PROBLEM

ON
STEAM NOZZLE
06
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
 PROBLEM 06 :
Steam enters a group of nozzles of a steam turbine at 12 bar and 250°C and leaves at 1.5
bar. The steam turbine develops 220 KW with a specific steam consumption of 13.5
Kg/KW h. If the diameter of nozzles at the throat is 7 mm, calculate the number of
nozzles.
Given Data: @ state 1; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎°𝐂 t
1 2
@ state 2; 𝐏𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐖; SSC = 13.5 Kg/KW h; 𝐃𝐭 = 7 mm

To find:
Number of nozzles ( 𝑵) =?
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 (𝑃) = 220 𝑘𝑊

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑾

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 ṁ𝑻 = 𝑆𝑆𝐶 × 𝑃 SSC = 13.5 Kg/KW h

ṁ𝑻 = 13.5 × 220
𝑘𝑔
ṁ𝑻 = 2970
ℎ
2970 𝒌𝒈
ṁ𝑻 = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟓
3600 𝒔
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐷𝑡 = 7 𝑚𝑚

𝑫𝒕 = 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎
Formula
ṁ𝑻
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁 =
ṁ
𝐴𝑡 × 𝐶𝑡
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 ṁ =
𝜗𝑡

𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑡 = × 𝐷𝑡2
4

𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑡 = 2000 ℎ1 − ℎt

MOLLIER CHART
METHOD
@ state 1; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎°𝐂 Superheated

1
 𝒏
𝑷𝒕 𝟐 𝒏−𝟏
𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟑, 𝒊𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅
𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 =
𝑷𝟏 𝒏+𝟏
𝒏
𝑷𝒕 𝟐 𝒏−𝟏
=
𝑷𝟏 𝟏. 𝟑 + 𝟏

𝑷𝒕
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟔 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫
𝑷𝟏

𝑷𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟔 × 𝑷𝟏

𝑷𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐

𝑷𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓
@ state 1; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎°𝐂 @ state 2; 𝐏𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫

ℎ1 = 2930 𝑘 𝐽Τ𝑘 𝑔
1

ℎt = 2800 𝑘 𝐽Τ𝑘 𝑔
t
𝝑𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒌𝒈
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑡 = 2000 ℎ1 − ℎt

𝐶t = 2000 2930 − 2800 𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝒔𝒖𝒑𝟏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝐶t = 𝟓𝟎𝟗. 𝟎𝟗 𝒎/𝒔 𝒉𝒕 = 𝒉𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒕 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑡 = × 𝐷𝑡2 𝑫𝒕 = 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑡 = × 7 × 10−3 2
4
𝑨𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟐
 𝐴𝑡 × 𝐶𝑡
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ṁ = 𝑨𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟐
𝜗𝑡
3.848 × 10−5 × 509.9 𝑪𝒕 = 𝟓𝟎𝟗. 𝟗 𝒎/𝒔
ṁ =
0.3
ṁ =0.065 kg/s 𝝑𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒎𝟑 /𝒌𝒈

ṁ𝑻
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁 =
ṁ
0.825
𝑁 = = 12.61 ≈ 13
0.065

Answer
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁 ≈ 13
Thank You
 PROBLEM
ON
STEAM NOZZLE
06
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
 PROBLEM 06 :
Steam enters a group of nozzles of a steam turbine at 12 bar and 250°C and leaves at 1.5
bar. The steam turbine develops 220 KW with a specific steam consumption of 13.5
Kg/KW h. If the diameter of nozzles at the throat is 7 mm, calculate the number of
nozzles.
Given Data: @ state 1; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎°𝐂 t
1 2
@ state 2; 𝐏𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝐤𝐖; SSC = 13.5 Kg/KW h; 𝐃𝐭 = 7 mm

To find:
Number of nozzles ( 𝑵) =?
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 (𝑃) = 220 𝑘𝑊

𝑷 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑾

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 ṁ𝑻 = 𝑆𝑆𝐶 × 𝑃 SSC = 13.5 Kg/KW h

ṁ𝑻 = 13.5 × 220
𝑘𝑔
ṁ𝑻 = 2970
ℎ
2970 𝒌𝒈
ṁ𝑻 = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟓
3600 𝒔
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐷𝑡 = 7 𝑚𝑚

