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Bastin Etal 2019 - Science - The Global Tree Restoration Potential
Bastin Etal 2019 - Science - The Global Tree Restoration Potential
Bastin Etal 2019 - Science - The Global Tree Restoration Potential
1
Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems
Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland. 2Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, Rome, Italy. 3Department of Environmental Fig. 1. Predicted vs. observed tree cover. (A and B) The predicted tree cover (x axes) compared
Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zürich, with the observed tree cover (y axes). (A) Results as a density plot, with the 1:1 line in dotted
Zürich, Switzerland. 4Centre de Coopération Internationale
black and the regression line in continuous black (intercept = –2% forest cover; slope = 1.06;
en la Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement
(CIRAD), UR Forest and Societies, Montpellier, France. R2 = 0.86), which shows that the model is un-biased. (B) Results as boxplots, to illustrate the quality
*Corresponding author. Email: bastin.jf@gmail.com of the prediction in all tree cover classes.
additional 205 gigatonnes of carbon (GtC) if they ing to 46 GtC (Fig. 3B and table S3). Such risks cover layers (15–17), our maps reveal that there
were restored to the status of existing forests of loss do not account for future changes in is likely to be space for at least an additional
(table S2). land use, such as pasture and cattle raising (7), 0.9 billion ha of canopy cover. If restored wood-
Our model accurately depicts the regions which might also contribute to the urgency of lands and forests were allowed to mature to a
where tree growth is possible under existing the situation. similar state of existing ecosystems in protected
environmental conditions. However, changing These models of future changes in tree cover areas, they could store up to 205 GtC. Given that
climate conditions may alter the area of land potential reveal insights into how the structure the airborne fraction of carbon dioxide is ~45%
that could support forest growth over the rest of vegetation might change over time. Of course, (1), reaching this maximum restoration potential
of the century, a point that needs to be consid- these models are characterized by high un- would reduce a considerable proportion of the
ered when developing long-term restoration certainty because, unlike the present-day in- global anthropogenic atmospheric carbon bur-
projects. We tested this possibility by rerunning terpolations, we rely on extrapolation of our den to date (~300 GtC). This places ecosystem
our potential tree cover model under future cli- machine-learning models outside of the existing restoration as one of the most effective solutions
mate conditions, projected under three Earth range of global climate conditions. These extrap- at our disposal to mitigate climate change.
System Models (10) and two Representative Con- olations cannot be considered to be future pro-
centration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5 jections of potential forest extent because they do REFERENCES AND NOTES
and 8.5) (1). Under both scenarios, the global not incorporate any of the ecological, hydrolog- 1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), An IPCC
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19. J. Grace, J. Jose, P. Meir, H. S. Miranda, R. A. Montes, supported by the International Climate Initiative of the Federal Ministry and all related layers are accessible online at www.crowtherlab.com or upon
J. Biogeogr. 33, 387–400 (2006). for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety request to the corresponding author.
20. X.-P. Song et al., Nature 560, 639–643 (2018). of Germany and FAO’s Action Against Desertification, funded by the
21. U. Büntgen et al., Nat. Commun. 10, 2171 (2019). European Union. Author contributions: J.-F.B. conceived the study. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
J.-F.B. and D.R. performed the analyses. J.-F.B., Y.F., C.G., D.M., M.R., D.R.,
ACKN OW LEDG MEN TS science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6448/76/suppl/DC1
C.M.Z., and T.W.C. wrote the manuscript. Competing interests: The
Materials and Methods
We warmly thank all the members of the Crowther lab team, authors declare that there are no competing interests. Data and
Figs. S1 to S12
not listed as coauthors of the study, for their incredible support. materials availability: All data are available in the manuscript or the
Tables S1 to S3
We also are very grateful to the Google Earth Outreach team for supplementary materials. The global tree cover potential map,
References (22–29)
allowing us the storage expansion for our laboratory. Funding: corresponding to Fig. 2A, is accessible online for visualization at
Data Files S1 and S2
This work was supported by grants to T.W.C. from DOB Ecology, https://bastinjf_climate.users.earthengine.app/view/potential-tree-
Plant-for-the-Planet, and the German Federal Ministry for Economic cover, the Earth engine script to produce the map is accessible online at 21 February 2019; accepted 21 May 2019
Cooperation and Development. The data collection was partially https://code.earthengine.google.com/ee5cf5186b5ad0f659cc7a43054f072c, 10.1126/science.aax0848
SUPPLEMENTARY http://science.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2019/07/02/365.6448.76.DC1
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REFERENCES This article cites 26 articles, 9 of which you can access for free
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