When a liquid is boiled, the variation of temperature with the heat supplied is similar to

that found for melting. When heat is supplied at a steady rate to a liquid at atmospheric
pressure, the temperature rises until the boiling point is attained. After this the temperature
remains constant until the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHm) has been supplied. Once all the
liquid has been converted to vapor, the temperature again rises.
The amount of energy required to change one mole of a substance from the liquid
phase to the gas phase at constant temperature and pressure is referred to as the molar
enthalpy of vaporization. Thus, Kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) is the standard unit. Because
vaporization requires energy, the molar enthalpy of vaporization has a positive sign. This
indicates that the system absorbs energy to get the molecules into the gas state.
The mathematical formula used to calculate molar enthalpy of vaporization is:
q = n⋅ΔHvap
In which “q” is the amount of absorbed heat, “n” is the number of moles and “ΔHvap” is
the molar enthalpy change of vaporization. Thus, the Clausius-Clapeyron equation shows a
linear relationship between the natural logarithm of pressure (ln P) and the reciprocal of
temperature (1/T). This means that this equation should be compatible with the straight-line
equation given by:
y=mx+b
ln P = – (∆vapH̅/R) (1/T) + C
As a result, a graph of ln P versus 1/T can be generated, which will theoretically result in
a straight line with a slope equal to –∆vapH /R. The molar enthalpy of vaporization can be
calculated using this slope.