NEW TOPOGRAPHY SIGNS

AND SYMBOLS

Presented by
Sanjeev Padvi
B. Sc. B. Ed. M. Div. M.Th.
The International Map of the
World which was started in 1913 ,
to create the complete map of the
world, came up with the
numbering system which is still
followed.
1. In IMW, N or S was used to
denote the northern or southern
hemisphere.
2. The next alphabet and the
number in IMW denotes 6°x 4°
and each division of 6°x 4° are
labeled as A1, B2, B3….C42, D42,
E42…etc.
3. Each 6°x 4° is divided into 24
squares of 1°x 1° and are labeled A
to X
28° N
A B c D E F

27° N
G G I J K L

26° N M N O P Q R

25°N
S T U V W X
24° N
72°E 73°E 74°E 75° E 76° E 78°E

Arrangement of Degree Sheets such as G 43

1 5 9 13 Arrangeme
nt of one
inch sheet
2 6 10 14
such as G43
S.

Each A, B,
3 7 11 15 C, D ..S will
be further
divided
4 8 12 15 into 16
parts
1. Each topographical map on a scale of 1:50,000 is
divided into 36 blocks and these blocks are named, A, B,
C, D, E And F from west to east and 1, 2,3,4,5,6 from
north to south.

2. Thus on each map there are 36 blocks A1, A2, A3, B1,
B2, B3, C1, C2,C3 etc.

3. The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of 15 minute

is covered in each of these topographical maps.
All three types
of roads

Magenta colour:
Brown colour
Yellow Colour:
 Roads according to importance

National National State State District District

Highway Highway Highway Highway Road Road
( Double ( Double ( Double
Carriage) Carriage) Carriage)
Sign Meaning Sign Meaning

Roadways According to importance Pack track

District Road Foot path

State highways Foot path with a bridge

National Highways Pack track with pass

National Highways Cart Track

Expressways Unmetalled Road

All three
types of
roads
National
Highway:

Single
carriage
National
Highway:
Mainly in
Desert
Or
Mountain
areas have
single
carriage
Mainly due
to sparse
population
here
Double carriage Double
carriage:
A road with a
dividing strip
between the
traffic in
opposite
directions and
usually two or
more lanes in
each direction.
( Double Carriage)
Double
carriage:
Nasik
Mumbai
National
Highway
near the
Western
Ghats
State highway: State
highway:

Single
carriage
State highway: Double carriage

Double carriage
District Road
District
road with a
distance
stone:
Purple colour.
Express
way:
EXPRESSWAY
WITH A
BRIDGE.
Distance
stone,
also
called as
kilometer
stone

.
State
highway

117 is
distance of
117
kilometer
A
Road with
Embankment
Road with
embankment
Unmetalled Road
Unmetalled
road.

Also termed
as Kacchha
Road
Cart
Track
During
Rainy
Season
it cannot
be used
for
motors.
Non
motarabl
e in rainy
season
Graveled
unmetalled
Road:
Stones or
gravel are
laid to
avoid it
getting
muddy or
dusty.
In
topography
this is NOT
a Foot path
Foot path is
generally
formed by
the foot
movement of
people.
Foot path Foot path is
generally
formed by
the foot
movement
of people.

However it
may be man
made and is
with bridge
where eco
tourism is
carried out.
Foot path formed by the foot movement of people. Also Open Scrub
Pack track formed by the foot movement of animals.
Pack Track with a pass. Pack track is a path formed
by the foot movement of animals.
 Open Scrub:
It is a type of
vegetation.
2. Sheep rearing
is an occupation
at such places.

