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Brgy. San Gabriel GMA Cavite

College

Civil Engineering

CEE4134 – E4A

Foundation Engineering

Assignment No.1

Introduction to Foundation Engineering

Taccad, Jerrycho V.
16-0147-240
Date Submitted: Aug. 23 2021

Engr. Jesus Ray Mansayon

Instructor
1. Foundation Engineering
- A foundation is defined as that part of the structure that supports the weight of the
structure and transmits the load to underlying soil or rock. Foundation engineering
applies the knowledge of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, geology, and structural
engineering to the design and construction of foundations for buildings and other
structures. The most basic aspect of foundation engineering deals with the selection of
the type of foundation, such as using a shallow or deep foundation system. Another
important aspect of foundation engineering involves the development of design
parameters, such as the bearing capacity of the foundation
2. Requirements for Foundation Designs
 The foundation must be properly located with respect to any future influence which could
affects its performance
 The soil must be stable and safe from failure
 Establish the allowable bearing pressure to be use in design
 As the foundation is one of the most important parts of the structure, the design and
construction of it should be precise and cannot be neglected. The main concerns of
designing a foundation are bearing capacity of soil and settlement in the soil. Differential
settlement is the settlement where one part of the structure settles much more than the
other one. Also, total settlement involves a total of uniform settlement as well as
differential settlement. The geotechnical engineer designs the foundation for
geotechnical conditions and considering the bearing capacity and design loads of the
structure. And the footing should be designed by a structural engineer because the
footing is a member of structural elements like beams, columns, etc
(https://designeverest.com/blog/foundation-engineering-and-foundation-report/ )
3. Foundation and its types (https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/foundation-types-and-
uses/9237/ )
a. Wall footing – use to support structural walls that carry loads for the other floor or to
support nonstructural walls
b. Spread footings are those whose base is wider than a typical load-bearing wall
foundations. The wider base of this footing type spreads the weight from the building
structure over more area and provides better stability.
c. pedestal is a compression element provided to carry the loads from supported elements
like columns, statues etc. to footing below the ground. It is generally provided below the
metal columns. In general pedestal width is greater than its height.
d. D Sloped footings are trapezoidal footings. They are designed and constructed with
great care to see that the top slope of 45 degree is maintained from all sides. When
compared the trapezoidal footing with the flat footing, the usage of concrete is less.
Thus, it reduces the cost of footing in concrete as well as reinforcement.
e. Combined footing is constructed when two or more columns are close enough and their
isolated footings overlap each other. It is a combination of isolated footings, but their
structural design differs.
f. Strip foundations (or strip footings) are a type of shallow foundation used to provide a
continuous, level (or sometimes stepped) strip of support to a linear structure such as a
wall or closely-spaced rows of columns built centrally above them
g. Raft or mat foundations are the types of foundation which are spread across the entire
area of the building to support heavy structural loads from columns and walls.
h. Drilled shafts, also called as caissons, is a type of deep foundation and has an action
similar to pile foundations discussed above, but are high capacity cast-in-situ
foundations. It resists loads from structure through shaft resistance, toe resistance
and/or combination of both of these. The construction of drilled shafts or caissons are
done using an auger.
i. Drilled shafts, also called as caissons, is a type of deep foundation and has an action
similar to pile foundations discussed above, but are high capacity cast-in-situ
foundations. It resists loads from structure through shaft resistance, toe resistance
and/or combination of both of these. The construction of drilled shafts or caissons are
done using an auger.
4. Important Geotechnical Properties of Soil for Foundation Design
- Soils are used as construction materials or the civil engineering structures are
founded in or on the surface of the earth. Geotechnical properties of soils influence
the stability of civil engineering structures. Most of the geotechnical properties of
soils influence to each other.

5. Significance of Foundation Engineering

- To distribute the weight of the structure over a large area in order to avoid
overloading the underlying soil (possibly causing unequal settlement). To anchor the
structure against natural forces including earthquakes, floods, frost heaves,
tornadoes and wind. To provide a level surface for construction.
(https://www.google.com/search?
q=importance+of+foundation+engineering&source=lmns&bih=646&biw=667&hl=en&
sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFjsPhw8byAhWCHaYKHZ3BD18Q_AUoAHoECAEQAA )