Discrete Random Variable Distributions

Binomial Distribution
Defination :
A binomial distribution can be thought of as simply the probability of a SUCCESS
or FAILURE outcome in an experiment or survey that is repeated multiple times.
The binomial is a type of distribution that has two possible outcomes (the prefix
“bi” means two, or twice).
For example, a coin toss has only two possible outcomes: heads or tails and taking
a test could have two possible outcomes: pass or fail.
Formula :

Expectation :
since the x = 0 term vanishes. Let y = x−1 and m = n−1. Subbing x = y+1 and n =
m+1 into the last sum (and using the fact that the limits x = 1 and x = n correspond
to y = 0 and y = n − 1 = m, respectively

The binomial theorem says that

Setting a = p and b = 1 –p

So that
E(X) = np

Application Area :
Many instances of binomial distributions can be found in real life.
For example, if a new drug is introduced to cure a disease, it either cures the
disease (it’s successful) or it doesn’t cure the disease (it’s a failure). If you
purchase a lottery ticket, you’re either going to win money, or you aren’t.
Basically, anything you can think of that can only be a success or a failure can be
represented by a binomial distribution.

Poisson Distribution

Defination :
The Poisson distribution is the limiting case of the binomial distribution where
p => 0 and n => ∞.
A Poisson distribution is a tool that helps to predict the probability of certain
events from happening when you know how often the event has occurred. It
gives us the probability of a given number of events happening in a fixed interval
of time.

Formula :
Expectation :

the expectation of poisson distribution is λ

Application Area :
Number of road accident is a Example of poisson distribution. In this case the
number of trial is rare.
Also Number of printing mistake is another example of poisson distribution. Here
also the number of trial is rare.
Number of telephone calls received at switch board per minute.
Number of machine breaking down during any one day
 Geometric Distribution

Definition :
The geometric distribution represents the number of failures before you get a
success in a series of Bernoulli trials. This discrete probability distribution is
represented by the probability density function:
f(x) = (1 − p)x − 1p
here X = 1,2,3……
EXPECTATION :
∞

E(x) = ∑ x(1 − 𝑝) 𝑥−1 × 𝑃

x=1
∞

= ∑ 𝑃 x(1 − 𝑝)𝑥−1
x=1

𝑃
=
(1 − (1 − 𝑃))2
𝑃
=
𝑃2
= 1/𝑃
The Expection of geometric distribution is 1/P

Application Area :
If I had to ask 3 people, then X=3; if i had to ask 4 people, then X=4 and so on. In
other words, there would be X-1 failures before i get your success.
If X=n, it means i succeeded on the nth try and failed for n-1 tries.
The probability of failing on your first try is 1-p. For example, if p = 0.2 then my
probability of success is 0.2 and my probability of failure is 1 – 0.2 = 0.8.
Independence (i.e. that the outcome of one trial does not affect the next) means
that i can multiply the probabilities together. So the probability of failing on my
second try is (1-p)(1-p) and my probability of failing on the nth-1 tries is (1-p)n-1. If
i succeeded on your 4th try, n = 4, n – 1 = 3, so the probability of failing up to that
point is (1-p)(1-p)(1-p) = (1-p)3.
Example ,
Throwing dice , finding something like as go to shop find something until get
success.

The End