It also indicates
hot and dry
climate with
scanty rainfall in
a region
Open Scrub: Sheep rearing is an occupation at such places.
 Railways

Broad Broad Broad gauge Other Other Railway line

Gauge Gauge With Gauge Gauge Under
Double Single Railway Double Single Construction
Station
Broad gauge

Meter gauge
 Broad
Gauge:
Parallel
Tracks

Broad Gauge: Double line

Other Gauge
Parallel
tracks
Board gauge:
Single line
Narrow Gauge
Double
Meter
Gauge:
Single line
Narrow
Gauge
Under
Construction
Railway
Line: Seen
with white
gap

No white gap is
seen in
constructed one
A
Railway
Track
With
Embankment
Railway Embankment
Distance Stone on railway line
CUTTING
WITH TUNNEL

FOR A
BROAD GAUGE
Cutting
with
Tunnel
A pylon : This one
is for carrying the
heavy
laod/electricity
A pylon is a bar or rod that supports some structure

It is a tower like
structure
generally used to
carry heavy
electrical energy.
These are high
voltage wires.
The main
power line
Un surveyed
poles:
It forms the
most important
aspect of a
transmission
line survey as
the cost of the
transmission
line is influenced
to a great extent
by the route
chosen.
Sluice: A sliding gate for controlling the flow of water.
Sluice:
A sliding
gate for
controlling
the flow of
water from
a canal
drawn
from a
canal.
Perennial Canal
A blue line from
a dam indicates
a perennial
canal
Aqueduct:

It’s a small
artificial water
channel for
conveying water
from a canal
Aqueduct: It a small water channel taken from a big canal.
Perennial
Canal:

These are
drawn from
the dams.
A canal
with a
bridge
Siphon It is a bent
pipe taken
from a canal to
supply water
Siphon
Link for Siphon irrigation: https://youtu.be/cMVFCeoysXc
Siphon
1. Earthen
Embankment.
2, Masonry
embankment.
3. A road LIKE
structure with
embankment not
for the public
transport.
Weir:
It is a small
wall built across
a river to
control the
upstream water
level.
Masonry dams :
Are indicated by
RED
embankment
These are the
dams made out of
stone and brick,
cement concrete
sometimes joined
with mortar.
Earth Dam:
A dam constructed
of earth material
(such as
gravel, broken
weathered rock,
sand, silt, or soil).
Embankment: Earthen Embankment
of Earthen
dams are
provided with
the small
masonry work
in order to
operate the gate
of the dam.
1. Earthen
Embankment.
2, Masonry
embankment.
3. A road LIKE
structure with
embankment not
for the public
transport.
It is a road
like structure
on a dam but
its not for the
general public
transport.
It is a road like
structure on a
dam but its not
for the general
public
transport.
Features on either
bank of River Sipu.

Barren land on
right bank
and
Forest of left bank
A covered tank:

These are covered

in order to prevent
evaporation and
contamination of
water.
Diggi is a tanks
near a farm where
water from the
canal is stored.

This water is for

irrigation purpose
Diggi:
It is a small water tank constructed
near a farm by the farmer to store
water from the canal which he uses.
This stored water will be used when
there is no supply of water from the
canal.
Overhead Tank
Flat Sand Permanent Sand Shifting sand
dunes dunes
Flat Sand
Permanent Sand dunes
Agriculture
amongst
sand dunes
Shifting
sand
dunes
Sand dunes
with
depressions
Shifting
Sand
dunes
International State State Taluk Subdivision Forest
Boundary Boundary boundary: boundary boundary boundary
Demarcated Un
demarcated
 Forest
Boundary

RF
State
Boundary
Demarcated

Tehsil
Boundary
Maharashtra
Gujarat Border

Demarcated
boundary
Undemarcated
boundary:

It is without
fencing.
 All these symbols are now appear in BLACK colour

Temple Chhatri Church Mosque Idgah Tomb Graves

Mosque :
A place of
offering
prayers by
Muslims
Church :
A place of
offering
prayers by
Christians
Idgah a place
where Muslims
gather the
prayers during
Eid
Graves:
A grave is a
location where
a dead body is
buried or
interred after a
funeral.
Graves
.

