SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction

This section documents the analysis and design of the system to be implemented. It provides the

general structure of how the researcher goes about to answer the research questions. It also

documents the research strategies.

3.2 Research Design

In order to investigate the research questions proposed by this study, the qualitative method was

undertaken. This method was chosen because it is based on inductive reasoning and it enables

the researcher to make use of case study to analyze and understand the requirement of the

computerized Pension Management System and what is the effect of the information on

pensioners, pension staff, and the government.

3.3 Population of the Study

The population of this study, is Bauchi State Pension Management Board.

3.4 Sampling Technique and Sample Size

Sampling technique, detailed is the method used in picking, representative sample from the

general population of the study and the sample size is the subject chosen to represent the

characteristic whole population.

3.4.1 Sampling technique.

The convenience sampling techniques was used in this research. The respondent was chosen

base on their proximity, accessibility and availability. That is to say the pensioners and some of

the staff present at the time of data collection were pick as the respondent.
3.4.2 Sample Size.

The sample size of this study were fifty – two pensioners that visited the board on the 7 th of

August, 2021 between 10am to 12:05pm and nine board’s staff including the head of the

Computer room personnel. Sixty-one (61) peoples accepted to participate. Therefore, the sample

size was 61.

3.5 Data Collection Technique

This describes the method which the researcher employ in gathering/collecting the data

necessary in carrying out this research work. Observation and dichotomous questionnaire was

employed in this research.

3.5.1 Questionnaire.

The questionnaire entails yes or no questions that were answer by the pensioners to help in

ascertaining the requirement of the computerized pension management system and to also

investigate the effect of the information provided by the pensioners, staff and innovative

technologies in achieving pensioners’ satisfaction.

3.6 Instrument Design

The questionnaire was adapted from the work of Lawal O. A.& Aina-Marshal A. on the digital

employee payment system relevance to payment system with special reference to retired

workers. From page iii of the appendix section. The questionnaire is a dichotomous

questionnaire which is made up of 14 questions divided into three section. Section A: contain

three questions and is targeted at the demographic factor, section B contains six questions and it

focuses on pensioners’ views, lastly section C contains three questions and is targeted at

investigating the effect of the information presented by the retiree, staff and innovative

technology, on pensioner satisfaction.

3.7 Data Presentation

This section present the data collected through the questionnaire.

Table 1: Administration and return of questionnaire

Questionnaire Total Percentage(%)

Administered 61 100

Returned 57 94

Not returned 4 6

Total 61 100

From the above table, a total number of 61 questionnaires was given out, 57 was returned and 4

was not returned.

Table 2: Frequency distributions of respondents according to gender

Option Respondents Percentage(%)

Male 37 61

Female 20 39

Total 57 100

From the table above, 61% of the respondents are male while 39% are female.

Table 3: Frequency distributions of respondents according to age of retirement

Age Group Respondents Percentage(%)

0 – 5 years 30 52
6 – 10 years 19 33

Above 10 years 8 15
 Total 57 100
From the table above, 52% of the respondents are between the age bracket of 0 - 5 years, 33%

are between the age bracket of 6 –10 while 15% are above 10 years of retirement.

Table 4: Frequency distributions of respondents according to educational level

Educational Level Respondents Percentage(%)

Secondary/Grade II 7 13

NCE/ND 25 43

HND/Degree 18 32

Post-graduate 5 9

Other 2 3

Total 57 100

From the returned questionnaires, 13% are of secondary or grade II educational level, 43% are of

the NCE/ND level, 32% are of HND/Degree level, 9% are of the postgraduate level while 3%

falls under the other category.

Table 5: Pensioners’ view on computerized Pension Management System

Items No. of No. of % of YES % of NO Tot %

YES NO al Total

Are you aware of computerized 13 44 21 79 57 100

pension Management System?
Have you seen such system before? 7 50 11 89 57 100
Would you like computerized mode of 54 3 95 5 57 100
 payment?
Would you like to read detail 44 14 71 29 57 100
information about your status online?
Would you prefer English as the 30 27 56 44 57 100
system language?
Would you prefer Hausa as the system 28 29 44 56 57 100
language
Would you prefer having online 43 14 69 31 57 100
verification?

