Conclusion

As the conclusion, from the experiment of flow ratio plant control, student was able to
understand the objectives of the experiment, which is to identify the major component of the
flow ratio control system, involving controller, sensor and final element of the process plant.
Besides that, student also able to understand the single loop flow controller by using PID
controller. Theory stated that PI controller is more preferable compared to PID controller
when measuring the level, flow and temperature of process (Anderson, N, 1998). This is due
to the effectiveness of PI controller when measuring the fast process. Furthermore, the theory
also stated that the lower PB value and TI value will give the faster response and higher
sensitivity of the controller, and this same goes to our result obtained. For the second part of
the experiment, student was able to understand the objective which is to study the flow ratio
control using linear PID. For this part, the result was obtained based on the process ratio (PR)
and desired ratio (R), and differentiate by the introduction of disturbance for Test 2 and Test
4. Somehow, an unequal value between R and PR was obtained for Test 4 as there is a
present of disturbance that force the system unable to achieve the stability and new set value.
For the, recommendation, the air supply to the plant must be checked always before
beginning the experiment to prevent any interruption of getting the better result and it showed
the importance of study the start-up procedure first before conducting the experiment. In
addition, the efficiency of the equipment should always be noted as the lack maintenance of
the machine can affected the overall experiment although the standard operation procedure
(SOP) is fully taken.

Summary

Flow measurements by all these principles such as differential pressure measurement

across by an orifice, measurement by variable area flow meter and the last one measurement
by von Karman vortex shedding principles are employed in this model. Generally, the flow is
controlled by single loop PID controller at different set points. A ratio flow control is also
carried out where a wild stream flow rate is measured, and the other stream is controlled so as
to maintain a constant ratio of their flow rates. The main objectives for this experiment are to
identify the major components of the flow ratio process control system which are the type of
flow meters, vortex flow meter (FT22), rotameter (FI22), and an orifice plate (FE21). Next
objectives is to perform start-up procedures systematically, to study single loop flow control
using PID controller and the last one is to study flow ratio control using linear PID controller.
T h e experiment was start with the involved valve were opened and closed beforehand!
Then, the main switch on the control panel was switched on. Discussion on the response chart
was done in three experiments which are PID Single Loop Flow Control, Setpoint Step Test
and Flow Ratio Control, Linear PID respectively. For PID Single Loop Flow Control showed
in Manual (M) mode, the flow control (red pen) fluctuates from the initial point with little
disturbances while the green pen is in steady state throughout. For Automatic (A) mode, the
chart rectifies the error and stabilizes the chart with least disturbances. when in Automatic
(A) mode, the PB rectifies the error and stabilizes the chart to the SV value of 1.8 m 3/hr.
From the Figure 1, it can be observed Proportional was able to reduce the error and Integral
was able to reduce the offset from the peak. Next, for setpoint step test from the chart
response in Fig 2, it was observed that with SV values of 2.4 and 2.6, the Flow control can
stabilize the response. The response for the second trial shows a similar outcome as compared
to the first trial. The difference is that the vibration (the error) in the Second Trial reduces but
it is not stable (not straight). Theoretically, the higher PB value used, the more unstable the
respond line will show. The last one is flow ratio control, linear PID. For this experiment, the
Ratio Controller (Cascade Mode) disturbances are applied to the response by switching on
and off the WF pump, while CF pump is switched on throughout. It was observed that for the
first two tests (Test 1 and 2), the green and red lines are in sync, oscillating together at ±6.0
m3/hr, but for test 1 it was sync at the end of test 1. The recommendation in this experiment
are the air supply to the plant must be checked always before beginning the experiment to
prevent any interruption plus the efficiency of the equipment should always be noted as the
lack maintenance of the machine can affected the overall experiment.