• Student Name:

• Student ID:
• Module Title: Warehousing
• Module Code: BUSS-B 2002
• Session: Spring 21

1
 Contents
IMPORTANCE OF PQRST KEY IN DESIGNING A WAREHOUSE...........................2

PROBLEMS IN LAYOUT OF WAREHOUSE:...........................................................3

PICKING STRATEGIES:..................................................................................................4

PICK-TO-LIGHT...........................................................................................................5

VOICE PICKING...........................................................................................................5

CLUSTER PICKING.....................................................................................................6

WAVE PICKING...........................................................................................................6

RACKING SYSTEMS:......................................................................................................7

DRIVE-IN PALLET RACKING SYSTEMS................................................................7

PUSH BACK PALLET RACKING SYSTEMS............................................................7

PALLET FLOW RACKING SYSTEMS.......................................................................8

CARTON FLOW RACKING SYSTEMS.....................................................................9

REFERENCES:..................................................................................................................9

2
WAREHOUSING
TASK 2 PART (A)
IMPORTANCE OF PQRST KEY IN DESIGNING A WAREHOUSE
PQRST key stands for product, quantity, route, support and time. It allows us to
systematically collect important data, which allows you make a good design of an
organized warehouse. It can also lead to a more efficient warehouse. The principal tool is
the PQRST analysis. The research questions are therefore grouped according to the
product, quantity, routing, support and time, so as to have a clear understanding of
material flows and connections between activities. After that insight, the link chart can be
drawn to show the links between departments (De Koster et al., 2007). The relationship
chart In addition, each department's space requirements within the scope will be
evaluated. The space-based diagram can be drawn with the relationship diagram and the
space available.
In addition, the limitations and constraints must be taken into account.

3
PROBLEMS IN LAYOUT OF WAREHOUSE:
Due to the various factors involved, designing a warehouse layout can be a complex
process. This process involves planning an installation design that can use the available
space properly, facilitate the smooth running of operations and increase efficiency (Ten
Hompel and Schmidt, 2008). This module helps you understand the importance of a
practical warehouse design and discuss some of the most important principles you should
take into account when designing a warehouse layout. In order to develop alternative
layout designs, systematic Muther layout planning is used to develop the alternative
layouts alignment with spatial relation schemes. The problems that can be solved by
PQRST key are:
 Where should the goods enter?
 Through which route should the good route?
 The sequence of the order
 How long stay the products in ware house?

4
Every problem in the layout rests on two basic components:
1. Product (or service) – which is to be manufactured or manufactured.
• The quantity or volume of each item – how much should be produced
• We mean by product (or material or service) the products of an enterprise or area,
the starting materials, the formed or processed parts, the final goods, the service
items supplied or processed. or purchased parts.
• The amount of goods or services that are produced, supplied or utilized shall be
considered by quantity (or volume). Number of parts, tons, cubic volume or
amount value produced or sold may be called a quantity (Wang, 2016).
• We mean the services, auxiliaries and associated activities or features to be
provided in the area to be designed in order to function efficiently by supporting
the services.
• Another fundamental element in unlocking problems in the layout is time (or
timing). We mean by time, how long, how many and how soon. By timing. Time
or time means when the products are manufactured or when the layout is planned.

TASK 2 PART (B)

PICKING STRATEGIES:
There are four types of picking methods, which will be used in the picking process of a
warehouse. These includes pick cart – roll container, pick to belt, pick to tote and pick to
shipping box. The picking techniques that will use in the picking process includes paper
pick list, RF and scanning, pick to light and voice recognition (Daniels et al., 1998).

5
PICK-TO-LIGHT
Installing pick-by-light LEDs and bar code scanners in warehouses and racks is essential
for this automated pick-up system. After a picker scans a shipment box barcode, the SKU
LEDs listed in the order begin to glow. Workers follow these lights to get SKUs on their
list of selections.
For example: General food products

VOICE PICKING
Pickers receive verbal information on the items to choose from and the locations of the
item in real time when they choose their voices. These instructions are transmitted via
headsets (worn by the pickers) that are connected to an order management system to
speed up the collection and enhance precision. After it's finished, the pickers confirm
verbally that it's finished.
For example: electrical gadgets

6
CLUSTER PICKING
Cluster-picking is an efficiency game that involves the compilation of a single picker,
usually with various SKUs, with multiple orders at a time. You may be able to make a
serious effort in speed, but integrate special technologies and resources for your storage,
such as a sharp, skilled picker, mobile cart, automated device and voice solutions
(Daniels et al., 1998). You will have to integrate these technologies and resources.
For example: food products

