EEE 1218

Sessional on Analog Electronics

Date: 23-05-202 Student’s Name: Afiat Khan Tahsin Roll: 1907047

Experiment 01: (a) Familiarization with electronic measuring instruments

and devices (b) V-I characteristics of a semiconductor diode.

1. OBJECTIVES
The main objective(s) of the experiment is/are to
i. Know the operation and application of basic instruments used electronic engineering.
ii. Measure and analyse the volt-ampere (V-I) characteristics of a semiconductor diode.

2. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP AND MATERIALS

Components and apparatus required:

Name Specification Qty.

DC power 0-30V, 5A 1 pc
supply
Rectifier diode 1N44007, 70V, IR, FV 1 pc
Rheostat 100 kiloohm, 5W 1 pc
DC Voltmeter 0-50V 1 pc
DC Ammeter 0-1A 1 pc

Fig. 1 : Experimental Setup

3. EXPERIMETAL RESULTS

Forward bias Reverse

bias
Supply Diode Current Supply Diode Current
Voltage Voltage I Voltage Voltage I
Vs(volts) V (mA) Vs(volts) V (mA)
(volts) (volts)
0 0 0 -1 -1 0
0.2 0.2 1.20E- -2 -2 0
01
 0.4 0.4 2.97E- -3 -3 0
01
0.6 0.48 0.484 -4 -4 0

0.8 0.503 1.46 -5 -5 0

1 0.516 2.44 -6 -6 0
2 0.54 1.46 -7 -7 0
3 0.56 2.44 -8 -8 0
4 0.57 3.43 -9 -9 0
5 0.57 4.43 -10 -10 0
6 0.58 5.42
7 0.58 6.42
8 0.59 7.41

Fig 2: V-I characteristic of the diode

3.DISCUSSION
Through this experiment, we are acquainted with electronic measuring instrument and
devices and we derive the V-I characteristics of a semiconductor diode via the
experimental results.
In the forward bias condition of the diode, we set the value to 0 and increase the value
very slowly until 0.6V. we don’t see any difference. After 0.6 V, the current increases
rapidly. We take the data and plot on the graph.
In the reverse bias condition, there is no current flow in the circuit.
In the reverse bias circuit setup time, we have to turn off the switch of the battery at
first, then we can change the wire or reverse the diode and connect with the wire
because sudden change may destroy the diode. To avoid short circuit in the forward
bias condition we also use a resistor. Because huge current flow may destroy the
diode.

5. LEARNING TEST
A. What are the forward and reverse characteristics of a semiconducting PN junction?
Ans: Forward bias allows current flow through the diode but reverse bias condition does allow
current flow.
B. What is knee voltage? What are the values of knee voltage for Si and Ge diodes?
Ans: It is the forward voltage which starts conducting rapidly through the diode. Knee voltage
for Si and Ge diodes are 0.7 V and 0.3 V.
C. Write down the significance of each parameter in the specification sheet of 1N4007 diode.

Ans: 1N means one junction, 400 is serial number of 7 ampere family and 7 means current rating of
7 ampere.

D. How can you test a semiconductor diode?

Ans: If diode starts conducting heavily after crossing the knee voltage and there is no current flow in
the reverse bias condition and starts conduct heavily after reaching the break down voltage then we
can say the diode is in good state.

E. Draw the approximate, simplified and ideal model of a semiconducting PN junction.

Ans: