A SOCIALLY RELEVENT PROJECT REPORT

ON

TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN RURAL AREAS

Submitted to
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, KAKINADA
For Partial Fulfilment of Award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Submitted By

CHANDRIKA RANI.G 19X41A0529

RAMA CHANDRIKA.K 19X41A0535
DIVYA.M 19X41A0545

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

S.R.K INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AFFILIATED TO JNTU, KAKINADA)
Enikepadu, Vijayawada – 521108.

APRIL 2021
 TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN RURAL AREAS

S.R.K INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ENIKEPADU, VIJAYAWADA.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Socially Relevant project report entitled

“TELECOMMUNICATONS IN RURAL AREAS” is the Bonafede work of
CHANDRIKA RANI.G(19X41A0529), RAMA CHANDRIKA.K(19X41A0535),
DIVYA.M(19X41A0545) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the graduate degree in BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY during the academic year
2019-2020. This Work has carried out under our supervision and guidance.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Signature of the External Examiner

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 TELECOMMUNCATIONS IN RURAL AREAS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 4

3. EXISTING SYSTEM 5
3.1 ADVANTAGES 5
3.2 DISADVANTAGES 6

4. PROPOSED SYSTEM 7
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 8
4.2 WORKING PROCEDURE 9

5. CONCLUSION 11

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 12

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 TELECOMMUICATIONS IN RURAL AREAS

ABSTRACT

Telecommunication is referred to as e-communicating or e-work. The most important means of

transporting information is by converting it into electrical signals over a distance. Its role and function
are to provide communication at the wider level. Telecommunication networks are transmission
systems enabling information to be transmitted by means of electromagnetic or optical signals.
Advancements in telecommunication technologies have greatly impacted the way people interact
with each other through voice calls, video calls, stay in touch with family and friends, and data sharing
applications. The current level of rural tele-density in India is merely 40%, while the urban stands at
152%, which point towards the fact that a majority of Indian population still do not have access to
tele-com services. The government or non-government can take lead regarding this by developing
some companies in rural areas or people by their own can change a low speed connection to high-
speed connection, so that they can get job opportunities and can improve rural public services.
Electronic link may expand rural educational opportunities i.e., youth in rural areas depend on low-
skill industries and may see little connection between education and local economic opportunity.
Enhanced telecommunications in rural areas could even provide access to better medical services.

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1. INTRODUCTION:

“An efficient telecommunications network is the foundation upon which an

information society is built”

Telecommunications refer to the exchange of information by electronic and electrical

means over a significant distance. Today’s generation is all about the digital progress and
technological advancement. The immeasurable heights that technology has attained are a marker of
growth and development. It is a benefaction for the country and apparently, the whole world. No
aspect of our lives is devoid of this progressive innovation. Communication has become better than
ever. Businesses are blooming, education is upgrading, jobs are being invented, and a lot more!
Rural communities have been struggling to keep up with developments in digital connectivity.
Poverty and lack of education are also factoring responsible for the lack of advancements in wireless
technology in rural areas. Many problems of the villages can be sorted easily with the full utilization
of this technology and in some places with Internet introduction. Telecommunications can help to
reduce rural isolation, improve access to service and increase business efficiency. The ability to
access the Internet can bring a positive impact on the rural society. Wireless connectivity in rural
areas can also reduce poverty, create jobs, and increase skills and income of the population. Though
many measures, including Digital India and Make in India initiative have been taken by the
Government of India to improve rural tele-density, more work is needed to be done in order to bridge
the rural-urban tele-density gap in India There are about 55,700 villages in India are remained
untouched by the telecom revolution witnessed in the last few years.

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Children, who have missed their online classes due to lack of internet facilities, sit on the
ground in circles drawn with chalk to maintain safe distance as they listen to pre- recorded
lessons over loudspeakers,

Advanced technology use is less prevalent in rural than in urban manufacturing plants,
but plants of comparable size in the same industry use about the same level of technology,
regardless of urban/rural location. The rural gap comes because the mix of rural industries is
more heavily weighted with “low-technology” industries. Both rural and urban businesses rate
inadequate worker skills as the most important barrier to use of new production technologies
and management practices, while lack of knowledge is the chief barrier to use of
telecommunications technology. Rural and urban businesses have similar access to technical
assistance, skilled labor, and capital. Rural manufacturers report more problems with employee
turnover and infrastructure than urban plants, but these are reported as minor problems by most
businesses.

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2.LITERATURE SURVEY:

Implications of ICT and its Tools on rural societies of telecom India- following are
some studies taken from different sources referenced to study implications of ICT
and its Tools:

1. Prasad K. N. (2004)21 in his article entitled as “digital divide in India narrowing the
gap; an appraisal “stated that the Modern ICTs can contribute to resolving the problems
of a rural society of India and the major obstacle which has prevented rural areas from
benefiting fully from the great potential of ICT is the low penetration of
telecommunication services. Author also made observation that the rural community
and individuals need to be empowered by enhancing their capacity to access, select and
use information for development efforts, whether they relate to literacy, food, health
and family welfare, population growth, environment, trade employment, etc.

2. Midda and Mukhopadhyay (2006)15 conducted a study on “Information and

communication technology in e-education”. In this study the authors were discussed the
significance of computer and internet in education. And stated that ICTs provide a new
and innovative way to education, the invention of new technologies such as computer,
the internet and www can be used in education electronically known as e- education
which improving the quality of education and provides lifelong education for all.

3. Asheeta Bhavnani et al. (2008)1conducted a study to examined the role of mobile

telephones in sustainable poverty reduction among the rural poor and concluded that
economic and social benefit of mobile telephony will be highest in rural areas, which
currently have limited or less telephony services. The induction of mobile phones does
have a positive impact on sustainable poverty alleviation. The multiple benefits to the
mobile phone: from reducing negative aspects such as corruption, crime, high prices,
etc. and to increasing positive aspects such as levels of education, efficiency, health.

4. Shukla and Gautam (2008)25 made a study to examine digital divide in rural areas of
Uttar Pradesh. According to the authors, ICTs can play an important role in sustainable
rural development, and by establishing Atul D. Newase et al. / Indian Journal of
Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE) ISSN: 0976-5166 Vol. 8 No. 3 Jun-Jul
2017 236 tele Centre’s in the rural area which facilitate socio-economic empowerment.
The authors also noted that the presence of newer ICTs such as e-mail or the Internet
was less compared to older ICTs like radio, television and landline phone and suggested
that if properly deployment of ICTs in CICs,Panchayat Offices then these offices will
become information hubs or kiosks and it can be interpreted that wider coverage,
enhancement and upgradation of ICT initiatives required, especially for those who
cannot afford it and do not have access to the information that is likely to improve their
health, education, livelihood, and can protect them against vulnerable situations.

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3.EXISTING SYSTEM:

In this fast-moving world, connectivity is the fundamental requirement for

growth. In 27,721 villages of India, there are still no mobile connections due to various
issues. Even as India aims for faster and more reliable communication through 5G
networks, The reasons for not having mobile services in these villages include remote
and tough terrain, areas diversely located with scattered population Odisha trails the
most with 6,549 villages without any mobile network. Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh follow Odisha with 2000-3000 villages without any
mobile network. On the brighter side, Haryana has only one such village with no
network. However, going by the current statistics, in terms of mobile communication,
the inhabitants of nearly 28,000 villages of India are completely cut off from the market
and the world, restricting their growth and prospects.

3.1. ADVANTAGES:

➢ BUSSNESS GROWTH--May Create more Job Opportunities. With the

availability of internet service provider in rural areas, business will see tremendous
growth. The connectivity will enhance and thus, many start-ups and small-scale
businesses.

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➢ AGRICULTURAL ASSITANCE -- An internet service offers farmers an opportunity to

gain an intricate understanding of their own business and also the ways in which they can
improve their yield. It is a prominent initiative to reduce exploitation and offer guidance
in terms of market prices and interaction with direct consumers.
➢ DIGITAL MASTERY AND BANKING-- The motive of government to introduce
digitization in rural areas was to empower individuals. The mastery over digital
advancement is a medium through which e-banking system is access to transparency with
regards to loans and liabilities.
➢ REDUCES DISLOCATION AND MIGRATION-- The cases of dislocation and
migration come mostly from rural localities. If the rural areas are developed and offered
employment via Internet connectivity, global communications and increased income, then
there would be lesser cases of migration and dislocation by natives.
➢ REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION AND NEWS--Through Wi-Fi hot-spots, rural
communities can access national and international news via social media or other digital
platforms. Measures to increase public awareness.
➢ HEALTHCARE IS REVOLUTIONIZED--Through broadband expansion, rural clinics
and hospitals are significantly advantaged. They can connect with large medical facilities
in urban areas.

3.2 DISADVATAGES

➢ Building broadband networks is incredibly expensive and difficult because the

geographies of some rural areas increase installation costs.
➢ Lower level of infrastructure available in rural areas than in urban areas.
➢ Logistically difficult in areas to have harsh weather conditions or uneven terrains to put
the cables in the ground.
➢ There aren’t enough potential customers in rural areas to internet service providers.
➢ Internet service mapping policies by government agencies are unclear and inaccurate.
➢ Rural areas have limited access to telehealth facilities, without a high-quality video link,
this challenge becomes even worse.

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4 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

To improve telecommunication access in rural areas, some of the below strategies

may help.
Based on telecommunications in rural areas the solutions are provided for two
categories:
❖ Areas which don’t even have any telecommunication and
❖ Areas with low-speed internet

4.1 & 4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAMS AND THEIR WORKING PROCEDURES:

❖ AREAS WHICH DON’T EVEN HAVE ANY TELECOMMUNICATIONS:

Block diagram

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Working procedure

Transmitter and receiver antennas are often very similar in design.

A transmitter is a different kind of antenna that does the opposite job to a receiver: it turns
electrical signals into radio waves so they can travel sometimes thousands of kilometers around
the Earth or even into space and back. Antennas and transmitters are the key to virtually all
forms of modern telecommunication. A wireless router is simply a router that connects to your
computer (or computers) using radio waves instead of cables.

