NAME: ABUBAKAR HUSSAINI

MATRIC NO: HBA/19/3219

DEPARTMENT: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
COURSE: DEVELOPMENTS AND MANAGEMENT
DATE: 21/12/2020
QUESTION
EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING

i. Plant
ii. Layout
iii. Materials Handling
iv. Tetrotechnology

PLANT.

Meaning of Plant

Plant layout is a “technique of locating different machines and plant services

within the factory so that the greatest possible output of high quality at the lowest
possible total cost can be available.

It signifies the arrangement of machines, work areas, material handling

equipment’s, transport, and storing of different materials, products, tools and
fixtures etc. Proper plant layout is one of the keys of success in factory
management. The layouts for the same product may be numerous, but which costs
less in the long run is the best.

Since plant layout is responsible for an orderly flow of materials, productivity and
morale of the workers, it is necessary to have systematic layout planning. This has
become all the more necessary with the increasing costs of the land, labour and
building materials.

LAYOUT

layout is a plan for effective utilisation of facilities for the manufacture of

products; involving a most efficient and economical arrangement of machines,
materials, personnel, storage space and all supporting services, within available
floor space. Plant layout is a plan of optimum arrangement of facilities including
personnel, equipment’s, storage space, material handling equipment and all other
supporting services along with the decision of best structure to contain all these
facilities.”

Material handling

Definition of Material Handling

Material handling is an activity that involves movement of material or products

within an organization from one place to another place or the flow of material or
products to vehicles or from vehicles. The activities are usually confined within the
boundaries of an organization. The movement of material from one organization to
another is categorized as transportation work, which is not part of material
handling activities.

It is not only about the movement of material. It also involves storage, protection,
and control of material while it moves in different departments like a warehouse,
production, and manufacturing departments. It is one of the essential tasks for
organizations. A poorly handled material become waste before it can be used for
production purpose or before it is sent to retail stores.
In the old times, it was mostly done manually because of the lack of technology.
Because of that, the number of accidents during handling work was quite high. In
present times, with the introduction of technology, almost all of the work is done
using automation or semi-automation. The introduction of technology not only
reduced the cases of accidents occurred but also made the work fast.

iii. Terotechnology

Terotechnology is a combination of management, financial, engineering, building

and other practices applied to physical assets in pursuit of economic life cycle
costs. The branch of technology and engineering concerned with the installation
and maintenance of equipment, building & structure.
Terotechnology is the maintenance of assets in optimal manner. It is the
combination of management, financial, engineering, and other practices applied to
physical assets such as plant, machinery, equipment, buildings and structures in
pursuit of economic life cycle costs.
REFERENCE

Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?". BioSystems. 14

(3–4): 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.

Lewis, L.A.; McCourt, R.M. (2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants".
American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556.
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.

Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land
plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
ISBN 978-1-56098-730-7.