Chhatri:
A structure
built on the
house of
noblemen.
Chhatri is
commonly
used to depict
the elements
of pride and
honor in the
Jat, Maratha
and Rajput
architecture.
Rest Circuit Hospital Veterinar Dispensar Post Police
House house: ( For y y Office Station
Or A place of human Hospital A primary
Inspectio tax beings) ( For Health
n collection (Ayurvedi Animals) Center
Bungalow during c
British May be
Era written)
Circuit House
[CH]
During British
rule it was the
place for tax
collection.
Now it is used
to
accommodate
the officials on
duty.
Rest House/ IB
is a kind of hotel
or lodge. Many
organization
keep the guest
house , which is
for
representatives
in free.
Police Station
Police
Chauki:
:
(Ayurvedic)
Veterinary
Hospital
Dispensary:
It’s a
primary
health
center
Dispensary:
It’s a
primary
health
center
Post Office
 Reserve forest: Hunting, Telegraph office
grazing/ forestry
prohibited
Protected forest: A raised metaled road
Hunting, grazing/
forestry allowed with
special permission
Tourist place. Black dots are
sediment/load.
Circuit house: A place Blue line is water
during British time to channel
collect tax.
Police chauki A police outpost . It White patch in a river
works under police is river island
station
River Island
River
With
Rocks
Water
Channel:
It is
indicated
in a
topograph
ic map
with a
blue line
in a river.
Water Channel: It
is indicated in a
topographic map
with a blue line in
a river.
 FC DH Camping
Tourist Aerodrome Helipad
center . Ground
G43 S10 G43 S7
Submerged
Rocks
Shoal is shallow
river, stream, lake
or sea
Rocky knob.
Rocky
knob.
A
protruding
part of
rock
overlookin
g a valley
Rock
Knob
Telegram
Office
Cart
Track
. During
Rainy
Season it
cannot be
used for
motors
Non
motarabl
e in rainy
season
Causeway:
It is a raised
Metalled
road over a
stream or a
river

It is a bridge like
structure is Not
accepted by the
council
Causeway:
It is a raised
metaled road
over a stream
or river to
cross them
when they are
flooded.
Perennial
Tank.
Trevor's tank
at Mt. Abu.
Dry tank .
It indicates
hot and dry
climate.
Dry tank . It
indicates hot
and dry
season.
Tower:
Mobile
Is means
of
communi
cation
Antiquities

The ancient
past, especially
the period of
classical and
other human
civilizations
Champa
Caves of Mt.
Abu
Antiquities:
The ancient
past,
especially the
period of
classical and
other human
civilizations
Rock outcrop is
the structure
formed when a
piece of rock juts
out from the main
rock. It is due to
weathering and
extreme hot
conditions.
Rock
outcrop is
the structure
formed when
a piece of
rock juts out
from the
main rock.
It is due to
weathering
and extreme
hot
conditions.
Rock
Outcrop:
It’s a part
of the
submerge
d rock
seen
above the
ground..
The rocks are
found here in
Layers.
A stone
Quarry..
A stone
quarry from
here useful
rocks are
extracted
for various
uses.
Stone Grit

Stones obtained
from the stone
quarry are crushed
to small pieces for
construction
purposes. ..
Permanent hut
Temporary hut
and Permanent
hut
Altitudes: Altitudes in a map are always above the sea level
1. Indicated by the contour lines with the number.
2. With the help of the surveyed tree.
3. With the help of the Bench mark.
4. With the help of the spot height.
5. With the help of the Triangulated height.

Relative height and relative depth are never above the sea
level.

Falls indicate the height of waterfall.

Surveyed Tree at 286 m Spot height 246 m.
Approximate spot height 289 m Contour height of 250 m.
Bench Mark of 224. 5 m Triangulated height 1327 m
Spot height 255 m Approximate spot height 622 m
Approximate height of 642 m Falls 7 m is waterfall of height 7
m
Spot height of the place is 438. Surveyed tree is at the
altitude of 265 m.

Spot height of the place is 225 m. A geodetic survey of a region

It indicates the Approximate accounts for the curvature of
the Earth and even variations
height
in this curvature while
making routes

Triangulated height: It is Tertiary Bench mark. These

calculated by the triangulation are reference points whose
method. elevations are randomly
These are very accurate height. assumed.

Contour line of height 250 m Perennial canal at the altitude

of 63 m.
Surveyed Tree at the altitude of 321 m
Triangulated Station Bench Mark
Lined perennial Well

Lined perennial Well with

saline/salty water
Tube Well

A small water tank for

irrigation purpose
Unlined
Well: These
are usually
seasonal
and not
much deep.
B

(Brackish)

Salty Well
water
Disappearing
Drainage
Pattern
BROKEN
GROUND
Dry river bed:
Black dots in it
show sediment
OR load
Water Channel:
It is indicated in a
topographic map
with a blue line in a
river.
Water
Channel:
It is indicated
in a
topographic
map with a
blue line in a
river.
Water
channel is
indicated by
thin blue line
Embankment:
embankment
Across a Dam
near Nasik
Perennial
tank with
Embankment
Perennial
Tank.
Trevor's tank
at Mt. Abu.
Dry tank . It
indicates hot
and dry
season.
Annual fair is a social activity
Annual Fair:
Place of social
activity, trade,
entertainment.
People
gather here to
offer puja.
Fire Line:
Under
construction
Fire Line is
cleared
patch of
forest where
trees are cut
in order to
avoid the
spread of
fire. It’s
length varies
from 5 to 15
m.
Fire Line: A cleared
patch of forest to
avoid the spread of
fire in the forest
Brick Kiln:
Backing causes
hardening of
bricks.
They don’t
dissolve in water
Marble
quarry:

Taj Mahal's
incredible
beauty and
the Victoria
Memorial's
grandeur, m
arble from
Makrana in
Rajasthan
Limestone
quarry: A place
from where lime
stones are
extracted.
Lime kiln:
A place where
lime stone
articles are
baked
Drainage Pattern
1. Disappearing Drainage Pattern 3. Undefined Drainage Pattern.
2. Radial Drainage Pattern 4. Dendritic drainage pattern.
4. Dendritic drainage 5. Disappearing drainage pattern.

1
1. 3 4

2.

4
 Trellised
drainage pattern
indicated by
Dendritic
streams joining
the main stream
more or less at
right angle
Dendritic

Trellised
Trellised
drainage pattern
 1. Dendritic
drainage
1 pattern.

2. Trellised
drainage
1.
pattern

2
.
 Radial
Drainage pattern
Radial
Drainage pattern
Dendritic
drainage
pattern
Dendritic
drainage
pattern
 Radial
Radial
Drainage
pattern

Radial drainage patter

Radial drainage pattern:
The streams
flow away from the
center in all
directions.
Radial Drainage
pattern
Disappeari
ng
Drainage
Pattern
Intermittent Stream
BROKEN
GROUND
BROKEN GROUND DRY RIVER BED
Dry river bed:
Black dots in it
show
sediment
OR
load
 Settlement Pattern

Isolated Scattered Nucleated/com Linear

settlement settlement pact/ clustered settlement
pattern pattern settlement pattern
pattern
Settlement patterns
Isolated
patterns
Scattered settlement pattern
Nucleated/clu
stered/compa
ct settlement
pattern: This
is the most
common
(general)patte
rn of
settlement.
Linear
Settlement
patter:
The houses are
seen be in a
line.
Linear
Settlement
patter:
It takes the
shape of the
road, or a
canal or a
stream or a
river.
Deserted
Hut/
abandone
d house.
.

Deserted
House:
Scattered settlement pattern
Nucleated/clustered/compact settlement pattern: This is the most
common ( general)pattern of settlement.
Important Questions on topographic maps
1. What are Contour lines?
Ans: These are the imaginary lines on a map which join the places of equal altitude above the sea level.

2. What is index contours:

Ans: To make the maps easier to read, contour lines are thickened at regular intervals. These thickened contour lines are
called index contours.

3. What are Form lines?

Ans: These are broken lines between contour lines to indicate minor details. They show approximate heights above sea
level as they are used to indicate the elevations of the area which are not accessible for proper survey.

4. What do you mean by ‘fall’ in topographic maps?

It means a waterfall. If the value near the falls is 25, it means waterfall 25 m height.

5. Which is the universally accepted or used scale? What do you understand by R.F.?
Ans: R.F. stands for representative fraction. It is a ratio between the distance on a map and the actual distance on the
ground. On this map the R.F. is 1:50,000 which mean that 1 cm on the map represents 500 m on the ground, or, 1 cm
on the ground represents 0.5 km on the ground.

