12

TVL-IA
Automotive Servicing
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Procedure in Compression Testing of
Diesel & Gasoline
TVL-IA-Automotive Servicing – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Procedure in Compression Testing of Diesel & Gasoline
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Christine Joy C. Pascual and Marlon M. Cadiz
Editors: Clifford O. Ignacio, John Paul Jeremiah Teves
Reviewers: Clifford O. Ignacio, John Paul Jeremiah Teves
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Adolf P. Aguilar, Ed.D., TM Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
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Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

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Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 12
TVL-IA
Automotive Servicing
Quarter 2– Module 11:
Procedure in Compression
Testing of Diesel & Gasoline

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (TVL) IA Automotive Servicing NC I Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on (Procedure in Compression Testing of Diesel and
Gasoline)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the (TVL) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on (Procedure

in Compression Testing of Diesel and Gasoline)!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning

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 competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Types of Vehicle for Driving. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Know the following procedures in compression testing of diesel and

gasoline engine.
2. Arrange the procedures of compression testing in gasoline and diesel
engine.
3. Value the importance of compression testing.

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 What I Know

Instruction: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write only the
letter of your choice.

1. Reveals the condition of your engine's valves, its valve seats, and piston
rings and whether these parts are wearing evenly.

A. Compression B. Compression Test C. Compression Result D. Test

2. piston goes up, pushes exhaust through the exhaust valve

A. Exhaust stroke B. Intake Stroke C. Compression Stroke D. Stroke

3. Piston goes up, mixture of fuel and air is compressed

A. Exhaust Stroke B. Intake Stroke C. Compression Stroke D. Stroke

4. fuel is mixed with air.

A. Exhaust Stroke B. Intake Stroke C. Compression Stroke D. Stroke

5. Fuel/air is ignited through the use of a spark plug.

A. Ignition Stroke B. Combustion Stroke C. Intake Stroke D. Stroke

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Lesson
PROCEDURE IN COMPRESSION
1 TESTING OF DIESEL

Compression testing is basically a test to determine the amount of

leakage past the piston rings and valves in an engine cylinder.

With a compression test, internal engine malfunctions, such as due to

bad valves, excessive carbon build up, worn out piston rings, can be
detected much before they can cause irreparable damage.

Compression test reveals the condition of your engine's valves, its

valve seats, and piston rings and whether these parts are wearing evenly.
Healthy engines should have compression over 100 psi per cylinder, with no
more than 10 percent variation between the highest and lowest readings.
With a compression tester, a few hand tools, and 20 minutes, you can try
this yourself.

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 What’s In

Instruction: Before you start the module kindly unlock the following words
below. Choose the correct answer inside the box.

TEST EXHAUST SPECIMEN

STROKE ENGINE COMBUSTION
COMPRESSION TEST PISTON STEPS
COMPRESSION CYLINDER GUAGE

1. Any test in which a material experiences opposing forces that push

inward upon the specimen from opposite sides or is otherwise compressed,
“squashed”, crushed, or flattened.
2. A moving disk enclosed in a cylinder which is made gas-tight
by piston rings.
3. The power unit of an engine

4. A standard of measure or measurement. a standard dimension, size, or

quantity. any device or instrument for measuring, registering
measurements, or testing something, especially for measuring a dimension,
quantity, or mechanical accuracy.
5. A machine with moving parts that converts power into motion.

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 What’s New

Instructions: Look at the following pictures carefully.

1. What can you see in the picture?

2. Explain what is in the picture.

3. Is it necessary? Why?

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 What is It

Lesson
PROCEDURE IN COMPRESSION
1 TESTING OF DIESEL

The diesel engine was invented by Rudolf Diesel while attending engineering
school in Germany. Rudolf was surprised how inefficient gasoline and steam
engines were. The design of the diesel engine was patented in 1892.

To perform a diesel compression test, use the following procedures:

1. Remove all injectors or glow plugs. ...

2. Install the compression gauge in the recommended opening. ...
3. Disconnect the fuel shut-off solenoid to disable the fuel injection pump.
4. Crank the engine and note the highest reading on the gauge.

In a diesel engine, the explosion process is:

1. Intake stroke – intake valve opens, air in, piston goes down
2. Compression stroke – piston goes up, air compressed (heated in excess of 540°C)
3. Combustion stroke – fuel is injected (right time), ignition, piston goes down
4. Exhaust stroke – piston goes up, pushes exhaust through the exhaust valve

Diesel engines have ratios between 14:1 to 25:1.

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Lesson
PROCEDURE IN COMPRESSION
2 TESTING OF GASOLINE

In 1876, a man named Nikolaus August Otto invented the gas engine,
which used four-stroke combustion. That is the basic idea behind modern
car engines. At that point, the gasoline engine wasn't all that efficient.
Only 10 percent of the fuel was being used to move the vehicle. The rest
was merely producing heat.

