a.3.

Split Wedge
Valves - Self adjusting and self-aligning disc
- Are devices that control the flow of fluids or a.4 Double (Parallel) disc
gases through a piping system - Prevents valve binding due to thermal
- Valves are made of a wide variety of transients
materials for compatibility to the fluid flowing
through it. VALVE STEM
- To control the flow, increase, decrease or - Connects the hand wheel to the gate
fully stop the flow a. Rising Stem
- G.I. type - Hand wheel and stem rising when opening
b. Non rising stem
Valves that start and stop the - Hand wheel and stem do not rise while
opening
flow c. Outside screw-&-yoke (OS&Y)
- These valves are designed to be operated - Stem rises through the hand wheel while
completely open or completely closed. opening
- These valves cannot be used effectively to - Parang rising stem pero stem itself it
throttle, or regulate, flow. doesn’t contact to the liquid
- Common valves - Stem does not contact the fluid, therefore,
a. Gate valve the os&y is suitable for corrosive fluids
b. Knife valve
c. Ball valve Knife Gate Valve
d. Plug valve - Gate is thin with tapered edge on the
e. Three-way valve bottom
- Suited for slurry, pulp, waste, and low-
a. Gate valve pressure applications
- Turning the hand wheel lifts or lowers the - May kasamang buo buo o solid
disc (gate) Ball Valve
- A partially opened gate causes turbulence - Gate is a ball with a hole for flow through it
- If malakas pressure tubig, gate valve is not matching the pipe size
fully opened just create added pressure kasi - Ginagamit sa mga gripo
nagkakaroon ng friction - May bilog sa loob
- This turbulence not only causes piping Plug valve
damage (water hammer), it also wears the - Similar to the ball valve
disc and seat surfaces. - It is a ¼ turn start-stop valve
- Arrester is to arrest the pressure - Sealant is plug shaped
a.1. Solid Wedge - Cylindrical
- Most common used: a single, solid disc Three way valve
that is rugged and simple - A multi-port valve installed at the
a.2. Flexible Wedge intersection of 3 lines
- One piece disc with a cut or groove around - Very important when meron isang part
the edge to compensate for irregular sealing gusting patayin and isang part connection
edges can allow a flow
- if typical gate valve kasi nagkakaroon ng - Very seldom used in household
pagluwag kasi nagagasgas, flexible wedge
may goma, nagcocontract nagccompensate
possible leakage
 Butterfly valve
- Has a round disc that turns 90 degrees to
Valve that regulate flow mate with the seat
- These valves can not only start and stop - Used in low-to-medium pressures and flows
flow, they can regulate flow. - Pag nagflow yung tubig Parang hinahati
- The dic can be totally removes from the flow lang yung tubig
- Increases or decreases Wafer valve
- Most common types are: - Butterfly valve that sandwiches between two
a. Globe valve flanges
b. Butterfly valve - May makapal na itim na bilog ganon sa pic
c. Diaphragm valve - Facilitate more sealing
Globe Valve Wafer lug valve
- Valve movement is perpendicular to the - Butterfly valve that sandwiches between two
seat flanges and has lugs to match the bold
- Pinepress daanan gamit yung disc holes of the flange
- Nagkakaroon lang ng compression - May holes sa gilid
- Nakalubog lang pwet ng valve - Main lines ng mga prime water, commonly
- Di masisira they use wafer lug valve, yung maraming
- Basic types: turnilyo
a. Angle Two-Flange Valve
b. Y-type - The body has a flange cast on both sides
c. Needle Diaphragm Valve
Angle - Sealing disc is flexible and seals against the
- A globe valve that changes the direction of body
flow - Suitable for slurries, highly corrosive
- Usually, the ports are at 90-degrees to each materials, and materials that cannot be
other contaminated
- These are commonly used to replace valve - Parang goma yung sealing element, that’s
and elbow combinations why it is adjusted doon sa pinaka curve ng
- Parang typical na gripo ilalim. Pag made of rubber and same
- Nagccompress yung lock materials na ginamit it facilitates more
Y-Type sealing. Nag aadjust yung goma sa pinaka
- Has the straight-through flow of a gate valve form. Pinepress
- Has the throttling and flow control of a globe Needle Valve
- Sealing thru compression, pero eto naka y, - Has a tapered needle instead of a disc to
naka angle yung system allow for fine adjustment to the flow.
- Typically used in industries that uses
Needle Type instrumentation as their monitoring system
- Commonly used for precise flow control of
instrumentation applications
- Not commonly available over 1 inch size
- Commonly used in industrial, where there is
control of instruments. Example flow of
chemicals because it is regulated, kailangan
maliit lang yung flow or onting onti lang sa
industrial, monitored by instrumentation
system.

