Cross Culture Psychology

Submitted by:

BS – 3 Replica

Sabahat Aleem roll#1

Submitted to:

Sir Usman Ahmad

INSTITUTE OF APPLAID PSYCHOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
LAHORE
 Cultural Concept of Intelligence
Question:

Discuss the cultural concept of intelligence in Asian, Confucian, Taoist, Hindu and Buddhist,

Western and African?

Asian Intelligence:

 Intelligence has indigenous meanings and concept for a particular group of people

sharing a common culture.

 Different ethnic patterns were created due to migration as well as many similarities are

found. Taiwanese are example of such blending.

 Intelligence is interwoven with religion and behavior.

 Just like language, food, religion and social ways of life may vary from one Asian culture

to another similarly intelligence vary. Differences in perception of intelligence occurs

when one group regard the behavior as intelligent and the other doesn't.

 Idea of intelligence is influenced by tradition.

 Confucian, Buddhist, Taoist and Hindu traditions are reflective of Asian culture.

 It is claimed that Asians are the most intelligent one. Social skills, cognitive skills and

knowledge is seen in intelligent person.

 Multiple intelligence exist within each individual.

 It is expected from an intelligent person that he would maintain his interpersonal

relationships, social attributes and social relationships.

  Asian have life-long learning.

Confucian Intelligence:

 Chinese life for years is effected by religious-philosophical traditions for years. Confucian

philosophy is root of Chinese belief.

 In Confucian tradition an intelligent person spent great time in acquiring knowledge,

building character and enjoying learning throughout his life.

 Intelligent person practices what he learned through self-regulation and self-

cultivating.

 One is perceived intelligent when he is able to maintain his social relationships.

 Scholarly persons, teachers, university professors, court judge are highly-ranked civil

servants and are seen as intelligent.

 After seeing this tradition many East Asian governments have started investing in

education.
Taoist Intelligence:

 Taoist is the mother tradition of East Asia.

 In Taoist a person is known as intelligent who Knows Tao and put it into practice.

 Social skills and maintaining stable relationships are important for a person who is

perceived intelligent.

 Same ideas about man and society is shared by Taoist and Confucian. Taoism view

represent more personal occupation whereas in Confucian, society is formed by

creation of moral and political system.

Hindu and Buddhist Intelligence:

 Buddhist describe intelligence as which is best used for acquiring knowledge gained

through five senses and five motor organs.

  Intelligence in these traditions include behaviors such as determination, mental effort,

comprehensive knowledge, noticing recognizing and decision-making.

 An intelligent person in thought not to be self-centered, or give up any egocentric

thought. He/She should abstain from any negative emotions. Prejudice and

unfavorable temperamental behavior is not seen in him. Culture and tradition are

interwoven in them.

Western Conception of Intelligence:

 Western culture evolved as a result of human adaptation.

 Western society intelligence is adaptive in nature. Its conception of intelligence

includes practical skills, abilities and social relationships are maintained by him.

 A study investigated on lay persons grouped into three characteristics named,

Intelligent, Academic Intelligent and everyday intelligent.

 A person who showed good vocabulary was rated verbal intelligent. Practical

intelligence factor displays awareness to world.

  Speed with completing task is highly valued.

 Cognitive skills, decision-making, abstract thinking, inference, problem-solving and

social skills are characteristics of Western intelligence.

African Conception of Intelligence:

 Africa is a continent with diversity of beliefs, languages, food, religion and organization.

It consist of thousands of ethical groups and different cultures.

 In Western Nigeria, Yoruba's conception of intelligence refers to an ogbon or sensible

behavior. They show practical skills and social behavior in everyday life.

 Serpent found some African communities considered social competence as intelligence.

Practical skills were also included in the concept of intelligence.

 Leo people of East Africa found that notion of intelligence consist of 4 main concepts.

 Rieko: Linked to western idea of academic skills.

 Paru: This means practical thinking.

 Hioro: This represents social attributes such as respect, responsibility and consideration.

 Winjo: For comprehending instruction.

 Super's research told that intelligence varies between children and adult. Children have

good judgment of interpersonal relations, responsibilities, ability to comprehend

complex matters quickly, verbal accuracy and cognitive skills whereas adults are more

wise, clever, unselfish and inventiveness.