How to do Compression Test on a Gasoline Engine

Pre-test conditions

Before you start the compression tests, ensure that the vehicle battery is
fully charged and the starter is in good working condition. This will enable
you to crank the engine multiple times without fail. Also, warm up the
engine to reach the normal working temperature.

1. Put on the safety gear

When working on engines, safety is paramount. Always wear safety eye

protection and a pair of safety gloves at least to protect your hands from oil
and other engine fluids. Also ensure that you put the transmission of your
car in parking (for automatic car) or neutral (for manual car). This will
prevent the car from moving when you crank the engine.

2. Remove the spark plugs and ignition wires

Label the spark plug wires and remove them from the engine. Follow up by
removing the spark plugs from their respective holes using a ratchet. If
your spark plugs are deep into the cylinder, attach the appropriate socket
extension to the ratchet to reach them. Be sure to label the spark plugs as
well so that you can return them to the right cylinders once you complete
the engine pressure test.

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3. Disconnect the ignition system

Disconnect the wiring harness at the ignition coil. This prevents the
ignition system of the motor from generating sparks that do not have
anywhere to go. These high voltage sparks are a dangerous safety risk.

4. Disable the fuel system

Disconnect the fuel system relay or fuse to prevent injectors from spraying
fuel into the combustion chamber. Consult the car repair manual to locate
the fuel relay or fuse. Once disconnected, crank the engine a couple of
times to remove fuel from the fuel lines. Alternatively, disconnect the fuel
injectors from wiring harnesses if they are easily accessible.

5. Attach the compression test tool to one cylinder

In this test, we are using Innova compression tester kit that resembles
many other compression check tools. First, attach the spark plug hose to
either the 14mm adapter or 12mm adapter. Most gasoline car engines have
a 14mm bore size. Then attach the spark plug hose assembly to the spark
plug hole by twisting to thread it in. Tighten the hose by hand. Do not
use any tool

Connect the quick attach compression guage to the hose assembly. To

do this, pull back the spring-loaded sleeve on the compression tester gauge,
insert the end of the hose then pull forward the sleeve until the coupling
snaps. Perform a pull test to ensure that the hose is locked into the gauge.

6. Perform dry compression test

After fitting the compression test tool, now start the car to begin
running compression test. Start by stepping the gas pedal all the way
down to the floor to open the throttle plate and crank the engine 5 times.

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Have someone film the compression guage while you crank so that you
can review cylinder compression behavior on each stroke. Alternatively,
have an assistant do the cranking while you observe the gauge. Ideally,
the compression should increase quickly and uniformly during each
compression stroke until a peak is reached.

Once the compression peak is reached, stop cranking the engine and
release the gas pedal. Record the compression test result and wait for
about 10 seconds to read the gauge again.

7. Disconnect the motor compression tester

After recording the compression values from the compression guage,

press the side release valve to release compressed air. Pull back the
sleeve on the pressure gauge to disconnect spark plug hose from the
compression gauge. Then unscrew the hose assembly from the spark
plug hole.

8. Perform wet compression test

After removing the spark plug hose from the spark plug hole, squirt
about 0.5 ounches of engine oil into the cylinder with the hand pump oil
can and reinstall the compression tester kit. Crank the engine five times
and record the wet compression reading for that cylinder next to the dry
compression test result. Now repeat step 7 to safely remove the engine
compression gauge kit and proceed to the next cylinder.

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9. Test other cylinders

Repeat steps 5 to 8 to perform wet and dry compression tests on other

cylinders. Make sure you record side by side both the dry compression
test results and wet compression test results.

10. Complete the compression test

First disconnect the negative terminal of the battery then restore the
fuel system by re-installing the fuel relay fuse or reconnecting the fuel
system relay. If you had disconnected the fuel injectors, reconnect their
wiring harnesses

Restore the ignition system by connecting back the wiring harness of

the ignition coil. Then re-install the spark plug wires. Follow up by
cleaning the spark plugs with a sand paper and re-gapping them to spec
using a feeler gauge or wire gauge. I have covered the process of how to
regap a spark plug using a feeler gauge in different article and video.

Afterwards, use a ratchet, a socket extension, and a deep socket to

screw in the tuned spark plugs into the spark plug hole. Use a torque
wrench to tighten plugs to spec as per the car repair manual.
Overtightening or undertightening a spark plug may affect significantly
the engine performance. Finally, reinstall the spark plug wire boots,
reconnect the negative battery terminal and start the engine. Now it is
time to analyse the compression test results.