Valve that relieve pressure
- Used to control pressure, not flow
- Two Basic types are:
a. Safety valve
b. Pressure relief valve
Bakit iniiwasan yung back flow, kasi yung backflow
may kasamang contamination especially kapag
yung connection is from water main, may possibility
macontaminate
Safety Valve
- Used in pipelines and tanks to prevent
ruptures due to excess pressure
- Pag binuksan, sumisirit
- Uses hydraulic system inside
- Pneumatic, releases pressure
Pressure relief valve
- In-line valve to control a specified pressure
in the liquid circuit
- These usually have the pressure set at the
factory
- Pag binili may specific adjustment based sa
kailangan
- Nagkakaroon ng detection, pag tumataas
na, magrrelease ng pressure
- May system na maintained ang pressure
specially sa industrial zone
Valves that regulate direction
of flow
- These valves prevent backflow and are
referred to as “check valves”
- Common types are:
a. Swing
b. Lift
c. Ball
d. Butterfly
e. Foot
Swing check valve
- Uses a hinged disc as the sealing member
- Only facilitates forward flow, pag bumalik
yung tubig sasara siya, no possibility of
back flow, system detects if may back flow
Lift check valve
- One way flow check valve that functions like
a globe valve
- Flow ng tubig pataas, tataas yung sealing
tapos pag may possibility of backflow
automatic bababa
Ball check valve
- Much like a lift check except that it uses a
ball instead of a disc for sealing
- Free moving yung ball sa loob
- Pag backflow, matic sara
Butterfly check valve
- Two disc hinged in the middle
Foot Valve
- Used at the bottom of a suction line to
maintain the prime of the pump
- For vertical Flow
- Special type of valve
Valve Actuators
- Responsible sa control ng system, nag
mmove
- No manual intervention
- Lessen manual intervention
- Two primary purposes of valve actuators
a. Provide automatic operation of the valve
b. Reduce the effort required to manually
operate the valve
Four basic types of actuators
a. Gear
b. Chain
c. Pneumatic or hydraulic
d. Motor driven, electric or pneumatic
Spur gear actuator
- Valve stem and driver shaft are parallel
Bevel Gear Actuator
- Valve stem and driver shaft are 90 degrees
to each other and the gears are cone-
shaped
- Pag pinipihit, yung valve stem, nag ppush
towards sa gear
Worm Gear Actuator
- Valve stem and driver shaft are 90 degrees
to each other. The driver gear (worm) looks
like a screw
- Used primarily with butterfly valves
- Parang katulad ng butterfly valves
Chain Actuators
 - Reduces the effort required to manually
operate the valve
- Applicable where the valve is not easily
accessible; such as, too high to reach
- Pang matataas, higher elevation/location
- Yung chain lang gagalawin, manually
operate the valve without much effort
Pneumatic and hydraulic actuators
- Uses fluid or air pressure to actuate the
valve
- Most of these are spring-loaded to ensure Basic Principles
that the valve fails in a fail-safe position
- From plumbing code of the ph
- It Detects pressure and actuates
- Commonly used on industrial plants - Standard designs
Electric or air-motor driven actuators
- Uses motors to actuate the valve
- Motor can be either electrical or pneumatic
- Built in motor
- Self-operating motors
Control Valves
- Variations of the angle, globe, or ball valves
that are controlled by pneumatic, electronic,
or hydraulic actuators.
- Most commonly used for pressure or
temperature control
- Parang combination of different valves

Valve Selection
Important factors:
a. Temperature – External and Internal
b. Pressure - when to use the valve
c. Pipe size -
d. Fluid Chemistry – smoothness May arrow mula sa kalsada papasok sa property line
e. Valve function- to control, to stop, to
regulate, to re-direct May una parang ribbon, meaning normal pressure
Valve Schematic Symbols papasok sa bahay from water main
- Valves are shown on schematics by
symbols Before it reaches the water meter the circular one,
dadaan sa gate valve, pagdaan sa gate valve, we have
water meter, then check valve, water line distribution

Pataas riser

Valves that start and stop the flow

Valve that regulate flow

Valve that relieve pressure

Valves that regulate direction of flow

Valve Actuators