6. What is 'causeway'?
Ans: It is a raised Metalled road across a minor stream or low lying marshy area at a shallow point. It is used to cross the
river or stream.
7. What do you understand by 'scale' of a map?
Ans: A scale is a ratio of distance between any two points on a map to the corresponding distance between the same two
points on the actual ground. Its is of three types.
1. Verbal scale. 2. Linear scale. 3. R.F. scale (Representative Fraction). Among these all scales, the most widely
used scale is Representative Fraction.

8. What advantage does a Representative Fraction have over a verbal scale?

Ans: It has universal application as it does not use any unit and gives us the better idea between map and ground
distance.

9. What do the figures 1:50,000 printed on the map extract mean?

Ans: The figures 1:50,000 mean that one unit on the map represents 50,000 units. Example 1 cm on the map is equal
to 50,000 cm on the ground. It also means Representative Fraction.

10. What do you mean by fire line?

Ans: 'Fire Line' means a clearing or a gap or an empty space that runs through a forest area. Here trees are purposely
cut to avoid the spread of forest fire. It is often also a trench which is filled with water or sand. This is done to stop the
spread of fire in the forest and protect it.

11. What’s the value of contour interval?

It is 20 m. It is vertical distance between two consecutive contour lines.

12. What is contour interval? State its value.

Ans: Contour interval is the vertical distance between two consecutive contour lines. Its value is 20 m .
 Major Symbol/term Meaning

Motarable in dry season Cart track can be used for motor transport during
winter or summer when it is dry. It indicates seasonal
rainfall.
Annual fair An event when people gather to worship a local deity.
It suggests social gathering. They carry out there
trade, busniness and have entertainment.
Broken ground( Black Land develops crack when water gets evaporated. It
curve lines) indicates scanty or seasonal rainfall.
Black dots in river bed Sediment or load. Seen in dry river bed.

Blue line a river bed Water channel.

White patch. Barren land/Uncultivable land

Brackish. Saline/salty water. It cannot be used for agriculture.

Forestry:
Collecting
wood
Forestry: Collecting wood
Forestry as an
occupation.
The place
shaded green is
a forest where it
is done. It
includes
collecting wood,
gum honey,
fruits flowers
etc.
Forestry:
Collecting
medicinal
plants
Forestry: Collecting fruits and flowers.
 Occupation:
Forestry or
animal
.
rearing.
If green
colour is seen
in map
Forestry:
Collecting
honey
Forestry:
Collecting
gum
FORESTRY
Contour line:
The imaginary
lines drawn on
the topographic
map which join
the Join the
places of equal
altitude.

Contour
interval: The
distance
between two
consecutive
contour interval.
In India its 20 m
 Greater spacing
between Contour
lines indicates
gentle slope.
Here on the RIGHT
HAND side, the
slope is gentle.
Contour line:
Lesser spacing
between Contour
lines indicates steep
slope.
Here on the LEFT
HAND side, the
slope is steep.
Greater spacing
between Contour
lines indicates gentle
slope.

Here on the RIGHT

HAND side, the slope
is gentle.

Lesser spacing
between Contour
lines indicates steep
slope.
Here on the LEFT
HAND side, the slope
is steep.
Why is Mt. Abu a tourist destination?
Due to the presence of
1. Nakhi Talao.
2. The Crags.
3. Waterfall.
4. Sunset point.
5. Anadra point.
6. Jain temple.
7. Cave dwellings.
8. Wildlife sanctuary.
9. Rocky knobs etc.
10. Jai Vilas and
11. Limdi palace.
ANADRA POINT Mount Abu is a
famous tourist
destination as it
has The Crags,
Waterfall,
Sunset point,
Anadra Point,
Jain Temple and
Jaivilas palace
of tourist
destinations.

Anadra Point
The Crags:
Here Rock
climbing is
practiced.
The Crags: These are places of Rock Climbing, a famous
adventure sports.
Sunset at
Mt abu
Jaivilas Palace
Jaivilas Palace
Falls 7 m

Falls 7 m.
The height of waterfall
is 7 m
Nakhi
Talao
Jain
Temple
in
Mt. Abu
Jain temple in Mount Abu
Wildlife
sanctuary
near Mt. Abu
Wildlife
sanctuary near
Mt. Abu
Sunset at Mt. Abu
Representative Fraction (RF): It is the ratio between the distances on the
map to its corresponding distance on actual ground. The RF on this map
is 1:50,000.

