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Topic: Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities Overview:: Property of Diocesan Schools of Urdaneta
Topic: Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities Overview:: Property of Diocesan Schools of Urdaneta
Topic: Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities Overview:: Property of Diocesan Schools of Urdaneta
Module in Mathematics 8
Quarter 2, Week 1-2
Overview:
A system of linear inequalities in two variables consists of at least two linear inequalities in the
same variables. The solution of a linear inequality is the ordered pair that is a solution to all inequalities
in the system and the graph of the linear inequality is the graph of all solutions of the system.
Objectives:
1. Differentiates linear inequalities in two variables from linear equations in two variables;
2. Illustrates and graphs linear inequalities in two variables; and
3. Solves problems involving systems of linear inequalities in two variables.
Lesson Proper
A linear inequality in x and y can be written in one of the following forms:
Ax + By > C, Ax + By < C, Ax + By ≥ C, Ax + By ≤ C, where A, B, and C are real
numbers and A and B are both not equal to 0.
Some examples of linear inequalities are:
3x – y > -2 x<2 x + 3y ≤ 0 y≤-3
The solution of linear equation in x and y can be expressed in ordered pairs (x, y). As with linear
equations in ordered pairs, solutions of linear inequalities can be also expressed in ordered pairs.
An ordered pair (x, y) is a solution of an inequality in x and y if a true statement results when the
variable in the inequality is replaced by the coordinates of the ordered pair.
Example 1.
Determine whether each order pair is a solution of 2x + 3y ≤ 6.
a. (-2, 1) b. (1, 2)
Solution:
In each case, substitute the x- coordinate for y- coordinate for y in the inequality 2x + 3y ≤ 6.. A true
statement will be obtained if the ordered pair is a solution.
a. (-2, 1)
Solution:
2x + 3y ≤ 6 Original inequality
2(-2) + 3(1) ≤ 6 Replace x with -2 and y with 1
-4 + 3 ≤ 6 Simplify.
-1 ≤ 6 Add
Since -1 ≤ 6 is true, (-2, 1) is a solution of 2x + 3y ≤ 6
Activity No. 1
A. Determine whether each ordered pair is a solution of 4x + 5y ≤ 6
a. (-3, 2)
b. b. (1, 2)
c. c. (3, 2)
Examples:
Determine whether the ordered pair is a solution of the {x+2 y >11
y ≤ 2 x−7
given system of linear
inequalities.
a. (6, 4)
Solution:
Replace x with 6 and y with 4.
x+ 2y > 11 y= ≤ 2x - 7
6 + 2(4) > 11 4 ≤ 2(6) - 7
6 + 8 > 11 4 ≤ 12- 7
14 > 11 True 4≤5 True
Since both inequalities are true, the ordered pair (6, 4) is a solution of the system.
Activity No. 2
A. Determine whether the ordered pair is a solution of the given system of linear inequalities.
x+3 y ≥11
{
3 x − y< 3
a. (2, 4)
b. (1, -4)
B. Answer Warm Up practice on page 235 A in your mathematics book. Please use another sheet of
paper for your answer.
a. {xy≤>12
Solution:
The graph of x ≤ 2 is the half- plane on and to the left of the solid line x = 2.
Finally, the graph of the system is the intersection of the two half- planes.
Activity No. 3
Graph the system of linear inequalities
a. x ≥2
{y< 1
b. {xy<2>3
References:
Chua, Simon L. et. al., 2018 “ Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 8”. Phoenix
Module in Mathematics 8
Quarter 2, Week 3-4
Overview:
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is the set of first coordinates. The
range is the set of second coordinates.
A function is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element
of the range.
Objectives:
1. Illustrate a relation and a function;
2. Verify if a given relation is a function;
3. Determines dependent and independent variables;
4. Illustrate and graph a linear function;
5. Solve problems involving linear function;
6. Finds the domain and range of a function; and
Lesson Proper
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is the set of first coordinates. The range
is the set of second coordinates.
A function is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element of
the range.
The members of the domain can be called inputs and the members of the range can be called
outputs when a function is compared to a number- processing machine.
For each input (value of x), the number- processing machine yields an output (value of y). For
example, when the input values are x= 50, 100, and 150, the output values are y= 35, 70, and
105, respectively. Because you input an x- value to represent the marked price, x is called the
independent variable. Since the selling price depends on the marked price, y is called the
dependent variable.
Independent Variable- The input value in a function.
Dependent Variable- The output value in a function.
Example:
Determine whether the following relations are function or not.
d.
Input Output
1 2
2 4
3 8
Solution:
Input: 1 2 3 Each input value matches with only one output value. So, this
relationship is a function. The domain is {1, 2, 3} and the range is
Output: 2 4 8 {2, 4, 8}
Activity No. 1
Determine whether the following relations are function or not.
a. A = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
Note: A function f (x) = b, where b is a constant real number is called a constant function. Its
graph is a horizontal line at y = b
Examples:
1. Graph the linear function f given by f(x)= 2x + 4
Solution:
You need only two points to graph a linear function. These points may be chosen as the x and y
intercepts of the graph for example.
