To watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=oFXLGeDXUnY

I. Introduction:
Guess ...
• The most complicated mechanism ever constructed......
• It is composed of 75 % water .......
• It consists of 100 billion of cells .....
• Home for our soul .....

II. Find out the meanings of the word body (pl. bodies):
1. (Anatomy) the entire physical structure of an animal or human being.
2. the flesh, as opposed to the spirit: while we are still in the body.
3. (Anatomy) the trunk or torso, not including the limbs, head, or tail.
4. a dead human or animal; corpse.
5. the largest or main part of anything: the body of a vehicle; the body of a plant.
6. the main part; majority: the body of public opinion.
7. a number of individuals regarded as a single entity; group: the student body.
8. (General Physics) an object or substance that has three dimensions, a mass, and is distinguishable
from surrounding objects.
9. an informal or dialect word for a person
vb (tr), bodies, bodying or bodied
10. to give a body or shape to smth.

1. Define what word the following groups of synonyms are related to:
……………….
a. organic structure b. torso c. form d. organization
physical structure trunk figure group
middle build society
chest shape association
frame band
institution
2. Idioms:
1. body and soul - if you do something or believe something body and soul, you do it or believe it
completely.
ex. She dedicated herself to her research, body and soul.
2. keep body and soul together - to manage to keep existing, especially when one has very little
money.
ex. We hardly had enough to keep body and soul together. I don't earn enough money to keep body and
soul together

3. Read the text: The Human Body

The human body is composed of 3 distinct parts: the head, the trunk and the extremities. The
head consists of the cranial cavity containing the brain and facial part composed of ears, the forehead,
the eyes with eyelids and eyelashes, the eyebrows, the nose, the cheeks, two jaws- the upper and
lower jaw, the mouth with two lips and the chin. The neck connects the head with the trunk. The trunk
is divided by the diaphragm (a dome-shaped structure) into two parts: the upper called the thoracic
cavity (thorax or chest) and the lower termed the abdominal cavity
(abdomen or belly). The thorax contains (accommodates) the lungs, the
heart, the esophagus and the structures of the mediastinum. Below the
diaphragm, in the abdominal cavity there is the stomach with the pancreas,
the liver with the gall bladder, the intestines or bowels, the kidneys and the
bladder. The upper or lower extremities (limbs) are connected to the trunk
by girdles, the shoulder blade and the pelvis with the coxo-femoral joint
(hip joint). The other joints of the lower limb are the knee and the ankle
that connect the thigh with the leg and the leg with the foot. There are toes
on each foot. The upper extremity has also two joints: the elbow and the wrist. The parts of the upper
limb are: the upper arm, the forearm and the hand. The hand has a thumb and 4 fingers, not to forget
the nails.
The osseous structure of the human body (the skeleton) is formed by a solid framework of
bones held together by joints and cartilages and covered by muscles. The skeleton can be divided into
the axial skeleton including the skull, the vertebral column and the thoracic cage, and the
appendicular skeleton including the peripheral bones of the limbs. All the bones can be classified
according to their shape, size, function, position and structure. Long bones are found in the limbs (e.g.
the humerus or the tibia). The short bones are the carpal, the tarsal or the sesamoid bones. The bones
of the fingers or toes are called “miniature” long bones. The flat bones are the ribs, the scapula, the
sternum or the breastbone and the skull bones which are 26 in number. Another category of bones are
the vertebral that form the vertebral column (spine or backbone) that comprises several parts: the
cervical spine, the thoracic spine, the lumbar spine, the sacrum and the coccyx. The number and shape
of the vertebrae forming various portions of the spine are different but the largest are the lumber
ones because they have to bear the compression made by the body weight. Bones also differ according
to the substance forming them, that can be compact (ivory or dense) and cancellous (spongy). The
outer layer of the long bone (the cortex) consists of compact substance and the inner medullar cavity
is filled with bone marrow.
1. Fill in the two rubrics with the anatomical terms used in the text:
External organs Internal (inner, visceral) organs
…………………………………………………………….. …………………………………..…………………………………
……………………………..……………………………… ……………………………………………………………………….
…………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………
2. Find in the text the synonyms of the following words:
stomach- ………………………………………………………………………..............................................................
trunk- …………………………………………………………………………….............................................................
intestine- ……………………………………………………………………….............................................................
limb- ………………………………………………………………………………............................................................
vertebral column- ………………………………………………………….............................................................

3. Match the following words with their definitions:

1. Cavity a. the hollow muscular organ whose contractions propel
the blood through the circulatory system.
2. Heart b. a large glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrate.
animals that is essential to many metabolic processes.
3. Mediastinum c. a membranous sac attached by ducts to the liver, in
which bile is stored and concentrated.
4. Liver d. the part of the thoracic cavity that lies between the
lungs, containing the heart, trachea, etc.
5. Gall bladder e. a hollow area within the body.

4. Find in the text the family of words for the word eye:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Jokes in English 

Find funny answers to the following question:
1. Q: What has two heads, four eyes, six legs and a tail? 
2. Q: What has two hands and a face, but no arms and legs? 
3. Q: What has a neck, but no head? 
4. Q: Why didn't the skeleton go to the dance? 
5. Q: What's got a head and a tail, but no body? 

