CELLS - are the basic building blocks of all living things. the human body is composed of trillions of cells.

a cell is the structural and functional unit of life.

Cell has Three fundamental parts.

1. CELL MEMBRANE 2. CYTOPLASM. 3. NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM - is a thick clear jelly like substance present inside the cell membrane.
°most of the chemical reactions within a cell take place in the cytoplasm. made of water, salt and protein.

CELL MEMBRANE - present in both plant cell and animal cell.

°Acts a gate as it regulates what can be allowed to enter and exit the cell.
Selectively permiable.

NUCLEUS - considered to be the brain of the cell.

°Controls the activity of the cell.
°The nucleus is responsible for storage as well as the transfer of genetic materials in the form of DNA and RNA.
°The Nucleolus plays an important role in ribosomes production.

RIBOSOMES- ribosomes are found in rough endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm.

°Are the site of biological protein synthesis in all living organisms.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R) is a large networks of membranes responsible for the
production of proteins, metabolism and transportation of lipids. Transport of materials throughout the cell.

TWO TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

1. Rough E.R - most of the ribosomes attached.
2. Smooth E.R - no ribosomes.a storage of enzymes and remove toxic substances.

GOLGI BODY - it is mainly involved in secretion and intracellular transport .

°Modification and packaging of materials such as protein, lipids and carbohydrates to be use by the other cells.

VESICLES - carry substances in and out of the cell like food particles.

CELL WALL - provides the cell with both structural support and protection. Give the cells a strong shape and cell walls are
only found in plant cell and a rigid structures.

LYSOSOME - helps in digestion and removes waste and digests dead damaged cells. Therefore, it is also called as the "
Suicidal bags".

VACUOLES - vacuoles store various molecules including enzymes, waste products of the cell, water and even food
material depending on the type of cell.

MITOCHONDRIA - stores energy thus known as the POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL.
°the primary function of mitochondria is the synthesis of energy in the form of ATP during cellular respiration.

CHLOROPLAST - contain the pigment chlorophyll that captures energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.
Therefore, the chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. (The process through which plants produce food.)
PLASTIDS - energy converters. they harvest solar energy and produce food in the process of photosynthesis.

MICROTUBULES - organize the positions of organelles direct intracellular transport provide support movement
of the cell.

PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

1.CELL WALL PRESENT ABSENT
2.PLASTID PRESENT ABSENT
3.CENTROSOME ABSENT PRESENT
4.CENTRIOLES ABSENT PRESENT
CILIA AND FLAGELLA ABSENT PRESENT
VACUOLE BIGGER SMALLER
RECTANGULAR ROUND SHAPE
SHAPE
Can produced own Can't produced own
food through food.
photosynthesis.

TWO KINDS OF CELL

EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL
1. Has a nucleus No nucleus
2. Can be uni- or All are unicellular
multicellular organism
organism.
3. Bigger and more Smaller and more
complex simple
4. Ex. Animal, Plants. Ex. Bacteria