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Art Appreciation Notes
Art Appreciation Notes
Refer to some mental state that a spectator brings to or undergoes either in response to
artworks or to nature
Aesthetics are reception oriented
“The trouble about beauty is that tastes and standards of what is beautiful vary so much”
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Two ways of reading art
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Art’s specificity
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o The language or vocabulary that has to do with the mediums, techniques and visual
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elements if art that constitute it as a distinct area if human knowledge and signifying
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presence
o Being historically situated and shaped by social, economic, and political forces
Documentary Information
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Artist’s name
Medium and techniques
Dimensions or measurements
Date of the work
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Provenance
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o Deals with the features, aspects, and qualities of the image, which are the second
level signifiers
o Is the subject meaningful in terms of the sociocultural context? Does it reflect or
have a bearing on the values and ideologies arising in a particular place and time?
Contextual Plane
o Social and historical context of the work of art to bring out the human and social
implications
o Brings out the trajectories of the work into the larger reality that has produced it
o Situates the work in the personal and social circumstances of its production
Axiological or Evaluative Plane
o Analyzing the values of a work
o Standards of excellence in artistic skill, creativity, insight
o Is the medium appropriate?
o Familiarity with the medium is needed
In order to have your own value system
Relate it back to the larger social environment
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The critic is the “one who vitally contributes to the dynamic dialogue, interaction
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and debate in the field of art and culture as these intersect with other human
concerns among them political, social, and economic.”
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Form
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“…there had to be more to art than the simple imitation of reality”
If imitation is the sole purpose of the graphic arts, it is surprising that the works of such arts
are ever looked upon as more than toys
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The work of art communicated not by what it showed but by how it showed it
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Art expresses the imaginative life rather than a copy of the actual life
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Unity
o Variety
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Color
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Death of the Author
Roland Barthes
“in literature, the epitome and culmination of capitalist ideology, has attached the greatest
importance to the ‘person’ of the author”
“In the multiplicity of writing, everything is to be disentangled, nothing deciphered”
“the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author”
Points to ponder
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Rethinking criticism
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o How involved/detached should the author/artist be?
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Simulacrum and Simulations
How would you describe our world today?
Climate change
Technological
Hierarchical
Fast paced
AN absence of reality
There is no reality
Reality does not matter
Four stages
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Signification- signs which imitate reality
2. It masks and perverts a basic reality; it is an evil appearance
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Reproduced by mechanical technologies
Art as a commodity
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As such, may mask political agendas
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3. It masks the absence of a basic reality; it plays at being an appearance
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It bears no relation to any reality whatsoever
We are confronted with a precession of simulacra – the representation precedes and
determines the real
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Hyperreality
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1.Media
v i y re
Consumerism
News platforms
2.Capitalism
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knowledge’
4. It bears no relation to any reality whatever; it is its own pure simulacrum
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Culture and architecture under martial law
“Even the most perfect reproduction of a work of art is lacking in one element: its
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presence in time and space, its unique existence at the place where it happens to
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be”
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Mechanical Reproduction
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To destroy the aura is the mark of a perception whose “sense of the universal equality of
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things has increased to such a degree that it extracts it even from a unique object by means
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of reproduction
Politics
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“mechanical reproduction emancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on
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ritual”
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“with the advent of the first truly revolutionary means of reproduction, photography,
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simultaneously with the rise of socialism, art sensed the approaching crisis…”
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Why Benjamin?
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Culture Industry and the state of the Philippine Film
Mainstream film
o Typical plot
o More prestigious artists
o Love theme
o Products and merchandising
o Catered towards the masses
o Usually has a happy ending
Independent film
o Catered to niche groups; “educated” groups
o Shows culture
o Focuses on message
o Low budget
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Distribution/Circulation
Content or Narratives
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Audiences
Profit driven productions
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“Culture Industry as the capitalist driven entertainment industry and its mass production of
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commodities such as films and music”
“Culture Industry are owned by capitalist classes that enables them to spread their advertising driven
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ideology”
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“Culture industry produces ‘rubbish’ that represses and renders audiences socially and politically
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inactive”
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Avant-garde and Kitsch
Avant Garde
Kitsch
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German definition: “trash”
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Kitsch is a product of the industrial revolution which urbanized the masses of Western
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Europe and America and established what is called universal literacy
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Formulaic; offers instantaneous emotional gratification without intellectual effort
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Simulacra of “culture”
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