Text is for number 76 - 77

The economic history of the United States", one scholar has written, "is the history
of the rise and development of the capitalistic system”. The colonists of the eighteenth
century pushed forward what those of the seventeenth century had begun: the expansion
and elaboration of an economy born in the great age of capitalist expansion. Our excellent
natural resources paved the way for the development of abundant capital to increase our
growth. Capital includes the tools-such as machines, vehicles, and buildings-that make the
outputs of labor and resources more valuable. But it also includes the funds necessary to
buy those tools. If a society had to consume everything it produced just to stay alive,
nothing could be put aside to increase future productions. But if a farmer can grow more
corn than his family needs to eat, he can use the surplus as seed to increase the next crop, or
to feed workers who build tractors. This process of capital accumulation was aided in the
American economy by our cultural heritage. Saving played an important role in the
European tradition; it contributed to Americans' motivation to put something aside today
for the tools to buy tomorrow.

76. In the line 7 the word it refers to …

a. Growth
b. Resources
c. Labor
d. Capital
e. Machines

77. The word it in line 13 refers to …

a. European traditions
b. Saving played
c. Capital accumulation
d. Capital
e. American economy
Text is for number 78 – 82.

After rising steadily for almost a century, standards of education in the public
school of Europe and North America have leveled off and, in the opinion of many parents
and employers, are actually falling. More and more children are leaving school with little
more than a basic knowledge of reading, writing and arithmetic, and literacy is becoming a
social problem once again. With dropout rates of twenty seven percent in high schools and
fifty percent in colleges, the American education system is clearly in trouble; European drop-
out rates, though lower than those of the US, are rising too.

Various factors have been blamed for the apparent decline in educational
standards. Some people say that overcrowding and lack of discipline are major factors.
Others maintain that subject like art and drama have been overemphasized at the expense of
more practical subjects. The negative influence of television is frequently mentioned as a
reason for growing literacy. Many teachers and principle, however, insist that the problem is
not falling standards but of rising expectations on the part of parents and employers.

Whether or not standards in public school are actually falling, many parents feel
that the only way to secure a good education for their children is to send them to private
schools, which generally have summer classes and stricter discipline. The popularity of such
school is growing steadily, despite the high tuition fees. In the United States, for example,
eleven percent of all school children attend private school, in France, over sixteen percent do
so.

78. The topic of the text is about …

a. Troubles in Europe and America education system.
b. Declining education standards in American.
c. Factors determining general education standards.
d. Problems in education in European and American public school.
e. Declining of parents’ trust toward American education systems.

79. Why do private schools become popular among parents? Because …

a. Public schools have bad education management.
b. Private schools provide more complete facilities.
c. Parents expectations toward private school credibility.
d. The high of dropout rate in public schools.
e. They think that private schools provide better education.
 80. According to the text, which of the following statements about the education of
children in public schools are true except …
a. Standards of public schools are falling.
b. Public school should offer more practical subject.
c. Drop outs lack basic knowledge of reading and writing.
d. The drop-out rate in Europe is lower than that in the U.S.
e. Parents are not satisfied with the implementation of teaching like art and drama.
81. Which of the following is thought to be a factor of causing the decline in education
standards?
a. There are too many pupils in the class.
b. Discipline in school is generally too strict.
c. The tuition fees are expensive.
d. Having few of students.
e. Parents and employers expect too much from teachers.
82. In which lines of the text does author mention school authorities do not think that
educational standards in public school is declining …
a. Lines 4 – 6
b. Lines 8 – 10
c. Lines 12 - 13
d. Lines 22 – 25
e. Lines 26 – 30

Text is for number 83 -83.

Text A

Soaring carbon emission from a meat-hungry developing world could be cut back
substantially by improving animal breeds and feed, according to a study. It is estimated that
livestock farming contributes 18 – 51 percent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions.
Demand for livestock products is predicted to double by 2050 as a result of growing
populations, urbanization, and better income in the developing world, which will cause
emissions to rise.

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science suggests
that 12 percent of total livestock related emissions in 2030 could easily be curtailed with
simple improvements in production. These include: switching to more nutritious pasture
grasses; supplementing livestock diets based on grass with small amounts of crop residues
or grains; restoring degraded grazing lands; growing trees that trap carbon while producing
leaves that livestock could eat; and adopting more productive breeds. "Organizations from
the West, especially the World Watch Institute, have continued to blame livestock-keeping
for being one of the major polluters of the world, yet livestock keeping's positives by far
outweigh the negative, " said Mario Herrero, co-author of the paper and a senior scientist at
International Livestock Research Institute.

