LOEFFLER BOILER

BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
 LOEFFLER BOILER
❖ Loeffler Boiler is the improved version of the Lamont

Boiler.

❖ In La Mont boiler, a major problem was experienced

which is the salt and sediment deposition in the

inner surface of the water tube through which water

the flows.

❖ This deposition of salt and sediment decreases the

heat transfer in the inner surface area of the water

tube.
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❖ La Mont boilers also have overheating problems due

to the salt deposits.

❖ For these problems of La Mont boilers have been

solved with the Loeffler boiler by preventing the

flow of water in the tubes.

 LOEFFLER BOILER
❖ The Loeffler boiler is an internally fired furnace with

forced circulation, high pressure and water tube

boiler.

❖ In Loeffler boiler, 75% of superheated steam is used

to evaporate the water within the evaporator drum

and the remaining 25% of the steam from the

superheater is utilized by the turbine.

❖ Steam circulating pump is employed to circulate

steam inside the boiler.

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Working Principle:
❖ Its main working principle is to evaporate the feed

water by means of superheated steam from the

superheater.

❖ The hot gases from the furnace are used for

superheating.

❖ The total produced superheat steam is used in two

ways. About 75% is used to evaporate the water and 25%

is used to drive the prime mover of the turbine.

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Economiser:
❖ Economizer is used to heating the water before it

is entering into the drum.

❖ The process of preheating water increases the

overall efficiency of the boiler.

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Evaporating Drum:
❖ The evaporating drum is placed at the bottom of

the boiler. It has a mixing nozzle.

❖ In this, the feed water is transformed into

saturated steam with the help of superheated steam

in the superheater.
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Steam Circulating Pump:
❖ Steam circulating pump is also known as

centrifugal pump.

❖ It exists between evaporating drums and radiant

superheaters. It transmits steam in the boiler.

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Radiant Superheater:
❖ In radiant superheater, It superheats steam by the

method of radiation generated by the burnt fuel in the

boiler.
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Convection Superheater:
❖ In the convection superheater, it superheats steam

by the method of convection to the desired

temperature of about 500° C.

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Mixing Nozzle:
❖ It is located inside the evaporated drum.

❖ It mixes the steam and feed water from the

superheater and evaporates them.

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Drain:
❖ A drain is provided to the evaporating drum where

the mixing of the superheated and water takes place.

❖ It is open when the salts and sediments are settled

in the drum.

❖ It is also used to release the water when cleaning is

required.
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Safety Valve:
❖ A safety valve is provided to release excess steam

present in the vessel.

❖ When the pressure of steam exceeds its prescribed

limit, the safety valve automatically opens and the

excess steam rush out to the atmosphere and the

valve automatically closes when the pressure reaches

the normal value.

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Working:
❖ The feed water from the economiser tubes is

forced to mix with the superheated steam in the

evaporating drum.

❖ In the evaporator drums, nozzles are provided.

❖ The two-thirds (70%) of superheated steam from

the superheater enters into the drum nozzles.

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Working:
❖ This converts the feed water into the saturated

steam.

❖ The saturated steam, thus formed, is drawn from

the evaporating drum by a steam circulating pump.

❖ This allows the saturated steam to pass through

the radiant superheaters.

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Working:
❖ In radiant superheater, It superheats steam by the

method of radiation produced by the burnt fuel in the

boiler.

❖ Heat transfer to water occurs through the

radiation produced.

❖ After the radiant superheater, steam is routed to

the convection superheater.

 LOEFFLER BOILER
Working:
❖ In radiant superheater, It superheats steam by the

method of radiation produced by the burnt fuel in the

boiler.

❖ Convection superheater is located in the path of

hot exhaust gases.

❖ In the convection superheater, it superheats steam

by the method of convection to the desired

temperature of about 500° C

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Working:
❖ This steam then passes through the tubes of the
combustion chamber walls and then enters the
superheater.
❖ From the superheater, about one-third (30%) of
the superheated steam passes to the turbine and the
remaining two-thirds (70%) is used to evaporate the
feed water in the evaporating drum.
❖ The Loeffler boiler has the capability to generate
100 tons/hour of steam at a temperature of 500° C
and a pressure of 140 bar.
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Advantages:
❖ Able to carry high salt concentration for the steam

generation.

❖ The problem of sedimentation and scale

deposition in boiler tubes is fully eliminated.

❖ This boiler is compact in design.

❖ The high flow of steam on the tubes.

❖ The operation of the boiler is clean and salient.

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Disadvantages:
❖ The bubble formation decreases the heat transfer

rate.

❖ The evaporating drum is used which improves the

overall cost and also makes it heavier.

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Applications :
❖ It can be used for power generation.

❖ Other industries like textile, Medical and so on

Thank You