Department of pharmacy

Assignment On:
Vitamin B1 & B2

Course Code: BPH-424

Course Title: Nutraceuticals, Dietary Supplements and Herbal Products

Submitted By
Sajib Chandra Biswas
ID:191-29-1476
Batch: 21(A)
Department of pharmacy
Daffodil International University
Submitted To
Md. Anamul haque
Assistant Professor
Department of pharmacy
Faculty of Allide Health Science
Daffodil International University

Date of submission: 13.06.2021

No. Content Page No.

01 Introduction 01

02 Dye-ligand chromatography protocol 01

03 Purification of the dye 01

04 Immobilizing the dye onto the chromatography matrix 02

05 Running the chromatogram 02

06 Types of Reactive dyes 02

07 Blue reactive dyes 03

08 Red reactive dyes 03-04

09 Yellow reactive dyes 04

10 Brown reactive dyes 04-05

11 Dye immobilization 05-06

12 How do these dyes bind to proteins 06-07

13 Advantages and disadvantage of synthetic dyes 07

14 Reference 08
Introduction:
What is vitamin and Its classification:

An organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient which an organism needs in small

quantities for the proper functioning of metabolism It's called vitamin.

Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. In humans there are 13 vitamins:

4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble: 8 B vitamins- B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin),

B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid or folate), B12
(cobalamins) and vitamin C. [1]

Picture courtesy: https://m.timesofindia.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/vitamin-deficiencies-

and-the-dos-and-donts-of-vitamin-consumption/amp_articleshow/70990864.cms

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine):

Vitamin B1 or thiamin /thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in some foods, added
to foods and sold as a supplement. Thiamine plays a vital role in the growth and function of
various cells. Only small amounts are stored in the liver, so a daily intake of thiamine-rich foods
is needed. Thiamine is involved in many body functions including the nervous system, heart and
muscles. It is also important in the flow of electrolytes in and out of nerve and muscle cells,
enzymatic processes and carbohydrate metabolism. [2]

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 Picture courtesy: https://www.drrobertmelillo.com/nutrition-brain-thiamine-vitamin-b1/

Sources of vitamin B1:

There are many natural ways to add thiamine-rich foods to an everyday diet. Food sources of
thiamine include beef, liver, dried milk, nuts, oats, oranges, pork, eggs, seeds, legumes, peas and
yeast. Foods are also fortified with thiamine. Some foods that are often fortified with B1 are rice,
pasta, breads, cereals and flour. [3]

Picture courtesy: https://www.myfooddata.com/articles/thiamin-b1-foods.php

Functions of vitamin B1:

It is a Co-factor for carbohydrates metabolism (Kreb's Cycle). This role enables conversion of
blood sugar (glucose) into biological energy. This is important for:

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  Provide energy to the brain.
 2.Improve transmission of Nerve impulses through the nerves by providing them with
energy.
 3.Proper function of the heart muscle.
 4.Healthy mucus membrane.
 5.Maintenance of smooth and skeletal muscles.
 6.Formation of RBC’s. [4]

Picture courtesy: https://www.eufic.org/en/vitamins-and-minerals/article/thiamin-vitamin-b1-foods-

functions-how-much-do-you-need-more

Vitamin B1: Thiamine deficiency symptoms:

 1.Loss of appetite.
 2.Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome-causes brain abnormalities.
 3.Indigestion or constipation due to improper muscle tone in the GI tract.
 4.Muscle tenderness.
 5.Numbness in the arms and legs due to improper nerve function.
 6.Beriberi-chronic neurological and cardiovascular disease. [5]

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 Picture courtesy: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/hand-drawn-vitamin-b1-thiamine-benefits-
1464222020

Medicine of vitamin B1(Thiamine):

Brand name: Vitamin B1.

Generic name: Thiamine Hydrochloride.

Drug type: Injection and Tablet.

Strength: 25 mg/ml and 100 mg.

Company name: Chemist Laboratories Ltd and Albion Laboratories Ltd.

Mode of action:

Thiamine, a water soluble vitamin, combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate, an
essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism.

Indications:

Beriberi, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, Neuritis associated with pregnancy and pellagra.

Interaction:

May enhance the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents. [6]

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 Picture courtesy: https://www.google.com/

Benefits of Vitamin B1:

1.Boosts energy production:

 When sugar mixes with vitamin B1, it becomes energy for body to use.

2.Reduces the effects of sepsis:

 Sepsis, a severe response to an infection, can become fatal if vitamin B1 levels are low. It
can also lower the risk of kidney failure that often results from the infection.

3.Helps fight depression:

 Taking vitamin B1 supplements along with an antidepressant is good for depression.

4.Prevents kidney and circulation problems:

 A dose of vitamins B1 can help improve nerve pain in people with diabetes and may
reduce the need for painkillers.

5.Minimizes the risk of heart disease:

 Lack of vitamin B1 is one reason for uneven cardiac function.

