Mar-2018

Nov-2018

Mar-2019
Jan-2017
Mar-2017
May-2017
Jul-2017

Nov-2017
Jan-2018

Jul-2018
Sep-2018

Jan-2019

May-2019
Jul-2019
Sep-2019
May-2018
104
108
100
103
103
88
91
92
87
92
88
89
82
89
91
100
94
91
96
96
116
118
124
145
146
156
202
268
281
265
281
334
Sep-2018
Nov-2018
Jan-2019
Mar-2019
May-2019
Jul-2019
Sep-2019
Nov-2019
Jan-2020
Mar-2020
May-2020
Jul-2020
Sep-2020
Nov-2020
Jan-2021
Mar-2021
Shanghai containerised freight composite index

May-2021
Debt
% of GDP, 2020Q4 or latest available
Note: % of nominal GDP. For each institutional sector, debt refers to currency and deposits, debt securities and loans. The
2020Q3 for ARG, BRA, CHE, CHL, CHN, COL, IDN, IND, ISR, KOR, MEX, RUS, SAU, TUR and ZAF.
Source: Bank for International Settlements credit statistics; OECD financial sector accounts; and OECD calculations.

Non-financial corporations Households General government

JPN 116 65 247
GRC 66 59 254
BEL 166 68 138
PRT 103 68 183
CAN 132 112 106
NLD 152 105 63
NOR 155 115 47
SWE 175 95 45
GBR 80 90 142
FRA 106 69 135
ESP 108 63 139
EA17 116 63 125
DNK 137 112 55
ITA 81 45 177
CHE 137 131 29
IRL 190 35 68
USA 85 79 123
CHN 163 61 61
AUT 100 54 116
FIN 123 69 75
KOR 105 98 54
AUS 70 123 61
DEU 73 59 77
SVK 55 47 102
CHL 119 47 37
ISR 69 43 69
BRA 52 35 92
IND 57 37 83
HUN 68 21 84
SVN 49 28 96
ZAF 40 36 77
POL 46 35 69
EST 78 41 27
CZE 57 34 46
COL 35 32 66
RUS 89 21 18
TUR 72 17 38
ARG 19 5 101
LVA 55 21 48
LTU 38 25 51
SAU 57 14 30
MEX 29 17 43
IDN 23 18 37
 deposits, debt securities and loans. The measure of general government debt differs from the one presented in the Economic Outlook 1
SAU, TUR and ZAF.
accounts; and OECD calculations.

450
General government Households
400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
JP G BE PR CA NL N S GB FR ES EA DN IT CH IR US CH AU FI KO AU DE SV C
N RC L T N D O W R A P 17 K A E L A N T N R S U K L
R E
Source: BIS credit statistics; OECD quarterly financial sec

NFCs is non-financial corporations.

resented in the Economic Outlook 109. EA17 refers to the 17 euro area countries who are members of the OECD. Latest available is

ent Households Non-financial corporations

R US CH AU FI KO AU DE SV CH IS BR IN HU SV ZA PO ES CZ C RU TU AR LV LT SA M ID
A N T N R S U K L R A D N N F L T E OL S R G A U U EX N
istics; OECD quarterly financial sector accounts; and OECD calculations.

corporations.
he OECD. Latest available is

M ID
EX N
The production of vaccines is rapidly increasing
Reported COVID-19 vaccine production capacity, billion doses
Note: Information reflects supplier information about production capacity and may be overly optimistic.
Source: UNICEF, accessed on 27 May 2021 from https://www.unicef.org/supply/covid-19-vaccine-market-dashboard.

2020Q4 2021H1 2021H2 16

Approved 0.5 4 7.9
Not approved (as of May 2021) 0.4 3.2 7.1 14
Total 0.9 7.2 15
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
20
rly optimistic.
-vaccine-market-dashboard.

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
20 20 20
Developing countries lack funding for tools to fight COVID-19
Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator / COVAX funding, USD billion

Source: WHO, accessed on 27 May 2021 from https://www.who.int/initiatives/act-accelerator/how-to-contribute.

Funding allocated Funding still needed

Testing 1 8.7
Health systems 0.6 7.3
Therapeutics 0.7 3.2
Vaccines 9.1 2.6
to-contribute.
Higher
%, inflation changes
year-on-year is projected to be temporary
in consumer prices

Note: Shaded area denotes projections. Shows the overall harmonised consumer price index for EU countries; the overall c
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 109 database; OECD calculations.

2019 2020
2019Q1 2019Q2 2019Q3 2019Q4 2020Q1 2020Q2 2020Q3 2020Q4
BRICS 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.5 3.4 3.7 3.7
Euro area 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.0 -0.3
United States 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 0.6 1.2 1.2
ex for EU countries; the overall consumer price deflator for the United States; and the overall consumer price index for the remaining co

2021 2022
BRIC
6
2021Q1 2021Q2 2021Q3 2021Q4 2022Q1 2022Q2 2022Q3 2022Q4
4.0 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.8
1.0 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 5
1.7 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.6
4

-1
201
9
e index for the remaining countries. BRICS refers to a simple average of the inflation rates of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Afric

BRICS United States Euro area

6

-1
201 202 202 202
9 0 1 2
a, China and South Africa.
Labour markets have not fully recovered
OECD employment rates, median, % of population aged 15-74
Note: Shaded area denotes projections. The OECD median does not include Costa Rica.
Source: OECD Economic Outlook 109 database; OECD calculations.

2019-04-01 2019 64.4

2019-07-01 64.3
2019-10-01 64.9
2020-01-01 64.7
2020-04-01 2020 60.9
2020-07-01 62.6
2020-10-01 62.5
2021-01-01 62.4
2021-04-01 2021 62.2
2021-07-01 62.1
2021-10-01 62.4
2022-01-01 62.7
2022-04-01 2022 62.9
2022-07-01 63.1
2022-10-01 63.3
65

64

63

62

61

60