𝑫𝒕 = 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎
Formula
ṁ𝑻
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁 =
ṁ
𝐴𝑡 × 𝐶𝑡
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 ṁ =
𝜗𝑡

𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑡 = × 𝐷𝑡2
4

𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑡 = 2000 ℎ1 − ℎt

STEAM TABLES
METHOD
Solution: @ state 1; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎°𝐂

𝑻𝑺𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖°𝑪 𝑻𝑺𝟏 < 𝑻𝟏 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝

@ state 1; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎°𝐂, 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝

𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝒔𝒖𝒑𝟏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟓. 𝟒 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

 @ state 1; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎°𝐂, 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝

𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲 𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

 𝒏
𝑷𝒕 𝟐 𝒏−𝟏
𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟑, 𝒊𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅
𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 =
𝑷𝟏 𝒏+𝟏
𝒏
𝑷𝒕 𝟐 𝒏−𝟏
=
𝑷𝟏 𝟏. 𝟑 + 𝟏
𝑷𝒕
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒6
𝑷𝟏

𝑷𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟔 × 𝑷𝟏

𝑷𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐

𝑷𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓
 @ throat; 𝐏𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫 𝒔𝒕 = 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝒔𝒈𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟏𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝒔𝒈𝒕 < 𝒔𝒕 𝑺𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅

 𝒌𝑱
@ throat; 𝐏𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝒔𝒕 = 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟑𝟏 : 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝
𝒌𝒈𝑲

𝑻𝒕 = 𝑻𝒔𝒖𝒑 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟗𝟖°𝑪

@ throat; 𝐏𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝑻𝒕 = 𝑻𝒔𝒖𝒑 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟗𝟖°𝑪; 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝

𝒉𝒕 = 𝒉𝒔𝒖𝒑 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟒. 𝟕𝟒𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

@ throat; 𝐏𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝑻𝒕 = 𝑻𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒕 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟗𝟖°𝑪; 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝

𝝑𝒕 = 𝝑𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟗 𝒎𝟑 Τ𝒌 𝒈
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑡 = 2000 ℎ1 − ℎt

𝐶t = 2000 2935.4 − 2804.74 𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝒔𝒖𝒑𝟏 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟓. 𝟒 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝐶t = 𝟓𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟗 𝒎/𝒔 𝒉𝒕 = 𝒉𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒕 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟒. 𝟕𝟒 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑡 = × 𝐷𝑡2 𝑫𝒕 = 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑡 = × 7 × 10−3 2
4
𝑨𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟐
 𝐴𝑡 × 𝐶𝑡
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ṁ = 𝑨𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟐
𝜗𝑡
3.848 × 10−5 × 511.19 𝑪𝒕 = 𝟓𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟗 𝒎/𝒔
ṁ =
0.306659
ṁ =0.0641 kg/s 𝝑𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒌𝒈

ṁ𝑻
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁 =
ṁ
0.825
𝑁 = = 12.86 ≈ 13
0.0641

Answer
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁 ≈ 13
Thank You
 PROBLEM
ON
STEAM NOZZLE
07
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
 PROBLEM 07:
Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar and is discharged at a
pressure of 2 bar. If the dryness fraction of discharge steam is 0.96, what will be the final
velocity of steam? Neglect initial velocity of steam. If 10% of heat drop is lost in friction,
find the percentage reduction in the final velocity. 1 2
Given Data:
@ state 1; Dry saturated; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫 𝑪𝟏 = 𝟎

@ state 2; 𝐏𝟐 = 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔
ɳ𝑵𝑶𝒁𝒁𝑳𝑬 = 𝟗𝟎%
To find:
Velocity of steam leaving the nozzle ( 𝐂𝟐 ) =?
Percentage reduction in the final velocity = ?
 Formula

𝐂𝟐 − 𝐂𝟐′
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐂𝟐
if the friction is neglected

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒛𝒛𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐

if the heat drop is lost in friction

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒛𝒛𝒍𝒆 𝒄′𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 × 𝜼𝑵𝒐𝒛𝒛𝒍𝒆

MOLLIER CHART
METHOD
@ state 1; Dry saturated; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫
@ state 2; 𝐏𝟐 = 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐱 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔

ℎ1 = 2790 𝑘 𝐽Τ𝑘 𝑔
1
ℎ2 = 2615 𝑘 𝐽Τ𝑘 𝑔 2
if the friction is neglected

Velocity of Steam leaving the Nozzle

𝒉𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟎 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟓 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈
𝐶2 = 2000(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )

𝐶2 = 2000(2790 − 2615 )

𝐶2 = 591.6 𝑚Τ𝑠
Answer

Velocity of Steam leaving the Nozzle 𝐶2 = 591.6 𝑚/𝑠

if 10% of the heat drop is lost in friction ɳ𝑵𝑶𝒁𝒁𝑳𝑬 = 𝟗𝟎%

Velocity of Steam leaving the Nozzle C2 ′ = 2000 h1 − h2 ɳ𝑁𝑂𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐸

𝒉𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟎 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈
𝐶2 ′ = 2000(2790 − 2615 ) × 0.90
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟓 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝐶2 ′ = 561.24 𝑚Τ𝑠
 C2 − C2′
Percentage reduction in velocity = × 100
C2
591.6 − 561.24 𝐶2 = 591.6 𝑚Τ𝑠
% reduction in velocity = × 100
591.6
𝐶2 ′ = 561.24 𝑚Τ𝑠
% reduction in velocity = 5.13%

Answer

Percentage reduction in velocity = 5.13%

Thank You
 PROBLEM
ON
STEAM NOZZLE
07
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
 PROBLEM 07:
Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar and is discharged at a
pressure of 2 bar. If the dryness fraction of discharge steam is 0.96, what will be the final
velocity of steam? Neglect initial velocity of steam. If 10% of heat drop is lost in friction,
find the percentage reduction in the final velocity. 1 2
Given Data:
@ state 1; Dry saturated; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫 𝑪𝟏 = 𝟎

@ state 2; 𝐏𝟐 = 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔
ɳ𝑵𝑶𝒁𝒁𝑳𝑬 = 𝟗𝟎%
To find:
Velocity of steam leaving the nozzle ( 𝐂𝟐 ) =?
Percentage reduction in the final velocity = ?
 Formula

𝐂𝟐 − 𝐂𝟐′
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐂𝟐
if the friction is neglected

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒛𝒛𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐

if the heat drop is lost in friction

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒛𝒛𝒍𝒆 𝒄′𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 × 𝜼𝑵𝒐𝒛𝒛𝒍𝒆

STEAM TABLES
METHOD
Solution: @ state 1; Dry saturated; 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓 𝐛𝐚𝐫

𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝒈𝟏 𝒉𝟏 = 𝒉𝒈𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟗. 𝟗 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

@ state 2; 𝐏𝟐 = 𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫; 𝐱 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔: wet
h= ℎ𝑓 + x . ℎ𝑓𝑔 ℎ2 = ℎ𝑓2 + 𝑥2 . ℎ𝑓𝑔2

𝒉𝒇𝟐 = 504.7 kJ/kg 𝒉𝐟𝐠𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟏. 𝟔 kJ/kg

𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈
ℎ2 = ℎ𝑓2 + 𝑥2 . ℎ𝑓𝑔2 ℎ2 = 504.7 + 0.96 × 2201.6
if the friction is neglected

Velocity of Steam leaving the Nozzle

𝒉𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟗. 𝟗 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈
𝐶2 = 2000(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )

𝐶2 = 2000(2789.9 − 2618.2 )

𝐶2 = 585.9 𝑚Τ𝑠
Answer

Velocity of Steam leaving the Nozzle 𝐶2 = 585.9 𝑚/𝑠

if 10% of the heat drop is lost in friction ɳ𝑵𝑶𝒁𝒁𝑳𝑬 = 𝟗𝟎%

Velocity of Steam leaving the Nozzle C2 ′ = 2000 h1 − h2 ɳ𝑁𝑂𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐸

𝒉𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟗. 𝟗 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈
𝐶2 ′ = 2000(2789.9 − 2618.2 ) × 0.90
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟖. 𝟐 𝒌 𝑱Τ𝒌 𝒈

𝐶2 ′ = 555.9 𝑚Τ𝑠
 C2 − C2′
Percentage reduction in velocity = × 100
C2
585.9 − 555.9 𝐶2 = 585.9 𝑚Τ𝑠
% reduction in velocity = × 100
585.9
𝐶2 ′ = 555.9 𝑚Τ𝑠
% reduction in velocity = 5.12%

Answer

Percentage reduction in velocity = 5.12%

Thank You