Text B

Livestock farmers in developing countries have a relatively small environmental

footprint and their animals provide them with food, income, and transport for their crops,
said John Byron. "What these farmers need are technological options and economic
incentives that help them intensify their production in sustainable ways," he added.

Henning Steinfeld, coordinator of the Live- stock, Environment, and Development

Initiative at the Food and Agriculture Organization, said: "If one were able to connect this to
small holder development by making poor farmers benefit through the possibility of carbon
offsets and carbon markets that would indeed create a win-win solution where one would
have socioeconomic benefits, targeting poor people, while reducing the carbon “hoofprint”
(the carbon footprint of livestock).

Improving livestock production should be done to improve livelihoods and not just
for climate reasons, Kirtana Candrasekaran, food campaigner for Friends of the earth. She
added that intensive agriculture is also contributing to biodiversity loss so “it’s very
dangerous” just to look at lowering emissions “when there’s a whole host of other factors
affecting improvement in livestock farming”.

83. The theme of these two texts would be likely be …

a. Research for better livestock farming.
b. Livestock farming and carbon emissions.
c. Livestock as a top source of air pollution.
d. Arguments for sustainable livestock farming.
e. Cutting carbon emissions in livestock farming

84. It can be concluded from the two texts that cattle productions are considered
“successful” if they …
a. Contribute more to economic benefits for the human’s livelihood.
 b. Address reduction of carbon emissions, biodiversity, and better quality of life.
c. Result from provisions of appropriate technology and economic motivations.
d. Are controlled from the side of economic and technology management.
e. Considered both technology and natural factors affecting livestock farming.

Text is for number 85 – 86.

About two centuries ago, humans enjoyed their first ride in cloth balloon.
Passengers rode in basket fastened below the balloon. It was not easy for these brave
adventures because they dependent solely on the wind velocity and direction to move them
about.

Germany began producing and using airships about forty-six years later with its
famous Zeppelins. The largest and probably most famous of Germany’s airships was the
Hindenburg, which could travel at eighty-five miles per hour.

Later, Great Britain and France built smaller airship called Blimps. The later
airships were intended for patrolling the coast and observing submarine activity. While the
former served as passengers and cargo ships.

85. What is the topic of the text?

a. First airborne ride
b. Germany’s airship
c. Blimps
d. Airborne time to time
e. Zeppelins
86. Why was it difficult to fly the air-filled balloons?
a. The balloons were too sluggish.
b. It was hard to get off the ground
c. There were too many people inside
d. It was difficult to make it flying high.
e. There were no ways of controlling them.

Text is for number 87 – 90.

A common way of gaining knowledge is through experience, which relies on (1) …One of
author is reminded of a time when he was interviewing , an old order Amish farmer was
while their two 5-year-old sons played with a small snapping turtle. As the Amish boy held
the turtle in one hand he would reach out with the other and tap the turtle's beak with his
index finger, jerking it away as the animal snapped harmlessly in the air. Several times, the
farmer interrupted his conversation to warn his son that if he (2) ... to tease the turtle, he
would be sorry. Suddenly, the boy (3)... and dropped the turtle to the ground. As the father
retrieved a handkerchief from his pocket and (4)... the man looked into his son's eyes and
said in German what is roughly translated into "maybe the turtle has taught you what your
father could not”. The author could not help but feel that his son, who stood in horror
looking at his Amish friend’s bleeding finger, had also learned from the experience.

87. Which option best to complete (1)?

a. A story about learning to get experience
b. An old order Amish farmer experience.
c. Doing everything have a risk
d. Achievement
e. Trial – and – error learning

88. Which option best to complete (2)?

a. Stopped
b. Continued
c. Did
d. Played
e. Touched

89. Which option best to complete (3)?

a. Painful squeal
b. Squeals out in pain
c. Squealed out in pain
d. Squealing out in pain
e. Painfully squealed out

90. Which option best to complete (4)?

a. Attended to the young boy’s bleeding finger.
b. Given to his son
c. Tied the boy’s finger
d. Was angry with his son
e. Tried to make his son calm getting the wound.