WAVE PICKING
Wave picking makes a lot of sense if your warehouse meets the high demand for
satisfaction and a variety of inventories. Each order is prepared line by line in wave
collection by a single picker, but all warehouse orders are first assessed in order to
maximize shipping and collection. Installation is not just done in the number it was
placed.
This strategy enables the shipping and preparation of "waves" of orders throughout the
day, given priority by time and significance.
For example: shipping boxes

TASK 2 PART (C)

RACKING SYSTEMS:
The racking systems that can be used in the warehouse with respect to efficiency includes
selective pallet racking system, drive in pallet racking system, push back in pallet racking
system, pallet flow racking system, carton flow racking system, and cantilever racking

7
system. These racking systems have some problem, which includes high capital
investment, high maintenance requirement and limited storage height (Master, 2009).

DRIVE-IN PALLET RACKING SYSTEMS

Pallet rack drive systems maximize space in the storage and enable the storage of similar
products or SKUs at a high density. Drive-in rack systems provide maximum density
storage in your warehouse for similar products and pallets. Drive-in rack systems remove
aisles from a warehouse because the drive-in system is designed to store large quantities
of a like product using the same entrance or exit point in each bay or rack. Because drive
racking systems can be accessed by the fork lift, they provide maximum storage density.
The product or pallet may be stored up to six or more deeply in the rack in lanes.
For example: large-volume storage of similar products, freezer / cooler, high-turnover
retail products

PUSH BACK PALLET RACKING SYSTEMS

Pallet rear racks are high-density storage solutions which load pallets to a nesting cart
system, sliding on sloping rails. Push-back rack systems are designed to allow a product
to be stored densely which does not need to be retrieved first-hand. Pallet pushback racks
are stationary frames that load the pallets onto a nesting cart system, sliding on inclined
tracks from the front. For the high-density storage of several product lines or SKUs, a
push back pad system is excellent. The design of this product eliminates maintenance and
provides greater selectivity. A pallet is placed in a pushback system on a free rolling cart,
which is pushed back into the system when a pallet is loaded into the system (Master,
2009). These systems come in 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6-deep cart configurations. Due to the slide

8
of pallets down the aisle, a rear pallet rack is much faster for loading and unloading than
a comparable drive rack.
For example: food and retail products

PALLET FLOW RACKING SYSTEMS

On the "load" side, a pallet is positioned, then moved with gravity rollers to the "picking"
side. The pallet moves one position nearer the pickup position as each load is removed.
Pallet flow racks or gravity flow racks are a dynamic storage system which automates the
pallet storage and retrieval using gravity rollers, and increases the storage efficiency. The
storage capacity of your facility can be double or even triple compared to other methods
with a pallet flow system. On the "load" side a pallet is put, and then moved with a
gravitational roller to the "picking" side. With every load deleted, the pallet moves one
position closer to the picking position behind it automatically (Master, 2009). This
reduces labor costs by an automatic stock rotation. The speed of the pallet can be
controlled by roller type and brakes developed for the system.
For example: Grocery, retail, food and freezer

9
CARTON FLOW RACKING SYSTEMS
Carton flow systems can be loaded from behind and product cartons can be loaded down
to the front of the rack to pick and pick orders by gravitational-driven rollers or wheels.
Essential to the boxes and small products, the flow racking systems are the same like
pallet flow racks or split boxes. While using the First in First out method (FIFO),
cardboard flow rack dramatically improves cost savings by automatically organizing the
product and rotating stock, thereby increasing warehouse efficiency.
For example: Packing materials, product cartons

REFERENCES:
1. Daniels, R. L., Rummel, J. L. & Schantz, R. 1998. A model for warehouse order
picking. European Journal of Operational Research, 105, 1-17.

10
2. De Koster, R., Le-Duc, T. & Roodbergen, K. J. 2007. Design and control of
warehouse order picking: A literature review. European journal of operational
research, 182, 481-501.
3. Master, T. R. 2009. Warehouse Redesign of Facility Layout, Racking System and
Item Classification at Sunrize Tackle, Inc.
4. Ten Hompel, M. & Schmidt, T. 2008. Warehouse management, Springer.
5. Wang, W. 2016. The Field of Logistics Warehouse Layout Analysis and
Research. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 4, 1120-1123.

11