NAME: JACKELYN R.

TAPIC DATE: June 25, 2021

COURSE & YEAR: BSED-BIOSCI 2 RATE: ___________
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Activity: MEMBRANE AND CELL TRANSPORT

1. Differentiate Passive and Active Transport (10 points)
ANSWER:
Active transport is where a chemical reaction using ATP moves things in/out of the
cell through transport proteins within the cell wall. It uses a concentration gradient to
trigger the reaction in which it goes AGAINST the concentration gradient. Whereas, Passive
transport also uses a concentration gradient by diffusion (hydrophobic or very small polar
molecules) and facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins and channels. These go WITH the
concentration gradient.
2. How are hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions differ from each other? (9 pts)
ANSWER:
The difference between these three solutions is that, in hypertonic, hyper means
“high” so hypertonic means higher amounts of solute concentration inside the cell and
when normal cell is placed in it, the cell will shrieked. Whereas in hypotonic, hypo means
“less” so hypotonic means less amount of solute concentration inside the solution and when
normal cell is placed in it, the cell will swell. On the other hand when we say isotonic, Iso
means “equal “ so isotonic means equal amounts of solute and solvent concentration and
when normal cell is placed in it, the cell will remain the same.
3. Why does our kidneys have to constantly regulate the concentration of our blood
plasma?
ANSWER:
Our kidneys have to constantly regulate the concentration of our blood plasma to
maintain electrolyte and water equilibrium. The kidneys work to ensure an adequate
quantity of plasma to keep blood flowing to vital organs. Also preventing blood plasma from
becoming too acidic or basic by regulating ions. The kidneys are able to maintain a balance
between quantities of water and the quantities of such chemicals as calcium, potassium,
sodium, phosphorus, and sulfate in solution. Unless the concentrations of mineral ions such
as sodium, crystalloids such as glucose, and wastes such as urea are maintained within
narrow normal limits, bodily malfunction rapidly develops leading to sickness or death.
Therefore, our kidney our kidneys have to constantly regulate the concentration of
our blood plasma. Because blood plasma plays a vital role in intravascular osmotic effects
that keep electrolyte levels balanced and protects the body from infection and other blood
disorders.

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4. Give 3 reasons why membrane/cellular transport has to take place (6 pts)
ANSWER:
 Its highly selective filter, permits nutrients and leaves the waste products from the
cell.
 Helps the cells maintain homeostasis.
 It detects chemical messengers arriving at the cell surface.
5. Why should there be protein channels in the cell membrane when it already has
phospholipid bilayer? (10 pts)
ANSWER:
Because phospholipid bilayer is impermeable to larger polar molecules like glucose
and amino acids and also to ions. The channel proteins form open pores through
the membrane, allowing the free passage of any molecule of the appropriate size.

6. Differentiate simple and facilitated Diffusion (6 pts)

ANSWER:
Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules through a cell membrane without
using the channels formed by integral membrane protein. Whereas the facilitated
diffusion is the movement of molecules through those channels. Moreover the speed
of simple diffusion is relatively low. While the speed of facilitated diffusion is relatively
higher.
7. Cite/elaborate the relevance of endocytosis and exocytosis in membrane/cellular
transport (10 points)
ANSWER:
The relevance of endocytosis and exocytosis in membrane/cellular transport is that
they are both considered as active transport since the material that is moved in or out is too
big to be passively transported. In these two situations, vesicles are made around the
material which is transported through the plasma membrane with the use of ATP in the
transport process and the vesicle making process.