ENERGY PROFILE

Singapore
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7: ENERGY INDICATORS (2017)
Renewable energy (% of TFEC) 0.7 Access to electricity (% of population) 100.0
Energy efficiency (MJ per $1 of GDP) 3.1 Access to clean cooking (% of population) >95
Public flows renewables (2017 USD M) n.a. Per capita renewable capacity (W/person) 57.7
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES)

TPES 2012 2017 Total primary energy supply in 2017

Non-renewable (TJ) 1 015 275 1 149 250 3% 1% Oil
Renewable (TJ) 13 603 17 124
Total (TJ) 1 028 878 1 166 374 Gas
Renewable share (%) 1 1 32%
Nuclear
Growth in TPES 2012-17 2016-17
Non-renewable (%) +13.2 +28.3 64% Coal + others
Renewable (%) +25.9 +16.9
Total (%) +13.4 +28.1 Renewables

Primary energy trade 2012 2017 Renewable energy supply in 2017

Imports (TJ) 6 591 387 7 898 874 0%
0%
4%
Exports (TJ) 3 562 882 4 349 472 Hydro/marine
Net trade (TJ) -3 028 505 -3 549 402 Wind
Imports (% of supply) 641 677
Exports (% of production) 13525 15744 Solar
Energy self-sufficiency (%) 3 2
Bioenergy
Net trade (USD million) - 48 291 - 24 568
96%
Net trade (% of GDP) -16.4 -7.2 Geothermal

RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Consumption by source 2012 2017 Renewable energy consumption in 2017

Electricity (TJ) 6 327 7 462 2%
Electricity
Heat (TJ) 0 0
Bioenergy (TJ) 513 181
Solar + geothermal (TJ) 0 0 Heat
Total (TJ) 6 840 7 643
Bioenergy
Electricity share (%) 93 98

Consumption growth 2012-17 2016-17 98% Solar +

Renewable electricity (%) +17.9 -3.1 geothermal
Other renewables (%) -64.7 -49.2
Total (%) +11.7 -5.1
Industry
Consumption by sector 2012 2017
Industry (TJ) 2 659 3 229 38% 42% Transport
Transport (TJ) 333 414
Households (TJ) 949 1 098 Households
Other (TJ) 2 899 2 902
14% Other
Renewable share of TFEC 0.7 5%
 ELECTRICITY CAPACITY AND GENERATION
Capacity in 2019 MW % Renewable capacity in 2019
Non-renewable 13 364 97 0%
Renewable 467 3 Hydro/marine
Hydro/marine 0 0
Solar 255 2 Solar
Wind 0 0 45%
Bioenergy 211 2 Wind
Geothermal 0 0 55%
Total 13 831 100 Bioenergy

Capacity change (%) 2014-19 2018-19 Geothermal

0%
Non-renewable + 5 0.0
Renewable + 124 + 25.6 Net capacity change (MW)
Hydro/marine + 31 0.0
Non-renewable Renewable
Solar + 909 + 59.3 500
Wind 0 0.0
Bioenergy + 15 0.0 400
Geothermal 0 0.0
Total + 7 + 0.7 300
Net capacity change in 2019 (MW) 200
Non-renewable Hydro and marine
100
0 0
0
Solar Wind
- 100
+ 95 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Bioenergy Geothermal Capacity utilisation in 2018 (%)

0 0 Fossil 42
Nuclear
Generation in 2018 GWh % Hydro/Mar 3
Non-renewable 50 724 96
Solar 12
Renewable 2 181 4
Hydro and marine 0 0 Wind 40
Solar 171 0 Bio
Wind 0 0
Bioenergy 2 010 4 Geo
Geothermal 0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Total 52 905 100
Per capita electricity generation (kWh) Renewable generation (GWh)
Total Renewable Hydro/marine Solar Wind Bio Geo
10 000 2 500
8 000 2 000
6 000 1 500
4 000 1 000
2 000 500
0 0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
 TARGETS, POLICIES AND MEASURES
3 7 4
Most immediate clean energy targets & NDCs
year target unit
Renewable energy:
Renewable electricity:
Renewable capacity:
Renewable transport:
Liquid Biofuel blending mandate:
Other transport targets:
Renewable heating/cooling:
Renewable Hydropower
Off-grid renewable technologies:
Energy efficiency (Energy): 2030 35 %
Energy efficiency (Electricity):
Latest policies, programmes and legislation

