a series of cardiac conditions including myocardial infarction (heart attack) and

acute coronary syndrome unstable angina pectoris in which the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen

(1) missed menstrual cycle

(2) abdominal pain

4 S&S of ectopic pregnancy

(3) vaginal bleeding

(4) rapid pulse and blood pressure (signs of shock/late signs)

(1) beginning of contractions to full dilation of the cervix

Three stages of labor (2) full dilation of the cervix to birth of the baby

(3) birth of the baby to expulsion of the placenta

portion of the brain that is responsible for consciousness and arousal; consists of
reticular activating system (RAS)
circuits that connect the brain stem to the cerebral cortex

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beta blockers such as atenolol and metoprolol slow the heart rate; they are
beta blocker medication effects on heart rate prescribed for hypertension and for conditions in which the heart rate must be
slowed down

ROSC Return of spontaneous circulation

A spray device with a mouthpiece that contains an aerosol form of a medication that
inhaler
a patient can spray into his airway.

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory
nebulizer
treatment (oxygen)

(1) patient has already taken the maximum dose of the medication

(2) patient is breathing inadequately and not able to bring the medication deep into
Contraindications for inhaler the lungs

(3) inhaler is not patient's prescribed device (for assisting with the patient's inhaler)

(4) medical direction has not approved or directed use of the inhaler

connects the arterial and venous blood flow in an extremity; used to connect the
patient to a dialysis machine

fistula

-NOTE: do not take blood pressure on an arm with a fistula

- severe urge to push

- crowning

indications or factors of delivery of a child - feeling that mother has to move her bowels

- labor pains are less than 2 minutes apart and prior pregnancies also weigh into
decision (ask about length of labor for other children, if possible)

- tonic refers to period of muscle rigidity

tonic-clonic seizure - clonic refers to violent muscle spasms and jerking or shaking seen in seizures

- tonic/clonic seizures are a type of generalized seizure

EMT HESI Prep

 Rate of compressions to breaths for adult 30: 2

definition: substances or drug that binds to a receptor site and causes the expected
agonist response; may be naturally occurring in the body (i.e. hormones) or from outside of
the body (i.e. medications)

waste products and fluid build up in the patient. They develop edema throughout
What happens if a patient misses a dialysis
the body. Patient also develops dangerous levels of potassium and other
appointment?
electrolytes that can lead to cardiac rhythm problems and death.

Epinephrine autoinjector is placed where? lateral thigh midway between hip and knee

premature separation of the placenta - a cause for severe bleeding in the third
placental abruption
trimester and a grave risk for mother and fetus

cocaine, methamphetamine, ectasy; ritalin and adderall for ADHD may also be
Three stimulant drugs
abused

ST elevation MI, real-time ongoing death of heart tissue due to ischemia

STEMI

- identified through a 12-lead ECG

(1) indications of injecting medications (needles present) or prescription

medications present

(2) track marks on the skin

four indications of an opiate overdose

(3) pinpoint pupils (in many but not all opiates)

(4) decreased respirations or respiratory arrest

(5) information or history from family or bystanders regarding opiate use

temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain; stroke-like symptoms that
transient ischemic attack
resolve quickly, usually 1-2 hours

Three P's of hyperglycemia polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration

APGAR
done right after and 5 min after birth, is 0-2 scale for each, total of 10

possible side effects of inhaled bronchodilator tremor, palpitations, nervousness, increased pulse
medications

- ingestion

- absorption

ways in which a toxin can enter a body

- inhalation

- injection

normal range for blood glucose levels 70-140 mg/dL

EMT HESI Prep

 1/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus; rough
location of the appendix in the body

McBurney's point

- tenderness at this point is a sign of appendicitis

The umbilical cord can be cut after the baby is properly assessed and care for.

Place one clamp from the OB kit about 6 inches from the newborn. Place the
second clamp 2-3 inches past the first clamp (away from the newborn).

How and when is the umbilical cord cut?

Cut the cord using the scissors from the OB kit.

Be sure the cord is securely clamped to prevent bleeding from the newborn.
Handle the newborn carefully and avoid damage or tension to the cord.

A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl

alcohol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation, and
Delirium tremens (DTs) seizures; can be fatal if untreated.

Begins about 48 - 72 hours after the patient stops consuming alcohol

used in emergencies to relieve bronchoconstriction (i.e. asthma attack); example is

rescue inhaler
albuterol

long-term use and will not provide relief in an emergency; usually contain a steroid
which reduces chronic inflammation adn mucus production

controller inhalers

- examples include flovent and advair

complication of elevated blood glucose where the body can't use glucose as a fuel
(because the body has no insulin); instead, body uses fats for fuel

Diabetes ketoacidosis

- causes buildup of ketones (an acid) in the blood and causes the acetone or fruity
breath odor sometimes seen in hyperglycemia

(1) BP below levels stated in protocols (usually 90 - 100 mmHg)

(2) no approval from medical direction

contraindications for nitroglycerin (3) patient has already taken maximum prescribed dose

(4) patient has an erectile dysfunction medication (Levitra, Cialis, Viagara) in past
48-72 hours

- Speech

Three components of Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke - Facial asymmetry

Scale - Pronator drift (patient holds his or her arms out in front of their body for 30
seconds with eyes closed; check for asymmetrical drift of the arms)

- immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the EMS system

- early CPR with a focus on chest compressions

Five links in the American Heart Association's Chain

- rapid defibrillation

of Survival
- effective advanced life support

- integrated post-cardiac arrest care

EMT HESI Prep

 inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body position that restricts
positional asphyxia breathing

6 rights of medication administration patient, time, dose, route, medication, documentation

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the
placenta previa
uterus

- no prenatal care

- premature delivery

Several factors that might predict the need for - drug use during pregnancy

resuscitation of the newborn - history of problems during the pregnancy

- meconium staining

- multiple births

when hypertension adn edema from preeclampsia builds and leads to seizures and
eclampsia
unresponsiveness

abnormal development of hypertension, edema, and subsequent weight gain

preeclampsia
during pregnancy

You will provide ventilations to a newborn if his/her 100 (providing ventilations at a rate of 40 - 60 min); 60 (chest compressions at a rate
pulse is less than ____ and provide compressions to of 60 per minute)
the newbron if the pulse is less than ____.