HW#7 ME 367

Conceptual Questions:
(1) What is the trade-off between spur and helical gears?
Spur gears are cheaper and easier to manufacture, however, helical gears are quiet as the engagement is
gradual. Also, higher loads at higher speeds can be carried with helical gears.
(2) Name the gear types that can be used for transmitting motion between non parallel shafts.

Bevel gears, worm and gear set

(3) What is the only type of gear set that does not create any thrust load?
Herringbone and spur gear

(4) What is an idler gear? Describe its purpose.

It is referred to a gear that is driven by one gear and is driving another gear. The number of teeth of this gear
has no effect in torque and speed calculations. Idle gear is used as a spacer between the input and output shaft.
The use of idle gear also makes the input and output shaft rotate in the same direction.

(5) What is the main application of a rack and pinion set?

Change rotational motion to axial motion

(6) In gear tooth design, why the dedendum is higher than the addendum?
For clearance between the two gears in mesh

(7) If the bevel pinion is driver, identify the direction of radial, axial and tangential components of force
on the pinion and gear.

Forces on the pinion:

𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟 ∶ +𝑌𝑌, 𝐹𝐹𝑎𝑎 ∶ +𝑋𝑋, 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = −𝑍𝑍
Forces on the gear:
𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟 ∶ −𝑋𝑋, 𝐹𝐹𝑎𝑎 ∶ −𝑌𝑌, 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = +𝑍𝑍
 tan φ tan 20
Problem 13-46 =φt tan
= −1 n −1
tan= 22.80
cosψ

cos 30
Pinion (Gear 2)

=W r W=
t
tan φt 800 tan=
22.80 336 lbf

=W a W=
t
tanψ 800=
tan 30 462 lbf

W=
−336i − 462 j − 800k lbf Ans.
1/2
W = ( −336 ) + ( −462 ) + ( −800 ) 
2 2 2
= 983 lbf Ans.
 

Idler (Gear 3)

From the diagram for the idler, noting that the radial and axial forces from gears 2 and 4 cancel each other, the
force acting on the shaft is

W = +1600k lbf Ans.

Output gear (Gear 4)

W = 336i − 462 j − 800k lbf Ans.

1/2
W = ( −336 ) + ( −462 ) + ( −800 ) 
2 2 2
= 983 lbf Ans.
 

NOTE: For simplicity, the above figures only show the gear contact forces.

Also, notice that the idler shaft reaction contains a couple tending to turn the shaft end-over-end. Also the idler
teeth are bent both ways. Idlers are more severely loaded than other gears, belying their name. Thus, be
cautious.
Problem 13-48

=Pt 6=
cos 30 5.196 teeth/in

42
=d3 = 8.083 in
5.196

φt = 22.8

16
=
d2 = 3.079 in
5.196

63025 ( 25 )
=T2 = 916 lbf ⋅ in
1720

T 916
W=
t
= = 595 lbf
r 3.079 / 2

= =
W a 595 tan 30 344 lbf

= =
W r 595 tan 22.8 250 lbf

 W = 344i + 250 j + 595k lbf

R DC= 6i, R DG= 3i − 4.04 j

ΣM D = R DC × FC + R DG × W + T= 0 (1)

R DG × W =
−2404i − 1785 j + 2140k

R DC × FC =
−6 FCz j + 6 FCy k

Substituting and solving Eq. (1) gives

=T 2404i lbf ⋅ in

FCz = −297.5 lbf

FCy = −365.7 lbf

ΣF = FD + FC + W = 0
 Substituting and solving gives

FCx = −344 lbf

FDy = 106.7 lbf

FDz = −297.5 lbf

FC =
−344i − 356.7 j − 297.5k lbf Ans.

=
FD 106.7 j − 297.5k lbf Ans.

Problem 13-49
Since the transverse pressure angle is specified, we will assume the given module is also in terms of the transverse
orientation.

= =
d 2 mN 2 4 (=
16 ) 64 mm

= =
d3 mN 3 4 (=
36 ) 144 mm

= =
d 4 mN 4 4 (=
28 ) 112 mm

H 6 kW  1000 W   rev   60 s 
=
T =    = 35.81 N ⋅ m
ω 1600 rev/min  kW   2π rad   min 

T 35.81
=
Wt = = 1119 N
d 2 / 2 0.064 / 2

=W r W=
t
tan φt 1119=
tan 20 407.3 N

=W a W=
t
tanψ 1119=
tan15 299.8 N

F2 a =
−1119i − 407.3 j − 299.8k N Ans.

F3b = (1119 − 407.3) i − (1119 − 407.3) j

= 711.7i − 711.7 j N Ans.

F4 c = 407.3i + 1119 j + 299.8k N Ans.