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Created By: Rajesh Goswami
Created By: Rajesh Goswami
Created By: Rajesh Goswami
STRAIN
ENERGY
CONTENT:
1. Elastic strain energy
2. Strain energy due to gradual loading
3. Strain energy due to sudden loading
4. Strain energy due to impact loading
5. Strain energy due to shock loading
6. Strain energy due to shear loading
7. Strain energy due to bending (flexure)
8. Strain energy due to torsion
9. Examples
When a body is subjected to gradual, sudden or impact
load, the body deforms and work is done upon it. If the
elastic limit is not exceed, this work is stored in the body.
This work done or energy stored in the body is called
strain energy.
Proof Resilience :
1
= × R × δl
2
1
= × σ × A × δl… (2)
Now, 2
1 1
∴ P × δl = σ × A × δl
2 2
∴P= σ×A
P
∴ σ=
A
….. stress due to gradual load.
1
Strain Energy = × R × δl
2
1
= σ × A × δl R=σ×A
2
1 δl
= σ × A × ε × lε =
2 l
1 σ σ
= σ × A × × lE =
2 E ε
σ2
= ×A× l
2E
𝛔𝟐
u= ×v
𝟐𝐄 … strain energy due to gradual l
When the load is applied suddenly the value of the load
is P throughout the deformation.
But, Resistance R increase from O to R
1
= × σ×A× δl...(2)
2
Now,
Work done = Work stored
1
∴ P × δl = × σ×A× 𝛿𝑙
2
1
P = ∴× σ×A
2
2P
∴ σ=
A
1
Work stored in the bar= × δl× R
2
=Strain Energy
σ2
= ×V … (2)
2E
Now,
Work done = Work
stored
σ2
∴ P( h + δl )= ×V
2E
σl σ2
∴ P( h + )= ×A×l
E 2E
p×σl σ2
∴P×h+ = ×A×l
E 2E
2E p × σl 2E
∴P × h × + × =σ2
Al E Al
2EPh 2P × σ
∴ + =σ2
Al A
2P × σ 2EPh
∴ σ2 − =
A Al
2P × σ p2 2EPh p2
∴ σ2 − + = + 2
A A2 Al A
P 2 2EPh p2
∴(σ − ) = + 2
A Al A
P 2EPh p2
∴(σ − ) = + 2
A Al A
P 2EPh p2
∴ σ = + + 2
A Al A
… Stresses due to impact load
2P
∴σ=
A
When 𝛿𝑙 is very small as compered to h , then
Work done = P × h
σ2
× A × l = P ×h
2E
2
2𝐸𝑃ℎ
𝜎 =
𝐴𝑙
2𝐸𝑃ℎ
𝜎=
𝐴𝑙
Let, Work done on the bar by shock = u
1
Work stored in the bar = × R × δl
12 σl
= × σ×A ×
2 E
σ2
= ×A×l
2E
σ2
∴U= ×A×l
2E
2
2UE
∴σ =
Al
2UE
∴ σ=
Al
... max instantaneous
stress
If t is the uniform shear
stress produce in the
material by external
forces applied within
elastic limit, the energy
Stored due to shear
Loading is given by,
𝛕𝟐
𝐮= ×𝐕
𝟐𝐆
∅ = Shear strain
BB1
tan ∅ =
l
∅ is very small
∴ tan ∅ = ∅
BB1
∴∅= ….. Shear Strain
l
Force P on face BC
P = τ × BC × l
When P in applied gradually In
case of gradual load.
P
u = × BB1 average
2
force
1 0+P P
= × (τ × BC × l ) × BB1 = =
2 2 2
1
= × (τ × BC × l ) × ∅ ∙ lBB1 = ∅ ∙ l
2
1 τ τ
= × (τ × A) ∙ ∙ l G=
2 G ∅
1
= 2 τ2
×u =
τ ×A ××
Vl BC × l= A
2G 2G
σ2
= × (da ∙ dx)
2E
1 M
= × ( ∙ y)2 × (da ∙ dx)
2E I
1 M2 ∙y2
= ∙ 2 × da ∙ dx …(2)
2E I
M2
utotal = dx …(3)
2EI
r 2 ∙ τ2
= 2 ×V
R ∙ 2G
r 2 ∙ τ2
= 2 × (2πr × dr) × l
R ∙ 2G
τ2 ∙ r 3
ur = 2 ∙ π ∙ l ∙ dr
R ∙G
… strain energy for one
Total strain energy for whole section, is obtained by
integrating over a range from r = 0 to r = D/2 for a
solid shaft.
D/2
τ2 ∙ r 3
u = 2
∙ π ∙ l ∙ dr
R ∙G
0
D/2
τ2
∙π∙l
= 2 r 3 ∙ dr
R ∙G
0
τ2 ∙ π ∙ l r 4 D/2
= 2
[ ]0
R ∙G 4
D 4
∙ π ∙ l (2)
τ2
=
R2 ∙ G 4
τ2 ∙ π ∙ l D4 τ2 ∙ π ∙ l D4
= 2 ∙ = 2 ∙
R ∙ G 64 D 64 D
R=
∴
∙G
4 2
τ2 ∙ π ∙ l ∙ D2
=
16G
τ2 ∙ π ∙ l ∙ D2
= π
4×4×G
∴ A= × D2
4
τ2 ∙ l ∙ A
=
4G
τ2
u = ×V
4G … Strain energy due to tors
Ex-1 :
An axial pull of 50 kN is suddenly applied to a steel
bar 2m long and 1000 mm2 in cross section. If
modulus of elasticity of steel is 200 kN/ mm2 .
Find, (i) maximum instantaneous stress
(ii) maximum instantaneous extension
(iii) Strain energy
(iv) modulus of resilience.
Solution :
here, P = 50 kN (Sudden load)
A = 1000 mm2
l = 2m = 2000 mm
E = 200 kN/mm2 = 200× 103 N/mm2
(i) Maximum instantaneous stress :
2P =2 100 × 1032
× 50N/mm
σ= =
A 1000
σ 100 −4
ε= = = 5 × 10
E 200 × 103
δl
ε=
l
δl = ε ∙ l
= 1 mm = 5 × 10−4 × 2000
(iii) Strain energy (u) :
σ2
u= ×V
2E
2
(100)
= 3
× 1000 × 2000
2 × 200 × 10
= 50,000 N ∙ mm
100
25
1002 2 × 200 × 103 × 100 × 200
+
= 2465.89 N/mm2
25 25 × 1500
= 4 + 461.89
σ ∙l 465.89 × 1500
δl = =
E 200 × 103
= 3.49
mm
Strain energy,
σ2
u= ×V
2E
(465.89)2
u = = 20,348.763 × (25 × 1500)
2 × N.mm
200 × 10
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