2. Scale : Scale is the ratio between the distance of any two points on
the map and the actual distance of the same points on the ground.
The scale of the given map extract is 2 cm: 1 km or 1:50,000.

3. Contour: Contours are imaginary lines drawn on maps, joining all

places with the same height above sea level.

4. Contour interval: The vertical distance between two consecutive

contours is called contour interval (*it is a constant 20 mts in your
toposheet.)
5. Index contour: Contour lines are thickened at regular intervals to
make it easier to read contours. For example at every 100 mts the
contour line is made darker. The darker lines are called Index
Contours.

6. Triangulated height: It is the height of a place which has been

calculated using trigonometry, represented by a small triangle e.g. -
Δ540

7. Spot height: The height of random places between contours shown

with a dot. Eg - .425

8. Bench Mark - Height of a place actually marked on a stone pillar, rock or

shown on a building as a permanent reference. It is written as BM 200 m.
9. RELATIVE HEIGHT: Relative height is the height of a feature with reference to
the height of the surrounding land and NOT to sea level.
It is represented by the height with a small ‘r’ eg –12r.

10. ROCK OUTCROP: It is a portion of rock jutting above the surface of the
earth.

11. SHEET ROCK: Large areas of rock where the overlying soil layers have been
eroded and removed due to mechanical weathering.

12: STONY WASTE : A large area usually in arid/semi arid regions where the
finer sand/soil has blown away leaving a surface covered with boulders, stones
and pebbles.

13. OPEN JUNGLE: A forest where trees are widely scattered.

14. DENSE JUNGLE. : A forest where trees grow very close to each other.
17. CAUSEWAY: It is a raised road over a seasonal stream or
river. (Usually a road used only in the non rainy months.

18. EMBANKMENT: They are raised rock or soil filled

constructions on which roads/railway tracks are built. Also
made near tanks and rivers to prevent flooding.

19. FORM LINES: Form lines are contour lines, but show only
approximate heights above sea level as they are used to indicate
the elevations of the area which are not accessible for proper
survey. Hence they are drawn as broken lines and are called
'form lines’.

20. FC : These are alphabetical codes used to represent the

biggest grid sq. of 10,000 square kms. That is 100 eastings and
100 northings
Calculating the direct distance

The scale of the map: 2 cm = 1km

The distance between two towns on a
map is 6 cm:
Therefore 6cm/2= 3 km on ground.
Open mixed jungle is the forest where trees of two or more are
widely scattered.

Fairly dense jungles has trees quite close to each other and more
than one kind of trees are found.

Dense jungles has trees very close to each other and many kinds
of trees are found.

A water divide is a ridge which separates

the tributaries draining towards one side
of it from those drawing towards the other.
A watershed is never half way up a slope
and on the two sides of it, the slope must
be opposite and downwards
Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning
Tehsil Boundary Bench Mark(
geodetic)
Sheet rock Rocks are found in Perennial Canal
layer.
Approximate altitude Plateau

Spot height. Hillock/ knoll/

small hill
Triangulated height of 200 A conical hill
m

Contour line of 180 m A saddle or a col

A surveyed tree at height of Tertiary bench

180 m. mark 0f 63.3 m
Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning

Temporary hut/house Form lines: They

connect the places of
approximately equal
altitude
Permanent hut/house Dry tank

Temple Dry tank with

embankment of
relative height 3 m
Unlined well 20 is stone/ distance
stone

Perennial lined well Annual fair A place of social

gathering, trade,
entertainment
Well water is salty. It Triangulated height of
cannot be used for 324 m is found with
drinking or irrigation. trigonometric ratio.
Falls 7 m Waterfall of height 7 Bench mark of 226 m.
Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning

Church Tourist Place

Temple Camping Ground

Chhatri: A
symbol to show Broken Ground
house of royal
people.
Mosque Wooded/Jungle/
Forest
Idgah Approximate
height
Dispensary. A Perennial
primary health Lined well
center.
 A geodetic survey of a region
BENCH MARKS
accounts for the curvature of the
Earth and even variations in this
curvature while making routes

Tertiary Bench mark. These are

reference points whose elevations are
randomly assumed.