From the table above, 79% of the respondents are not aware of computerized pension

management system only 21% are aware of it, 11% of the respondents have seen it while 89%

have not seen it before, 95% prefer image on the system while 5% do not want image on the

system menu, 71% want to read additional information about payment and verification status

while 29% do not want it, 56% want English as the system language while 44% prefer Hausa

lastly 69% want online detail verification on the computerized system.

Table 3.6: Effect of the information provided by the pension system, the staff and the innovative
technology on customer satisfaction.
Question No. of YES No. of NO % of YES % of NO Total % Total

The information provided by the 49 8 84 16 57 100

computerized pension board
improve your confidence in the
verification or payment process?
The services of staff are highly 43 14 69 31 57 100
significant in pension board
services?
The application of innovative 50 7 94 6 57 100
technologies such as tablet in the
pension verification process is
eases the procedures?
From the above table, 84% respondent believe that the information provided by the

computerized pension management system, improves their confidence in achievement their

monthly wages, 69% of the respondents believe that the services of the staff is highly significant

in the pension management system services and lastly 94% of the respondent agree that

innovative technology like the tablet eases the verification procedures.

3.8 Data Analysis

After the completion of data gathering step, the collected data about the system is analyzed to

ensure that the data is accurate and complete. Data flow diagram and system flowchart are

common tools use for the data analysis. Therefore, the researcher has opted to use system

flowchart. System flowchart, explain the workable system using diagram to show the flow of

data through the system. It is used in analyzing, designing, documenting and managing the

system to solve the problem.

Figure 1: System flowchart

3.9 Feasibility Analysis

Feasibility study is high level capsule version of entire system analysis and the design process.

The objective is to determine how quickly and at the minimum expense how to solve the

problem and to determine how the problem is solved. The system has been tested for feasibility

base on technical, operational, economical and, legal feasibility.

3.9.1 Technical feasibility.

To determine whether the company has the capability, in terms of software, hardware, personnel

and expertise, to handle the completion of this project, the technical feasibility was carried. It

focuses on function, performances and constraints that may affect the ability to achieve an

acceptable system so that necessary function and performance are archive within the constraints.

To overcome the problem of incompatibility that may occur, the pension system, both the client

side and server was design using web programming (PHP, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap and

JavaScript) because it is platform independent.

3.9.2 Economics feasibility.

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new

system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the

benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If

benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. The

analysis must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action.

It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can be categorized as follows: 1.

Development costs; and 2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the

system and the benefits derivable out of the system.

The development cost of the proposed system is affordable for any organization like government

and this statement is confirmed by the Chairman of the board And it needs little or no additional

operating cost as to implement the system, they do not need purchase any extra equipment.

Current hardware and network system is more than requirement for the future system. Again

little training cost associated to cope up with the system. In order to enlighten the employee on

the new system.

3.9.3 Operational feasibility.

Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems face by

the organization and thus, improve their efficiencies and effectiveness which will give the

organization competitive advantage over it competitors.

From analyzing the problems of the current system (paper menu) and the benefits of the

proposed system, it is clear that the proposed system will not be considered as loss at all because

it cut down the cost of operations by reducing the number of human waiter, and the cost of

printing the menu. This cost, being cut down, when accumulated over a period of time, weighed

far more than the cost of implementing the computerized pension management system.

3.9.4 Legal feasibility.

Legal feasibility is carried out ensure that, the proposed system should not conflict rules and

regulation of the industrial code of ethics and the government rules and regulation. Example,

using the system to promote increment/decrement pensioner fund, displaying inappropriate

image, and contravening copyright law were all avoided in development of this system.

3.10 Choice of Methodology

The methodology describes the procedures, tools, techniques that were employed to achieve the

specific objectives of the computerized restaurant menu. The development of the System was
based on the model below. It involved requirement determination, requirement analysis, system

design, implementation, testing and validation. This approach below describes the sequence of

steps involved. For the purpose of this study the water fall model was used.

