Ltowt LAB NOTES EXERCISE NO.1 Body Regions: 1. Head = where brain and face with eyes, nose, mouth and ears are found. 2. Neck connects head and trunk 3. Trunk a. Thorax with heart and lungs b. Abdomen —with most parts of digestive system and urinary system Pelvic cavity and Perineum - with reproductive organs and distal parts of digestive and urinary system. 4, Upper extremities 5. Lower Extremities ‘Anatomical Position - A person in the anatomical position is standing erect (or lying supine as if erect) with the head and eyes directed forward, the upper limbs by the sides with the palms facing forward and the lower limbs together with the toes pointing forward. ‘Anatomical Planes - Anatomical descriptions are also based on four imaginary planes that pass through the body in the anatomical positions. 1. Median plane = The imaginary vertical line passing longitudinally through the body from front to back dividing it into right and left halves. 2, Sagittal plane ~ Imaginary vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane dividing this into right and left parts. named after sagittal suture of the skull with which they are parallel ~ the sagittal plane that passes through the median plane is often referred to as midsagittal plane 3. Coronal plane or frontal plane - imaginary vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing it into anterior (front) and posterior back) portions. - named after the coronal suture of the skull, which is in coronal plane. 4, Horizontal plane or transverse plane or X— section ~ imaginary planes passing through the body at right angles to both the median and coronal planes dividing the body to upper and lower parts Anatomical Terms of Relationship [Term | Meaning | Example | Superior Nearer to the | The neck (cranial) head superior to | the chest Inferior @ | The abdomen (caudal) isinferior to the chest Anterior Nearertothe |The chest (ventral) front ‘bone _is HAPP1110LFU-LAGUNA|2LAB NOTES EXERCISE NO.1 anterior to wall ofa body | wall of the the heart cavity pleural Posterior | Nearer to the | The heart is cavity. | (dorsal) back posterior to Pertaining to | The visceral | the covering | pleura covers | Medial Nearer to the ofanorgan. | the external medianplane | finger is surface of a medial to the lung thumb 7 lateral Farther from. | The thumb is the median | lateral to Sechons of the Body plane __| indexfinger ‘L.Longitudinal section or vertical section ~ body | Proximal esreiito the} ihe semis partis cut in the direction of the long axis of the eres Pall body or any of its parts; may be cut in median, ene sagittal, or coronal planes. proximal part 2.Transverse sections or cross section ~ are parts of stomach is of the body which are cut at right angles to the near the longitudinal axis of the body or its parts. esophagus Distal Farther from | The elbow is 3.Oblique sections — are sections of the body the trunk or| distal to the that are not cut in one of the anatomical planes point of | arm and the of the body (e.. they slant or deviate from these origin | distal part of planes.) | the stomach | is near duodenum “Superficial | Nearer to or | The Terms of Wovements (external) | on the | epidermis is Various terms are used to describe the surface superficial to different movements of the body dermis = Movements take place at joints where Deep Farther from_| The dermis is ‘two or more bones meet or articulate with each (internal) | the surface | deep to the nies | ___| epidermis Central or | The brain is | away _ from | part of the Term Description | Examples __| thecenter__| CNS Flexion Bending or | Flexing Peripheral | Farther or | The _ cranial decreasing | interphalan away from | nerves the angle | geal joints ~ the center | coming from between | decreasing the brain are body angle peripheral between enveti de phalanges Parietal Pertaining to | The parietal Extension Straightening | Extending | the external | pleura forms | Jor increasing | the knee | | the external | , HAPP1110LFU-LAGUNA|2LAB NOTES EXERCISE NO.1 [ [the angle [joints — “| laterally so between | increase that thepalm body parts | angle faces between anteriorly thigh and Protraction | Movement leg of mandible ‘Abduction | Moving away | Abducting forward from the | the arm ~ Retraction | Movement median | moving arm of mandible [up backward | Adducting _ [the arm - moving arm down | Rotation Medial and lateral | rotation of | the — upper | | Circumduction | Circular i | movement | | combining | | flexion, | extension, | abduction and adduction Eversion ‘Moving the foot wherein | the sole faces | laterally | inversion ‘Moving the foot wherein | the sole faces | | medially | ‘Supination Rotating the | | forearm and | hand | laterally so that thepalm faces anteriorly | Pronation Rotating the | forearm and hand | HAPP1110LFU-LAGUNA| 3