NATURE AND ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

I N T R O D U C T I O N

This unit lays out the foundational knowledge for studying oral
communication. It features essential information including the definition and
nature of communication and the rudiments of communication across cultures.

1 FUNDAMENTALS OF C O M M U N ICATI O N

unit 1

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

lesson
1 Fundamentals of Communication
Nature of Communication
1-5
3
Elements of Communication 4
Communication Process 4
lesson
2 Models of Communication 6-10
Shannon-Weaver Model 7
Transactional Model 8
Interactive Model 9
lesson
3 Features of Effective Communication 11-19
7Cs of Effective Communication 12-18
Barriers to Communication 19

lesson
4 Speech Context
Intrapersonal Communication
20-21
21
Interpersonal Communication 21
Public Communication 21
Mass Communication
lesson
5 Speech Style
Intimate, Casual, Consultative,
22-26
23
Formal, Frozen 24-26
lesson
6 Speech Act
Locutionary Act
27-32
28
Illocutionary Act 28-30
Perlocutionary Act 31

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D.

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
1
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

Instructional Objectives Materials

Cellphone/Tablet Activity Sheets
 explain the nature of communication;
Laptop/Desktop Videos
 differentiate various models of communication;
Printer
 discuss functions of communication;
Bond Paper
 distinguish the unique features of one communica-
tion process from the other;
 practice effective verbal and nonverbal communica- Source
tion during social interactions;
Balgos, A.R.G. & Sipacio, P.J.F, (2016). “Oral Com-
 explain why there is a breakdown of communica- munication in Context for Senior High School” C&E
tion; Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon
 apply strategies in overcoming communication City. pp 2-27.
breakdowns;
 practice effective communication skills;
 evaluate the effectiveness of an oral communica-
tion; Note to the student:
 reflect on your learning on the fundamentals of
communication.
Alternative materials that may work in the learning tasks
can be used in lieu of the mentioned materials above.

Let’s Warm Up!

Direction: Take a photo of an object inside your room to which
you can compare communication. Discuss your metaphor in the
space below. Be creative with your answer.

_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
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Attach photo here.
_____________________________________

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 1

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
1
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
Competency Check

Self-Audit!

After completing Let’s Warm Up, tick the column that determines how often you practice what
the statements say. Do this as objectively as possible. Bear in mind that there are no wrong answers.

Usually Sometimes Seldom Never

1. I communicate to convey my messages and

express my ideas.
2. I describe communication as a process.

3. I understand that communication can be

expressed in words and/or in actions.
4. I can distinguish the features of the commu-
nication process.
5. I can differentiate the models of communi-
cation.
6. I effectively convey a message both in
words and in actions.
7. I can identify the elements of communica-
tion.
8. I can explain the cause of communication
breakdown.
9. I use strategies to avoid communication
breakdown.
10. I know the functions of communication.

TOTAL

GRAND TOTAL

Scoring:
28 - 30 (Advanced) 23-24 (Approaching Proficiency)
Usually - 3 points Seldom - 1 point 25-27 (Proficient) 21-22 (Developing)
Sometimes - 2 points Never - 0 point 20 and below (Beginning)

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 2

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
1
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

Let’s Work and Learn!

Exercise 1
Think of one fact that you know about communication and write it on the space below.
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Key Takeaways
 Communication is a process.
Communication is a process of sharing and convey-  Communication occurs between two or more
ing messages or information from one person to people (the speaker and the receiver).
another within and across channels, contexts, me-
dia, and cultures (McCornack, 2014). There is a  Communication can be expressed through writ-
wide variety of contexts and situations in which ten or spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both
spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same
communication can be manifested; it can be face-to
time.
-face interaction, a phone conversation, a group dis-
cussion, a meeting or interview, a letter correspond-
ence, a class recitation, and many others.
Nature of Communication

Exercise 2

Direction: Using the clue words below, identify what is being described in each item.

______________________1. the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver
______________________2. the information, ideas, or thoughts being conveyed by the speaker
______________________3. someone who decodes the message
______________________4. the medium or the means in which the encoded message is conveyed
______________________5. the reaction, responses or information provided by the receiver
______________________6. the source of information or message

context channel message decoding speaker

feedback encoding barrier receiver

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 3

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
1
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

Elements of Communication

SPEAKER the source of information or message

MESSAGE the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions
ENCODING the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the
speaker understands
CHANNEL the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in
which the encoded message is conveyed
DECODING the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver
RECEIVER the recipient of the message or someone who decodes the message
FEEDBACK the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver
CONTEXT the environment where communication takes place
BARRIER the factors that affect the flow of communication

EXAMPLE
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.
The speaker generates an idea.

She thinks of how to tell him using their native lan-

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea
guage.
into words or actions.

She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang kaibigan”.

The speaker transmits or sends out a message.

Rico hears what Daphne says.

The receiver gets the message.

He tries to analyse what she means based on the

The receiver decodes or interprets the message
content and their relationship, and he is heartbro-
based in the context.
ken.

The receiver sends or provides feedback.

He frowns and does not say something because he
is in pain.

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 4

 lesson
Oral Communication in Context | for Senior High School
1
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
240 minutes (2 hours per class session)

Exercise 3

Direction: Based on the previous discussion, create an illustration showing the process of communication.
Include all the elements of communication in your model.

Exercise 4

Direction: Explain the process of communication as depicted in your illustration on the space provided
below.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D. 5

 end | unit 1

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from the authors.

All rights reserved. 2020

MAGALLANES, E.B., SALAYA, T.L.D.