APPLIED CHEMISTRY (UNIT: 3) AV MODULE: 3.

Alloys – definition, purposes of alloying,

ferrous alloys and non-ferrous with
suitable examples, properties and
applications.

Presented by:
Dr. MADHUSUDAN NANDY
LECTURER IN CHEMISTRY
GAYESHPUR GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
GAYESHPUR, KALYANI, NADIA, WB-741234
Alloy
An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or metals
and nonmetals. Eg. Stainless Steel
(Composition: Fe = 73% Cr = 18% Ni= 8% C=0.5-1);
Brass (Composition : Cu = 90%, Zn = 10%)

Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG )

 Classification Of Alloy
1. On Basis Of Microstructure:

a. Substitutional Alloy: Metal atoms composing the metallic

crystals are substituted with atoms of the other metal having
similar size. This is called a substitutional alloy.
Examples: Bronze (Cu, Sn) and Brass (Cu, Zn)
b. Interstitial alloys: An interstitial compound or interstitial
alloy is a compound that is formed when an atom of sufficiently
small radius sits in an interstitial position in a metallic crystal.
Example : Transition metal carbides and nitrides.

Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)

 Classification Of Alloy
b) On the basis of composition

i) Ferrous alloys - Alloys in which iron metal is the main constituent

are called ferrous alloys e.g. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
ii) Non-ferrous alloys - Alloys in which iron is not the main
constituent are called non-ferrous alloys. E.g. Bronze (Cu, Sn) and
Brass (Cu, Zn).
Nonferrous Alloys Ferrous Alloys
Nonferrous Alloys do not contain iron Iron is main constituent
as constituent
Nonferrous Alloys can not show Most of the ferrous alloy exhibit
magnetism magnetism
Such alloys do not corrode easily Most of the ferrous alloy are get
corroded easily
Nonferrous alloys have lower tensile Such alloys can exhibit high
strength then ferrous alloy tensile strength
Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)
Importance of Alloy preparation

i. To increase hardness and tensile strength

ii. To increase resistance to corrosion

iii. To modify casting properties

iv. To regulate thermal and electrical properties.

v. To regulate melting point of a particular metal.

Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)

 Methods of alloy preparation
1)Compression : In this method two or more than two metals
are powdered and mixed together. Then the mixture is
compressed at high pressure, now it is heated below the M.P.
e.g. Solder (Sn and Pb) is prepared by this method.

2) Fusion: In fusion method metal which possess high M.P. is

first melted in a crucible then the second metals is added to
it and the mixture is stirred thoroughly to intake it a
homogeneous mixture e.g. Brass alloys are prepared by this
method.

Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)

 Methods of alloy preparation

c) Reduction: An alloy can also be prepared by the reduction

of a suitable compound of one of the metal in the presence
of other metal. This method is used to prepare Aluminium
broze.

d) Electro-deposition: In electro-deposition method, the alloy

is prepared by simultaneous electro-deposition of the
compounds from the electrolyte containing their salt
solution.

Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)

 Some important ferrous alloys, their properties and uses

Stainless Fe = 73% Cr = It is corrosion resist. It is mainly used for

Steel 18% Ni= 8% making utensils,
C=0.5-1% cutlery and ornamental
pieces.
Tungsten Fe = 94% W = It can retain hardness It is employed for
Steel 5 % Rest even at high making high speed
carbon temperature. cutting tools.
Chrome Fe = 98-96 % It has high tensile Chrome steel is
Steel Cr = 2-4.5% strength primarily used or
making axles, ball
bearings and cutting
tools like files etc.

Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)

 Some important nonferrous alloys, their properties and uses
Duralumin Al = 95 % 1. It is light, tough and 1. It is extensively used
Cu = 4% highly ductile. in aircraft industry.
Mn = 0.5 % 2. It is good conductor 2. Due to good electrical
Mg = 0.5% of heat and electricity. conductivity, it finds use
3. It can easily be in making surgical
worked and possesses instruments,
high machinability cables etc.
Coinage- Cu = 89-92% 1. It is soft and ductile It is mainly used for
bronze Sn = 8-11% 2. It is durable pumps, valuable, wires,
utensils, coins etc.
Monel Metal Ni = 66-67% 1. It is bright, strong and 1. It is used for making
Cu = 28-30% tough. turbine blades, screws,
Fe = 1-2% Mn 2. It is very much 2. It is also used for
= 0.5-1% corrosion resistance. making automobile engine
3. It can be easily cleaned. parts, sinks, chemical,
textile, dye, petroleum
plants
Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)
Multiple choice based question
An alloy can be one of the following type
1. Homogenous
2. Heterogeneous
3. Intermetallic
4. All of the above Ans. 4

By adding chromium to steel which of the following property is

enhanced?
1. Resistance to corrosion
2. Electrical characteristics
3. Magnetic property
4. Ductility Ans. 1

Duralumin is an alloy of
1. Aluminium and iron
2. Aluminium and Copper
3. Aluminium and Carbon
4. Aluminium and mercury Ans.2
Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)
Manganin is an alloy of
1. Manganese and Aluminium
2. Copper and magnesium
3. Copper, manganese and nickel
4. Manganese, aluminum and iron Ans. 3

Which of the following alloy is used in making aircraft structures?

1. Brass
2. Duralumin
3. Bronze
4. Manganin Ans. 2

The alloy used for dental filling is

1. Silver amalgam
2. Brass
3. Bronze
4. Manganin Ans. 1

Which of the following is an alloy of tin?

1. Alnico
2. Amalgam
3. Babbitt metal (White metal)
4. Brass Ans. 3
Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)
 Thank you

Presented by: Dr. Madhusudan Nandy(GAG)