3.10.1 Water fall model.

Water fall model also refer to as the linear-sequential life cycle model. It’s very simple to

understand to use. that is major reason why this design is been done using this method.

In water fall model, each phase must be fully completed before the next phase can begin. This

methodology, is basically used for the project which is small and there is no uncertain

requirement. This feature, make the water fall model to be the right model to be apply in this

project work. At the end of each phase, a review is implemented to see if the project is on the

track and also to determine whether to continue with development. In this model testing of the

system can only come after the development is completed. Phases development in waterfall

model do not overlap.

 Figure 2: Waterfall model diagram

3.11 Framework Design

This section takes into consideration, the real or conceptual structures and their interrelationship

intended to serve as the guide in the developing the system. It provides the component design,

interaction design, database design and the system interaction design.

3.11.1 Component design.

An individual software component is a software package, a web service, a web resource, or a

module that encapsulates a set of related functions (or data). All system processes are placed into

separate components so that all of the data and functions inside each component are semantically

related (just as with the contents of classes). Because of this principle, it is often said that

components are modular and cohesive.

With regard to system-wide co-ordination, components communicate with each other via

interfaces. When a component offers services to the rest of the system, it adopts a provided

interface that specifies the services that other components can utilize, and how they can do so.

This interface can be seen as a signature of the component. The component design for the

computerized pension management system, is below.

 Figure 3: Component diagram

Component design show the software components of a system and how they are related to each

other, how the services are allocated to different components and also the interfaces of the

components are designed and the services that are allocated to each subsystem are designed as to

be implemented.

3.11.2 Interaction design.

Interaction between components and/or modules. It involves identifying major system

components and their communications. There are two capable ways of representing the

interaction diagram. That is the UML sequence diagram and the UML collaboration diagram.

But for the purpose of this work the UML sequence diagram was used to represent the system

interaction. And it shown on the next page.

 Figure 4: Sequence diagram

3.11.3 Database design.

Data modelling is used for logical database design. A conceptual model of data used in an

application is obtained by using an entity relationship model. The ER model defines the

conceptual view of a database. It works around real-world entities and the associations among

them. At view level, the ER model is considered a good option for designing databases.

Table 1 Admin table

Field Data type Description
Admin-id Int(3) Admin ID
User Varchar (100) User
Pass Varchar (100) Password

Field Data type Description

Staff-id Int Auto-increment
P-port Varchar (255) Image path
Title Varchar (255) Title
f-name Varchar (255) First name
M-name Varchar (255) Middle name
 L-name Varchar (255) Last name
Gender Varchar (255) Gender
Dob Varchar (255) Date of birth
Year-service Varchar (255) Year of service
Service-start-date Varchar (255) Service start date
Grade level Varchar (255) Grade level
Category Varchar (255) Category
Cert Varchar (255) Certificate
Salary Varchar (255) Salary
Pension Varchar (255) Pension
Staff-id Varchar (255) Staff id
Verify Varchar (255) Verification
Fund Int (100) Fund
Source: Authors’ Computation

An entity can be a real-world object, either animate or inanimate, that can be easily identifiable.

For example, in this database, pensioner, staff, fund, and transactions can be considered as

entities. All these entities have some attributes or properties that give them their identity.

Relationships between entities are represented by diamond-shaped box. Name of the relationship

is written inside the diamond-box. All the entities (rectangles) participating in a relationship, are

connected to it by a line. These relationships can exist in the following ways; one-to-one denoted

by ‘1:1’, one-to-many denoted by ‘1: N’, and many to-many represented by ‘M:M’.

3.11.4 Interface design.

Interface design is concerned with the dialogue between a user and the computer. it is concerned

with everything from starting the system or login into the system to the eventually presentation

of desired inputs and outputs. The system user should always be aware of what to do next. The

screen should be formatted so that various types of information, instructions and messages

always appear in the same general display area.

Below are the interfaces required for this design.

(i) Login interface.

 Figure 5: Login interface diagram

(ii) Create New worker interface.

Figure 6: create new worker interface diagram

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