Perennial canal at the altitude of 63 m

Explain the terms:
Sluice: A sliding gate for controlling the flow of water.

Double carriage: A road with a dividing strip between the traffic in opposite
directions and usually two or more lanes in each direction.

A pylon: It is a tower like a structure generally used to carry heavy electrical

energy. These are high voltage wires.

Rest House/ IB is a kind of hotel or lodge. Many organization keep the guest
house, which is for public representatives for free.

Circuit house: A place for collecting tax during British era.

Rock Outcrop: It’s a part of the submerged rock seen above the ground.
Refer to the Toposheet
map extract eastings 21
to 30 and northings 86
to 96 and answer the
questions based on it.
Refer to the Toposheet map extract eastings 21 to 30 and northings 86 to
96 and answer the questions based on it.
a. Give the
i. Six figure grid reference of rest house.
277923
i. Four figure reference of confluence of River Banas and its northern tributary.
2494
b. What does the following mean?
i. White patch in 2595.
Barren land.
ii. Siphon in 2391.
Bent pipe taken from a canal/aqueduct for supplying water.
c. Give the direction of
i. Kheda from Dantewada.
SW
ii. Embankment from the stone query. Ans: NE
d. Calculate the distance a bird will have to fly when it takes off from Sikariya to Bhakar.
Ans:
e. What type of
i. Metaled roads are seen in this map extract?
State highway and district roads.
ii. Power line seen in this map extract?
Surveyed pylon and unsuryeyed power lines.
f. Calculate the area of the ground enclosed by the 24 to 28 eastings and 91 to 95 northings.
L= 28-24= 4m,
Breadth= 95-91= 4 km
Area= L x B= 4 x 4= 16 sq.km.
g. i. What is the
i. Main source of water for Kheda?
Covered tank.
ii. Need for causeway in 2492?
To cross the stream when it is flooded.
h. What is the
i. Main Occupation in 2494?
Agriculture as there is yellow shade.
ii. In grid 2195.
Forestry/animal rearing.
I . This area experiences hot and dry climate with seasonal rainfall. Support this statement
with four evidences from the map.
The main river and all streams are dry, there are sand dunes in the southernpart,
broken ground (2594) and barren land (2595, 2895)

j. Which is the most important settlement and type of settlement here?

Ans: Dantiwada is the most important settlement and nucleated settlement pattern is
the most important pattern here.

k. In which direction does the main river flow? Justify.

Ans: It flows in the west direction. The arrow in grid no. 2193 and the spot height is
decreasing from east (247 m in grid 3095) to 144 m in 2292.
l. Draw the symbols of dry tank and temple.

Dry Tank: Temple:

M: What does the following mean?

i. Black vertical line between 25 and 26 easting: It is a line of longitude.
ii. Aqueduct;
It is small artificial water channel that supplies water from a waterbody like a
dam.
Refer to extract of the
Toposheet G43 S10
(eastings 62 to 72 and
northings 19 to 29)
and answer the
questions based on it.
Refer to extract of the Toposheet G43 S10 (eastings 62 to 72 and northings 19 to 29) and
answer the questions based on it.
A. Give the i. Meaning of Reserve Forest.
Reserve forests are the most restricted forests and are constituted by the State Government on
any forest land or wasteland which is the property of the Government. In reserved forests,
local people are prohibited, unless specifically allowed by a Forest Officer in the course of the
settlement.
ii. Four figure reference of Educational Center.
Ans: 6919 St. Mary’s School.
B. What does the following mean?
i. Rocky knob in 6826.
It is a protruding part of a rock overlooking a valley.
ii. 6r in 6827.
Relative height of embankment is 6 m.
C. i. What does fire line in 6827 mean? State its importance.
Fire line is a cleared patch of the forest where trees are purposely cut to stop the spread of
fire.
ii. Which is the second most important town in this map extract? Anadra.
D. Which is the most important roadway here? Which two settlements it connect to?
The national highway that connects Anadra and Mohabbatgarh.

