Superconductivity.

What is superconductivity?
Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials
generally at very low temperatures characterized by exactly 0 electrical
resistance and the exclusion of the interior magnetic field
In simple words for some materials the resistivity vanish is at some low
temperature they become superconducting such materials are called
superconductors

The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the Critical

temperature (Tc) .
The cooling of the material can be achieved using liquid nitrogen or liquid
helium for even more lower temperature.
The Meissner Effect
The limit of external magnetic field strength at which a superconductor can
exclude the field is known as the critical field strength, Hc. In 1920
Meissner discovered not only did superconductors exhibit zero resistance
but also spontaneous expel all magnetic flux when cooled through the
superconducting transition , that is they are also perfect dimagnets . We call
this the Meissner effect
Applications
 Superconductors form the basis of energy saving power systems,
namely the superconducting generators, smaller in size and weight, in
comparison with conventional generators.

 Superconducting magnetic propulsion systems may be used to launch

satellites into orbits directly from the earth without the use of rockets.

 Superconducting magnets have been used to levitate trains above its

rails. They can be driven at high speed with minimal expenditure of
energy
 Superconducting wire can be used for transmission lines as the
current can flow without any change in magnitude.