➢ Electricity flowing into the transmitter antenna makes electrons vibrate up and down
it, producing radio waves.
➢ The radio waves travel through the air at the speed of light.

➢ When the waves arrive at the receiver antenna, they make electrons vibrate inside it.
This produces an electric current that recreates the original signal.
➢ Routers contains a very low-power radio transmitter and receiver, with a maximum
range of about 90 meters or 300 ft.
The router can send and receive Internet data to any computer in your home that is also equipped
with wireless access.

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❖ AREAS WITH LOW-SPEED INTERNET:

Block Diagram

Working procedure

In this procedure the people can achieve high-speed internet home located in rural areas and
it also works for industries and for other developments. In most such cases internet service
providers do not cover these areas. People need to wait longer time to get the connection.
Initial setup cost is high. These days most part of the world have good mobile internet
coverage especially at outdoors can get better internet speed over indoors. nearest wall socket,
on the other hand advanced router models support power over ethernet in which the ethernet
cable carries power along with data the required Poe adapters are mostly shipped along with
router.

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1. 4G router models:
• KuWFI Outdoor 4G LTE CPE Router(waterproof)
• yacom LTE router(waterproof)
• KOF LTE router (no waterproof)
2.ethernet (separately based on your length)
3.a female power plug mobile charger and power cable are needed

if there’s a Poe supported model the all off these are unnecessary. For unwaterproofed 4G
router just fix an old paint bucket on a pole connected power and ethernet cable to the
route rand safely hang all inside the bucket. The three cables that go inside home, two
cables for power positive and power negative to the nearest wall socket, and the third goes
to the computer room or indoor wi-fi router. Just need to insert the sim connect the cables
it does not require any configuration. Here’s the tested internet speed. Earlier it was not
even getting internet inside home but now it’s more than 10mbp.

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A wireless router connects directly to a modem by a cable. This allows it to receive

information from and transmit information to the internet. The router then creates and
communicates with your home Wi-Fi network using built- in antennas. As a result, all of
the devices on your home network have internet access. A wired router connects directly
to computers through wired connections. They usually have a port that connects to the
modem to communicate with the internet. Another port or ports allows the wired router
to connect to computers and other devices to distribute information.

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5.CONCLUSION

Access to telecom services is the key to development and growth. Unequal access to
communications leading to a huge digital divide between the rich and the poor, urban and the rural
populace only, increases the existing divide. To overcome the disadvantages of the existing system,
our solution is categorized in two ways, the remote areas where there is no telecommunication and
some areas with low-speed internet. Our project overcomes both the disadvantages by implementing
some methods. First one with the help of government or non-government some towers can be fixed,
wired or wireless connection through router from the antenna telecom services can be accessed.
Second one outdoor device power supply n two ways can be implemented by wall socket and power
over Ethernet. By these ways in remote areas telecommunication provides awareness, information
related to agriculture, created employment opportunities, trade, economic growth, and as well as
education. Development is only possible if the updated information is given to the rural people.
Most of the people depends on the agriculture, farmers can gain real-time access such as crop prices
or weather and marketing opportunities through high-speed networks. Especially to the children and
youth these resources help them a lot at lower costs. Finally, the results Focus on The Rural
Business Market, Promote Rural Internet Access for Growth and Enhance Wireless Internet
Service Quality and Coverage.

“Empowered rural people and transformed livelihoods in agriculture by filling

information gaps, raising awareness, building skills and extending social networks”.

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6. BIBILIOGRAPHY

1:https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/problem-of-mobile-
network-in-rural-areas-of-leh-119063000768_1.html
2:https://sites.google.com/site/telecomnewsinindia/importance-of-internet-in-
development
3:https://www.slideshare.net/pradeepdst2011/rural-telecommunication-in-india
4:https://www.slideshare.net/atulkushwaha4/telecommunication-54221727
5:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283192986_Rural_development_i
n_the_digital_age_A_systematic_literature_review_on_unequal_ICT_availa
bility_adoption_and_use_in_rural_areas
6:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228848835_Rural_Telecom_in_In
dia_Marketing_Issues_and_Experiences_from_other_countries
7:https://www.itu.int/itunews/manager/display.asp?lang=en&year=2005&issue
=07&ipage=India Ext=html
8:https://blinqnetworks.com/why-is-rural-internet-so-bad/
9:https://blinqnetworks.com/top-3-challenges-to-provide-internet-for-rural-
areas/
10:https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/your-phone-is-dead-in-nearly-
28000-villages-of-india-these-reasons-to-blame-for-no-mobile-
network/1875037/
11:https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/problem-of-mobile-
network-in-rural-areas-of-leh-119063000768_1.html
12:https://images.app.goo.gl/rtbeyV9zQ28JJqot5
13:https://earthtrifle.com/how-to-get-wifi-in-remote-areas/
14:https://www.kurthelectronic.de/fachwissen/how-do-wi-fi-antennas-work-
and-what-are-they-good-for/?lang=en

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