1 EE Funding for Qualifying Costs for Energy Assesment in Industries 2018

2 Energy conservation (prescribed regulated goods) order 2017 2018

3 MEPS for Motors (IE3) 2018

4 Requirements for Energy Efficiency Opportunities Assessment (EEOA) for New Ventures (NV) 2018

5 BlueSG 2017
References to sustainable energy in Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)
Conditional Unconditional unit
- Renewable energy
- electricity
- transport
- heating/cooling
- Energy efficiency
ENERGY AND EMISSIONS
Energy-related CO2 emissions by sector Elec. & heat generation CO2 emissions in 2018
Elec. & heat Other Industrial Transport Other Buildings
60 +4% 4%7% Coal + others
Mt CO2 Emissions

40
24 Gas
Mt CO 2
20
Oil
0.0 89%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Avoided emissions from renewable elec. & heat CO2 emission factor for elec. & heat generation
Emitted CO2 RE Avoided CO2 SGP Asia World
30 800
Mt CO2 Emissions

600
20
tCO2 /GWh

455 458
400
10
200

0.0 0.0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Avoided emissions based on fossil fuel mix used for power Calculated by dividing power sector emissions by elec. + heat gen.
 RENEWABLE RESOURCE POTENTIAL
Distribution of solar potential Distribution of wind potential
World Singapore World Singapore

100% 100%

80% 80%

Proportion of land area

Proportion of land area

60% 60%

40% 40%

20% 20%

0% 0%
<1200 1200-1400 1400-1600 1600-1800 1800-1900 1900-2000 >2000 <260 260-420 420-560 560-670 670-820 820-1060 >1060
Annual generation per unit of installed PV capacity (kWh/kWp/yr) Wind power density at 100m height (W/m2)

Biomass potential: net primary production Indicators of renewable resource potential

5 6
Solar PV: Solar resource potential has been divided into seven
4 7 classes, each representing a range of annual PV output per unit
of capacity (kWh/kWp/yr). The bar chart shows the proportion
of a country's land area in each of these classes and the global
3 8 distribution of land area across the classes (for comparison).
Onshore wind: Potential wind power density (W/m2) is shown
in the seven classes used by NREL, measured at a height of
9 100m. The bar chart shows the distribution of the country's land
2
area in each of these classes compared to the global
distribution of wind resources. Areas in the third class or above
are considered to be a good wind resource.
1 10
Biomass: Net primary production (NPP) is the amount of
8.5 carbon fixed by plants and accumulated as biomass each year.
0 11 It is a basic measure of biomass productivity. The chart shows
tC/ha/yr the average NPP in the country (tC/ha/yr), compared to the
global average NPP of 3-4 tonnes of carbon per year.
= Global average of 3-4 tC/ha/yr

Sources: IRENA statistics, plus data from the following sources: UN SDG
Database (original sources: WHO; World Bank; IEA; IRENA; and UNSD); UN
World Population Prospects; UNSD Energy Balances; UN COMTRADE; World
Bank World Development Indicators; EDGAR; REN21 Global Status Report; IEA-
IRENA Joint Policies and Measures Database; IRENA Global Atlas; and World
Bank Global Solar Atlas and Global Wind Atlas.

Additional notes: Capacity per capita and public investments SDGs only apply
to developing areas. Energy self-sufficiency has been defined as total primary
energy production divided by total primary energy supply. Energy trade includes
all commodities in Chapter 27 of the Harmonised System (HS). Capacity
utilisation is calculated as annual generation divided by year-end capacity x
8,760h/year. Avoided emissions from renewable power is calculated as
renewable generation divided by fossil fuel generation multiplied by reported
emissions from the power sector. This assumes that, if renewable power did not
exist, fossil fuels would be used in its place to generate the same amount of
power and using the same mix of fossil fuels. In countries and years where no
fossil fuel generation occurs, an average fossil fuel emission factor has been used
IRENA Headquarters to calculate the avoided emissions.
Masdar City These profiles have been produced to provide an overview of developments in
P.O. Box 236, Abu Dhabi renewable energy in different countries and areas. The IRENA statistics team
United Arab Emirates would welcome comments and feedback on its structure and content, which can
be sent to statistics@irena.org.
www.irena.org