6.Improves memory:

 Getting enough thiamine can help improve concentration and memory. It is also known
as "Morale Vitamin”. [7]

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 Picture courtesy: https://www.verywellfit.com/b-complex-vitamins-89411

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin):

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin which vitamin found in food. It’s dietary supplement and
used in food fortification programs in countries where deficiency is common. As a dietary
supplement it is used to prevent and treat riboflavin deficiency. At amounts far in excess of what
is needed to meet dietary needs as a nutrient. [8]

Picture courtesy: https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-vitamin-b2-nutrition-infographic-with-healthcare-

and-food-icons-diet-121650913.html

Sources of vitamin B2:

Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. Riboflavin occurs naturally in

some foods, added to others and it can be taken as supplements. Sources of B2 include -Fish,

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meat, and poultry, such as turkey, chicken, beef, kidneys, and liver, eggs, dairy products,
asparagus, artichokes, avocados, whole-grain breads, enriched breads, wheat bran and yeast
extract etc. [9]

Picture courtesy: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/vitamin-b2-gm901772962-248775216

Functions of vitamin B2:

 1.Works with protein for maintenance.

 2.Riboflavin is required for the proper development of the skin.
 3.It is important for body growth.
 4.It helps in red blood cell production.
 5.Converted into enzymes essential for tissue respiration.
 6.Required to activate vitamin B6 (pyridoxine).
 7.Converts tryptophan into niacin.
 8.Maintains erythrocyte integy [10].

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 Picture courtesy: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/vitamin-b2-vector-design-function-sources-
1296550750

Vitamin B2:

Riboflavin deficiency symptoms:

 1.Painful cracks in the corners of the mouth and on the lips, scaly patches on the head,
and a magenta mouth and tongue.
 2.Chronic disorders (such as recurrent diarrhoea, liver disorders and chronic alcoholism)
 3.Impaired absorption of food (malabsorption disorders)
 4.Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis—procedures that filter the blood.
 5.Use of barbiturates for a long time.
 6.Edema of the mouth and throat, angular stomatitis.
 7.Hair loss, reproductive problems and sore throat.
 8.Skin disorders and hyperaemia (excess blood). [11]

Picture courtesy: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/hand-drawn-vitamin-b2-riboflavin-

deficiency-1465504634

Medicine of vitamin B2 (Riboflavin):

Brand name: Riboflavin.

Generic name: Riboflavin.

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Drug type: Tablet.

Strength: 5 mg.

Company name: Bristol Pharmaceutical Ltd.

Mode of action:

The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is principally derived from its role as a precursor of FAD
and the role of this cofactor in the production of the antioxidant reduced glutathione.

Indications:

To prevent and to treat deficiencies of vitamin B2 such as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis,
keratitis, seborrheic dermatitis.

Interaction:

Drying medications (Anticholinergic drugs) Medications for depression (Tricyclic

antidepressants), Phenobarbital, Probenecid. [12]

Picture courtesy: http://askonhealthcare.com/riboflavin/

Benefits of vitamin B2:

1.Boosts Energy:

 Riboflavin plays a major role in the production of energy by assisting in the metabolism
of fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

2.Increases Blood Circulation:

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  Vitamin B2 is essential for the formation of fresh red blood cells and antibodies in
humans.

3.Promotes Growth & Development:

 Riboflavin is very important for ensuring proper growth and development of the
reproductive organs.

4.Regulates Thyroid Activity:

 Vitamin B2 can regulate thyroid activity.

5. Skin Care:

 Riboflavin helps to improve the mucus secretion of the skin.

6.Protects the Nervous System:

 Vitamin B2 may help in providing relief from symptoms of various nervous system
conditions such as numbness and anxiety among others.

7.Essential for Normal Growth:

 Riboflavin is associated with the formulation of proteins.

8.Boosts Immune System:

 Riboflavin also helps to enhance natural immunity by strengthening the antibody

reserves. [13]

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 Picture courtesy: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/hand-drawn-vitamin-b2-riboflavin-benefits-
1465506278

Conclusion:

B1 and B2 vitamins plays a vital role in maintaining good health and well-being. As the building
blocks of a healthy body, B vitamins have a direct impact on energy levels, brain function and
cell metabolism.Lack of vitamins causes various diseases in our body. So to protect against
vitamin deficiency diseases and moderate vitamin-rich foods should be eaten regularly.[14]

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Reference:

1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin
2. https://www.livescience.com/51721-vitamin-b1-thiamine.html
3. https://www.livescience.com/51721-vitamin-b1-thiamine.html
4. https://slideplayer.com/amp/3398834/
5. https://daneelyunus.com/2021/03/22/deficiency-of-vitamin-b1-thiamine/amp/
6. https://pharmalinebd.com/product/medicine/vitamin-b1-25mg-ml-thiamine-
hydrochloride-injection/
7. https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/health-benefits-of-vitamin-b-1
8. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin
9. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219561#deficiency
10. https://www.slideserve.com/suchin/vitamins-deficiencies-toxicities-powerpoint-ppt-
presentation
11. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/vitamins/riboflavin-
deficiency
12. https://medex.com.bd/brands/24231/riboflavin-5mg
13. https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/vitamins/health-benefits-of-vitamin-b2-
or-riboflavin.html
14. https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/vitamin-b-complex#:~:text=B
%20vitamins%20play%20a%20vital,cell%20health

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