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1. In a gasoline engine, the explosion process is:
2. Intake stroke – fuel is mixed with air
3. Compression stroke – piston goes up, mixture of fuel and air is compressed
4. Ignition stroke – fuel/air is ignited through the use of a spark plug
5. Exhaust stroke – piston goes up, pushes exhaust through the exhaust valve

Gasoline engines have a compression ratio between 8:1 to 12:1

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 What’s More

Instruction: Identify the following 4 stroke engine cycle.

1. 2. 3. 4.

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 What I Have Learned

1. Any engine, whether gasoline or diesel, requires compression to operate.

2. Both diesel and gasoline start out the same way, which is in the form of
crude oil mined from the earth.
3. The diesel engine was invented by Rudolf Diesel while attending
engineering school in Germany. Rudolf was surprised how inefficient
gasoline and steam engines were. The design of the diesel engine was
patented in 1892.

4. Compression is much higher with a diesel engine (14:1 to 25:1) than

a gasoline engine (8:1 to 12:1).
5. Gasoline engines use lower compression ratios to avoid fuel auto
ignition (engine knock).
6. In a gas engine, the air and fuel are compressed and, at a critical point in
the timing of the cycle, a spark plug ignites the mixture. But in a
diesel engine, there are no spark plugs. When diesel fuel and air are
squeezed enough, the extreme compression generates enough heat that the
mixture spontaneously combusts.
7. During the compression process, a spark plug ignites the fuel in a gas
engine. Diesel engines do not have spark plugs, but simply use extreme
compression to generate the heat required for spontaneous ignition, also
known as compression ignition.

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 What I Can Do

Instructions: Explain the following questions. Write your answers

briefly.

What is compression
testing?

Write the difference

of diesel and
gasoline engine in
the explosion
process.

Is compression
testing important?
Why?

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 Assessment

Part 1. Instruction:
Arrange the following procedures in compressure testing in gasoline
engine in-order. (2 Points each)
_______Disconnect the ignition system
_______Perform dry compression test

_______Put on the safety gear

_______Attach the compression test tool to one cylinder

_______Test other cylinders

_______Remove the spark plugs and ignition wires

_______Complete the compression test

_______Disable the fuel system

_______Disconnect the motor compression tester

_______Perform wet compression test

Part 2. Instruction:
Arrange the following procedures in compressure testing in diesel
engine in-order. (2 Points each)
_______Disconnect the fuel shut-off solenoid to disable the fuel injection
pump.

______Remove all injectors or glow plugs.

______Crank the engine and note the highest reading on the gauge.

______Install the compression gauge in the recommended opening.

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 Additional Activities

Instructions: Write the similarities and differences of compression testing

in diesel and gasoline using a Venn diagram.

DIESEL GASOLINE

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 17
What’s More
Assessment 1. Intake Stroke
Part 1 Part 2 2. Compression Stroke
1. 3 1. 3
2. 6 2. 1 3. Combustion Stroke
3. 1 3. 4
4. 5 4. 2 4. Exhaust Stroke
5. 9
6. 2
7. 10
8. 4
9. 7
10. 8
Answer Key
Additional Activity

Similarities

* Gasoline or diesel requires compression to operate.

* They both use internal combustion to convert fuel into mechanical energy to
move a vehicle.
* A diesel engine uses the same combustion cycle as a gasoline engine.
* Both diesel and gasoline start out the same way, which is in the form of crude
oil mined from the earth.

Differences

* The primary difference between a gasoline engine and a diesel engine is the
method by which the explosions occur.
* During the compression process, a spark plug ignites the fuel in a gas engine.
Diesel engines do not have spark plugs, but simply use extreme compression to
generate the heat required for spontaneous ignition, also known as compression
ignition.
* In a gas engine, the air and fuel are compressed and, at a critical point in
the timing of the cycle, a spark plug ignites the mixture. But in a diesel engine,
there are no spark plugs. When diesel fuel and air are squeezed enough, the
extreme compression generates enough heat that the mixture spontaneously
combusts.
* Compression is much higher with a diesel engine (14:1 to 25:1) than
a gasoline engine (8:1 to 12:1).
* Diesel fuel is more substantial than gas and thus evaporates more slowly. It
also has more energy density. These features, combined with the overall
efficiency of the diesel engine, helps explain why the fuel economy is typically
better than gas engines.
References
https://www.ncheurope.com/en/blog/lubricants/difference-between-
gasoline-and-diesel-engines

https://toolever.com/2593/how-to-do-compression-test/

https://www.google.com/search?q=INTAKE+POSITION+OF+GASOLINE&sou
rce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMkbevk-
3rAhUJE6YKHXVAA8wQ_AUoAXoECBkQAw&biw=1024&bih=489#imgrc=41
HmLaK6IrSEcM&imgdii=3ofeFEWIaSQtPM

https://www.caranddriver.com/research/a31515330/diesel-vs-gasoline/
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Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

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