Determine the x intercept, set f(x) = 0 and solve for x.
2x+4=0
2x= -4
x=-2
The graph of the above function is a line passing through the points (- 2 , 0) and (0 , 4) as shown
below.
1
2. Graph the linear function f given by f(x) = - ¿ x) -
2
shown below.
Activity 2:
Solve and graph problems involving linear function.
a. Graph the linear function f given by f (x) = x + 3
1 1
b. Graph the linear function f given by f (x) = - x+
5 3
The domain of a relation is a set of all first coordinates of the ordered pairs in the relation. The
range of a relation is the set of all second coordinates of the ordered pairs in relation.
When we are given a set of ordered pairs, we are able to easily find the domain and the range.
However, with equations and inequalities in two variables, finding the domain and range is not
that easy.
In the equation or inequality, the domain of a relation is the set of all permissible values of x that
keep y real while the range of a relation is the set of all permissible values of y that keep x real.
Example:
Find the domain and range of each of the following:
a.
Input 1 2 3
Output 2 4 8
Solution:
Activity 3.
Find the domain and range of each of the following:
a.
Input 3 5 7 9
Output 10 20 3 40
0
b.
Input Output
1 2
2 4
3 8
5 16
6 32
e. {(3, 4), (5, 6), (2, 9), (8,1), (1, 7), (11, 12)}
References:
Chua, Simon L. et. al., 2018 “ Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 8”. Phoenix
Orance, Orlando A. et. al., 2018. “E- Math 8” REX Book Store. Sampaloc Manila, 209- 215
Module in Mathematics 8
Quarter 2, Week 5-7
Overview:
Logical reasoning is a system of forming conclusions based on a set of premises or information.
Commonly, logical reasoning is broken down into two major types called deductive and inductive
reasoning.
Objectives:
1. determine the relationships between the hypothesis and the conclusion of an if-then statement;
2. transform a statement into an equivalent if-then statement;
3. determine the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of an if- then statement; and
4. use inductive or deductive reasoning in an argument.
Lesson Proper
For square numbers:
Term 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th … 100th … nth
Square Numbers 1 4 9 16 25 …
Note that the first term is 12= 1, 22= 4, 32= 9, 4 2= 16, and 52= 25. Thus, 1002= 10,000 and the nth
term is n2
Getting the 100th term will require you a lot of additions and to get the nth term, the pattern
seems to be not helpful. Hence, find an alternate pattern.
n(n+1) 100(100+1)
= = 5050
2 2
Inductive Reasoning
Examples:
Use inductive reasoning to find the next two terms of each sequence. Describe how you found the terms.
a. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16….
Solution:
The next two terms are 32 and 64 (because each term is twice the previous term)
b. 50,49,46,41,34…
Solution:
The next two terms are 25 and 14 (look at the difference between the numbers)
50 49 46 41 34 ? ?
1 3 5 7 ? ?
The next difference will be 9 and 11, respectively. Thus, the next two numbers are 34-9=25 and
25-11=14.
Activity 1:
A. Use inductive reasoning to find the next three terms of each sequence.
a. 2, 5, 9, 14, _____, ______, ______
B.Answer Power Plus on page 270 A in your mathematics book. Please use another sheet of paper for
your answer.
Deductive Reasoning
To deduce means to reason from known facts. When you prove a theorem, you are using
deductive reasoning- using existing structures to deduce new parts of the structure. In deductive
reasoning, you assume that the hypothesis is true, and then write a series of statements that lead to the
conclusion. Each statement is supported by a reason that justifies it. The set of statements and reasons
consists the proof.
2.x: If you want good health, then you should get 8 hours of sleep each day.
y: Aaron wants good health
z: Aaron should get 8 hours of sleep each day.
In all three set of statements, statement x is called the general statement, y is called the
particular statement, and z is called the conclusion. In these syllogisms, we reasoned from a
statement about a general set to a statement about a particular member or element of that set.
This kind of reasoning is characterized as reasoning from the general to the particular and it is
called deductive reasoning.
Examples:
A. Complete each syllogism. Write a general statement (x), a particular statement (y), and a
conclusion (z)
Activity 2:
A. Complete each syllogism. Write a general statement (x), a particular statement (y), and a
conclusion (z)
b. x: _____________________________
y: Amy and Andy are diligent students
z: Amy and Andy do their homework’s.
B. Answer Warm Up practice on page 277 B in your mathematics book. Please use another sheet of
paper for your answer.
p q
Conditional statements are not always written with the “if” clause first. The following
conditionals mean the same thing.
