The Practice of Management

ASSOC. PROF. JOCELYN F. AGCAOILI, MHPEd, MSPT

College of Rehabilitation Sciences
University of Santo Tomas

 MANAGEMENT

 Is the process of getting things done through & with people

 planning & directing of efforts,

 the organizing & employing of resources to accomplish a predetermined objective

 “an art with a scientific base”

 Scientific nature =

 Artistic aspect =

 Management Approaches

 Classical school

 Focused on efficiency

 Bureaucratic management = rational set of structuring guidelines, rules, division of

labor, hierarchy

 Max Weber

 Scientific management = focuses on worker and machine relationships to increase

productivity and the “one best way”

 Frederick Taylor
 Frank Gilbreth
 Henry Gantt

 Administrative management = emphasizes the manager & the functions of

management

 Henri Fayol
 Mary Parker Follet
 Human Relations School

 Dealt with human aspects of organizations

 Elton Mayo
 Chester Barnard

 Human Resources School

 Motivation and leadership

 Integrating Theories of Management

 Traditional viewpoint

 Behavioral viewpoint

 Systems viewpoint

 Contingency viewpoint

 Management

 A process

 with interpersonal and technical aspects,

 through which the objectives of healthcare organizations are specified and pursued

 by using human and physical resources and technology

 SYSTEMS APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT

 Organization does not exist in a vacuum

 Focus is on the relationship & interdependence of parts, moves beyond structure & function
to emphasize the flow of work, the inputs & the outputs
 The Organization as a System

 Internal Environment

 External Environment

 SYSTEMS APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT

 INPUTS

 elements the system must accept because they are imposed by outside forces

 Resources necessary for the functioning of the system, needed to attain organizational
goals

 Demands of CLAIMANTS that are made on the system:

 Employees =

 Consumers =

 Suppliers =

 Stockholders =

 Government =

 Community =

 Specific inputs in the healthcare system

 Characteristics of clients

 Legal & accrediting agency requirements

 Multiple goals

 OUTPUTS

 Goods or services that the organization must produce

 Specific OUTPUTS for the healthcare system

 THROUGHPUTS

 Structures or processes by which inputs are converted into outputs

 FEEDBACK

 Through which inputs & throughputs are adjusted to produce better & even new
outputs

 Done through the CONTROLLING

 OPEN SYSTEM

 There is constant input & output with continual adaptation to the environment
causing increasing order or complexity with differentiation of parts overtime

 Levels of Management

 Where managers are found

 THE WORK OF MANAGERS

 Overall managerial responsibilities

 Administrative activities
 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS

 PLANNING

 ORGANIZING

 STAFFING

 LEADING / DIRECTING

 CONTROLLING

Keystone in the Organization

 Supervisors are the level of management linking the operations of each department to
the rest of the organization

 SKILLS NEEDED BY MANAGERS

 TECHNICAL SKILL

 HUMAN SKILL

 CONCEPTUAL SKILL
 ROLES OF MANAGERS

 INTERPERSONAL ROLES

 Figurehead

 Leader (Influencer)

 Liaison

 INFORMATIONAL ROLE

 Monitor

 Disseminator

 Spokesperson

 DECISIONAL ROLE

 Entrepreneur

 Disturbance handler

 Resource allocator

 Negotiator

 MODEL OF MANAGERIAL ROLES

 DESIGNER

 The work done by managers in establishing intentional patterns of relationship among

people and other resources in the organization

 1st level

 Middle level

 Senior level
 STRATEGIST

Pertains to efforts of managers to:

 establish suitable organizational objectives

 develop and implement plans or strategies

 think of how to adapt organizational domains

 Need the ability to discern important information from the environment

 Situational analysis

 Have to organize the information

 Senior level = establishes overall strategic directions of the organization

 Middle & 1st level = implement organizational level strategies

 LEADER

 Senior level = transformational leader

 Middle & 1st level = transactional leader