E. What suggests that Mt. Abu is a tourist center? What symbol is used to show it?
Ans: There are many tourist attractions such as sunset point, Nakhi Talao for boating, the crags,
the waterfall, Jaivilas palace, ancient caves etc. The symbols used is (Blue)

F. Which natural vegetation are found here? Give four figure reference of them.
Ans: Fairly dense mixed jungle with bamboo in 6827/ 6927/ 6928 etc.
Open scrub 6425/6525 etc.

G. i. What type of drainage pattern is seen in grid square 6926:

Radial.
ii. Name the settlement pattern found in 6328.
Nucleated.
H. What is the i. The reason for the less economic development in NE part of the map?
Because it’s a highly mountainous and forested region.
ii. In 6526, what type of mode of transport is seen?
Pack track.
I. i. Calculate the difference between the highest point in the map and the altitude in 6224? 1426- 290= 1136 m.
ii. Draw the symbol for dispensary. (Red colour)

J. What type of climate is experienced here? Justify.

Ans: Hot and dry climate with moderate and seasonal rainfall.
Reasons: All the streams are dry. There is barren land (6325), lot of dry tanks ( 6223) and broken ground (6323)
also.

K. What are the possible occupations here?

Ans: Tourism ( Mt. Abu), agriculture as yellow shade is seen, forestry and animal rearing as wooded/forest area is
seen, working for civic facilities as police station, hospitals, post office etc are seen at many places.

L: State the fastest means of communication, and transport in this region. Justify.
Ans: Communication: Telephone and mobile phones because we see tower in this map extract.
Fastest mode of transport is by national highway connecting Anadra and Mohabbatgarh.

m. What are PWD and CPWD?

Ans: The Public Works Department is a government department that is responsible for buildings, roads, irrigation
and railway
CPWD, Central Public Work Dept., looks after design, construction of Embassy and other buildings / projects abroad,
Defense / Security related works assigned by the government and maintenance of Central Government
62-72, Northings 29-39 & answer
the following questions:
Study the Survey of India Map Sheet No: G43S10- Eastings 62-72, Northings
27-37 & answer the following questions:
a. i) What is the six figure grid reference of the 331?
Ans: 656347
ii) What is the four figure grid reference of Pithapura settlement?
Ans: 6633.

b. What is the direction of flow of Sipu Nadi? On which bank of Sipu Nadi
Gulabganj settlement is situated?
Ans: It flows in SW direction. Gulabganj is located on its left bank.

c. State the importance of the following: i) Sluice ii) Fire line.

Sluice: It’s a gate that controls or regulates the flow of water in a canal or
aqueduct.
Fire line stops the spread of fire in the forest.
d. State the meaning of the following:
i. 21r written in the grid square 6536.
Ans: Its relative depth 21 m of perennial lined well
ii. Brackish in the grid square 6232.
Ans: The well water is salty. It cannot be used for cooking and irrigation but only for washing.

e. i) Which are the different types of Metalled roads found in the map extract?
Ans: The national highway and district roads.
ii) What’s the social activity in this region? Where it occurs?
Ans: Gathering for fair in March in Pamera.

f. What according to you is the main occupation in the south eastern part of the map extract?
Give i. reason to justify your statement.
Ans: Animal rearing and forestry. It can be done there as there is protected forest in 6826 but
not in Reserve Forest.
ii. Make difference between the drainage pattern found in the grid square 6729 & 7128.
Ans: 6729: Radial. 7128: Dendritic.
g. i) what does the brown line in the grid square 6629 indicate?
Ans: It is a contour line.
ii) What is the value of this line?
300 m
h. State two manmade & two natural feature in the grid square 6729.
Ans: Man made: Causeway and Metalled road.
Natural: Forest and dry streams
j) What is the main source of irrigation in Sanwara settlement? Give a reason for
your answer.
Ans: Perennial lined wells which are marked with blue dots and as other sources
are not seen.
K: What facilities are available near Wahan/Sirori?
Ans: Hospitals, veterinary hospitals, Metalled roads, Post office, electricity
supply, water supply through aqueduct etc.
Blessings in the Name of the Lord and
Saviour Jesus Christ.
Thank you

Sanjeev Padvi, Nasik, Maharashtra

9881315725