Example:
Write the hypothesis and the conclusion of each conditional.
a. If 4x-1= 7, then x= 2.
b. 2m=10 implies m= 5
c. I can’t drive if I’m tired
d. I will pass the subject only if I will pass the final exam.
Solution:
Hypothesis Conclusion
a 4x-1= 7 x= 2
b 2m=10 m= 5
c I’m tired I can’t drive
d I will pass the subject I will pass the final exam
Activity 3:
Write the hypothesis and the conclusion of each conditional.
a. If today is Friday, then tomorrow is Saturday.
b. If two lines form right angles, then the lines are perpendicular.
c. If you are sixteen years old, then you are eligible to drive.
d. If 3x – 4 = 11, then x = 5.
e. If two angles are vertical, then they are congruent
f. If the degree measure of an angle is between 90 and 180, then the angle is obtuse.
g. If a convex polygon has five sides, then it is a pentagon.
h. If you lead, then I will follow.
i. 5m=10 implies m= 2
j. 7x=21 implies m= 3
Hypothesis Conclusion
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
Chua, Simon L. et. al., 2018 “ Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 8”. Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City 266-277
Orance, Orlando A. et. al., 2018. “E- Math 8” REX Book Store. Sampaloc Manila, 226-231
Module in Mathematics 8
Quarter 2, Week 8-9
Overview:
A proof is an organized set of statements and reasons to establish the truth of a specific
statement. The properties of real numbers may be combined with some definition and postulates
to prove the validity of statements.
A proof may be presented in different ways. The most popular are the paragraph form and the
two-column form. In a two-column proof, logical statements are written on the left side and its
corresponding reasons on the right side. It often uses symbols of different relationships.
Objectives:
1. Differentiate between a direct and indirect proof;
2. Illustrate the geometric properties; and
3. Illustrate the Geometric Properties in Writing Proofs.
Lesson Proper
A proof is a logical argument in which each statement you make is backed up by a statement that
is accepted as true. One type of proof is called a paragraph or informal proof. In this type of
proof, you write a paragraph to explain why a conjecture for a given situation is true.
Geometric Properties
Property Name
1. If two angles form a linear pair, then they are The Supplement Postulate (SP)
supplementary.
2. The measures of vertical angles are equal or Vertical Angle Theorem (VAT)
vertical angles are congruent.
3. The sum of the measures of the angles at a Angle Sum at a Point Postulate (ASPP)
point is 360.
4. Supplement of congruent angles are Supplement Theorem (ST)
congruent.
5. Complements of congruent angles are Complement Theorem (CT)
congruent.
2. Midpoint ´ , then AB = AC
If A is the midpoint of BC
Activity 1:
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the underlined word or phrase to make
the statement true.
________1. If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another, then the third angles
are congruent.
________2. If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary.
________3. If ∠A is an acute angle, then the m ∠A > 90.
________4. If ∠A is an obtuse angle, then the m ∠A < 90.
________5. The sum of the measures of the exterior angles, one at each vertex, of any convex
polygon is 360.
________6. If AB ´ , then AB ≠CD
´ ≅ CD
´
________7. If AB ≅ CD ´ , then AB= CD
________8. If ∠A and ∠B are complementary angles, then m ∠A + m ∠B = 90.
________9. If ∠A and ∠B are supplementary angles, then
m ∠A + m ∠B = 180.
________10. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then same-side interior angles are
supplementary.
Activity 2:
Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only the letter of answer on the blank
provided at the right side of the test paper.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
____1. If ∠A and ∠B are complementary angles,
a. Segment Bisector
then m ∠A + m ∠B = 90.
´
____2. If AB⊥ ´ ,then ∠BAC is a right angle.
AC b. Polygon Interior Angle
____3. The sum of the measures of the angles of
Theorem (PIAT)
a convex polygon with n sides is (n-2) 180.
____4. The sum of the degree measures of the
c. Regular Polygon Interior
angles of a triangle is180.
Angle Theorem (RPIAT)
____5. It requires showing that the conclusion
to be proved is true.
d. Direct Proofs
____6. It suffices to show that all of the alternatives
are false.
e. Complementary Angles
____7. The measure of each angle of a regular
(n−2)180
n-gon is f. Linear Pair
n
____8. It is a logical argument in which each statement g. The Triangle Interior
you make is backed up by a statement that is accepted Angle Theorem (TIAT)
as true.
PQ and ⃗
____9. If ⃗ PR are opposite rays∧¿ ⃗ PT is any other h. indirect proofs
ray, then ∠QPT and ∠TPR form a linear pair.
____10. If AB ´ bisects PQ
´ at B, then PB´ ≅ QB´
i. Perpendicular Line
Segments
j. Proof
Chua, Simon L. et. al., 2018 “ Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 8”. Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City
Orance, Orlando A. et. al., 2018. “E- Math 8” REX Book Store. Sampaloc Manila, 239-245