A: A coin. B: A horse and its rider. C: A bottle. D: A clock. E: He didn't have anybody to take. (any
BODY) 
Text B: Organization of The Human Body
Read the text and focus on the new vocabulary:
Human body is the physical substance of the human organism, composed of living cells and
extracellular materials and organized into tissues, organs, and systems.
The cell is the basic living unit of the human body. The human body consists of more than 75 trillion
cells, each capable of growth, metabolism, response to stimuli and reproduction. Although there are
some 200 different types of cells in the body, these can be grouped into four basic classes. These four
basic cell types, together with their extracellular materials, form the fundamental tissues of the human
body: (1) epithelial tissues, which cover the body’s surface and line the internal organs, body cavities,
and passageways; (2) muscle tissues, which are capable of contraction and form the body’s
musculature; (3) nerve tissues, which conduct electrical impulses and make up the nervous system;
and (4) connective tissues, which bind together various body structures. (Bone and blood are
considered connective tissues).
The next level of organization in the body is that of the organ. An organ is a group of tissues that
constitutes a distinct structural and functional unit. Thus, the heart is an organ composed of all four
tissues, whose function is to pump blood throughout the body. Of course, the heart does not function
in isolation; it is part of a system composed of blood and blood vessels as well. The highest level of
body organization, then, is that of the organ system.
The body includes nine major organ systems, each composed of various organs and tissues that
work together as a functional unit. The chief constituents and prime functions of each system are
summarized below. (1) The integumentary system, composed of the skin and associated structures,
protects the body from invasion by harmful microorganisms and chemicals; it also prevents water
loss from the body. (2) The musculoskeletal system composed of the skeletal muscles and bones,
moves the body and protectively houses its internal organs. (3) The respiratory system, composed of
the breathing passages, lungs, and muscles of respiration, obtains from the air the oxygen necessary
for cellular metabolism; it also returns to the air the carbon dioxide that forms as a waste product of
such metabolism. (4) The circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels,
circulates a transport fluid throughout the body, providing the cells with a steady supply of oxygen
and nutrients and carrying away such waste product as carbon dioxide. (5) The digestive system,
composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, breaks down food into nutrients, which
are then absorbed from the blood or lymph. (6) The excretory system composed of the kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, removes toxic nitrogen compounds and other wastes from the
blood. (7) The nervous system, composed of the sensory organs, brain, spinal cord, and nerves,
transmits, integrates, and analyzes sensory information and carries impulses to effect the appropriate
muscular or glandular responses. (8) The endocrine system, composed of the hormone-secreting
glands and tissues, provides a chemical communications network for coordinating various body
processes. (9) The reproductive system, composed of the male or female sex organs, enables
reproduction and thereby ensures the continuation of the species
1. Comprehension check. Answer the following questions:
a. What is the role of the cell in the organization of the human body?
b. What is the function of the muscular tissue in the human body?
c. Give the explanation of the phrase “organ system”.
d. What are the component parts of the respiratory system?
e. What body system moves the body and protectively houses its internal organs?

2. Fill in the gaps with the suitable words: protects, coordinating, breaks down, form.
1. The digestive system, composed of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, ................. food
into nutrients.
2. These four basic cell types, together with their extracellular materials, ....................... the fundamental
tissues of the human body.
3. The endocrine system provides a chemical communications network for ........................ various body
processes.
4. The skin .................... the body from invasion by harmful microorganisms and chemicals.

3. Comment on the following quotations:

The human body is the best picture of the human soul
A Healthy Mind In a Healthy Body
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Annex 1
Video: Human Body 101 (national geographic)
I. Watch attentively the video document. Focus on the main idea.
II. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the video document about?
2. How many cells is the body composed of?
3. What are individual cells organized into?
4. What is an organ composed of ?
5. What is a system?
III. Choose the right answer.
1. The human body is compared with...
a. a building
b. a machine
c. a computer
2. The human stomach is compared with...
a. a windmill
b. a storage room
c. a blender
3. The heart works .....
a. irregularly
b. automatically
c. voluntarily
4. The wrinkled bulb of the brain and the most complex one is about the size of ......
a. an apple
b. a grapefruit
c. a nut
5. Neurons send ................. to the brain.
a. messages
b. demands
c. signals
IV. Fill in the table with the appropriate information from the video.
Body organs Human body systems Functions of the body systems
Heart 1. Cardiovascular Circulation
system
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

VI. Give another title to the video.

  Human Body Word Search
C D P X U H F O Y T E O O B P U Arm
S A O F U R A E G E N H Q Z V F Brain
B H M O P K N I J E I G J E A J Finger
Z T O E L D S V R T P Z P F C F
Kidney
W Z F U I B R I B H S Y Y H C E
I A M K L E D L J Q Q I E S H E Lung
W L P Z L D Z M E Y E N P E Z T Rib
D P R C M T E X V H O S A A W L Blood
A Y S G M R X R U B S R R T U K Spine
R U S K E L E T O N T M J K L N Eye
M E E L U N G S V F I N G E R I Hair
D C V E L E S O N X K W L B T A
Knee
W W Y I N X F M H N R J Z T I R
T I J J L K D V A M X Q S F O B Muscle
Shoulder
Bone
ARM HAND LEG FOOT TORSO HEAD Feet
abdomen + Heart
Achilles Liver
tendon
Nose
ankle
calf Skeleton
chest Teeth
chin
ear
elbow
eye
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
finger
forearm
gum
hip
knee
knuckle
lip
nail
navel
neck
nose
palm
rib
scalp
shoulder
sole
temple
thigh
thumb
toe
tongue
tooth
wrist