MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2011

PHYSICS

Time Allowed: Three Hours

(An extra ten minutes is allowed for reading this paper.)

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Write all your answers in the Answer Book provided.

2. Write your Index Number on the front page and inside the back flap of the Answer Book.

3. If you require more paper, ask the supervisor for extra sheets. Tie these inside the Answer
Book at the appropriate places.

4. You may use a calculator, provided it is silent, battery-operated and non-programmable.

5. There are two sections in the paper. Section A and Questions 1 to 6 of Section B are
compulsory. Note the choices in Question 7 of Section B.

Note : Formulae and Physical Data which may be useful during the examination are given
on page 2.

SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS

Section Guidelines Total Suggested

Mark Time

A There are twenty-eight multiple-choice questions. 28 50 minutes

All the questions are compulsory.

B There are seven questions.

Questions 1 to 6 are compulsory. 72 130 minutes
Question 7 has four options. Answer only one option.

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, REPUBLIC OF THE FIJI ISLANDS, 2011.

 2.

SOME COMMON PHYSICS FORMULAE

1. s = v i t + ½ at² 16. H = mc∆t 27. Q = It = ne

1
2. v f = v i + at 17. T = f 28. F = BIl

3. v f ² = v i ² + 2as 18. v = fλ 29. V = Bvl

2π R
4. v = Error! Bookmark not defined. 19. Si So = f ²
T
30. V = IR

ν2 1 1 1
5. a = 20. f = u +v 31. P = VI
R

4π2R Sinθ1 ν1 λ1 n 2
6. a = 21. = = = 32. F = Bvq
T 2 Sinθ2 ν 2 λ 2 n1

dx
7. F = ma 22. p.d = dsin θ = nλ = 33. hf = Ek + φ
L

8. p = mv 23. PV = kT 34. P = ρgh

9. F∆t = m∆v 24. F = Eq

Gm1m 2
10. F = 25. W = Eqd
r2

W
11. Ek = ½mv² 26. V = q

12. Ep = mgh

13. Ep = ½kx² In the examination, use the following :

14. W = Fd g = 10 N/kg = 10 m/s2

W
15. P = t Electronic charge, e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
Electronic mass, m = 9.1 x 10-31 kg

Speed of light, c = 3 x 108 m/s

Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js

Mass of proton = 1.67 x 10-27 kg

Gravitational constant, G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

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SECTION A [28 marks]

The multiple-choice questions in this section are all compulsory.

Each question is worth 1 mark.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In your Answer Book, circle the letter which represents the best answer. If you
change your mind, put a line through your first choice and circle the letter of your
next choice.

For example: 8 A B C D

2. If you change your mind again and like your first answer better, put a line through
your second circle and tick () your first answer.

For example: 8 A B C D


3. No mark will be given if you circle more than one letter for a question.

1. The diagram given below illustrates a common type of error in reading measurements.

correct wrong

wrong

25.5 25.6 25.7

25 26
Ruler

Which of the following types of errors is being illustrated above?

A. Parallax error
B. Random error
C. Systematic error
D. Calibration error

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 4.

2. Which instrument is most easily used to measure the internal diameter of a wedding ring?
A. measuring tape
B. vernier calliper
C. micrometer
D. meter rule

3. A group of physics students conducted an experiment to determine the relationship between

the period of a pendulum and its length. After collecting information about the length and
period, they plotted the following graph.

Graph of Period vs Length

3.5
3
2.5
Period (s)

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Length (m)

What conclusion can the students make from this graph?

A. the length and period are directly proportional
B. the length and period are inversely proportional
C. the length and period are indirectly proportional
D. the length and period are independent of each other

4. An object of weight 20.0 N is attached to a string. It is held aside by a horizontal force F to

make an angle of 30° to the vertical as shown in the diagram.

30° T

20.0 N
The magnitude of the tension T in the string is
A. 8.66 N
B. 20.0 N
C. 23.1 N
D. 40.0 N
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
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5. Which of the following statements is Newton’s third law of motion?

A. Every force causes a reaction.

B. To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
C. The forces acting on a body are always equal and opposite.
D. If there is no resultant force on a body then there is no acceleration.

6. A group of physics students attached a ticker timer tape to a toy remote controlled car.
Part of the tape was taken for analysis and is shown below.

0.0 s 0.1 s 0.2 s 0.3 s

Which of the displacement - time graphs shown below best represents this section of the
tape?

A. displacement (m) B. displacement (m)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
time (s) time (s)

C. displacement (m) D. displacement (m)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
time (s) time (s)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
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7. A person standing at the top of a cliff throws a stone as shown in the diagram below.

Which form of energy does the stone have at X and Y?

Energy at X Energy at Y
A. Gravitational only Kinetic only
B. Kinetic only Gravitational only
C. Gravitational only Gravitational and Kinetic
D. Gravitational and Kinetic Gravitational and Kinetic

8. A ball of mass 1.0 kg moving at a speed of 12.0 m/s strikes a second ball of mass 1.5 kg
which is at rest as shown in the diagram. After the collision, the 1.0 kg mass moves at
right angles to its original direction of motion with a speed of 5.0 m/s.

Before collision After collision

5.0 m/s

12.0 m/s at rest

1.0 kg
1.5 kg

What is the magnitude of the momentum for the 1.5 kg ball after collision?
A. 0 kgm/s
B. 7 kgm/s
C. 12 kgm/s
D. 13 kgm/s

9. Renewable energy cannot be exhausted and are non-polluting. Which of the following is
not a renewable energy source?
A. Geothermal energy
B. Nuclear energy
C. Wind energy
D. Biomass

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

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10. A mercury manometer is used to measure the pressure of the gas inside gas cylinders
A, B, C, and D. Which gas cylinder has the greatest pressure?

A. B. C. D.
Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder Cylinder
A B C D

11. A thermometer with no scale is taped to a ruler as shown on the right. cm

28 ruler
When placed in steam, the mercury level rises to 24 cm. 26
24
When placed in pure melting ice, the mercury level falls to 4 cm. 22 thermometer
20
Which temperature is shown by the mercury level in the diagram? 18
16
14
A. 30 °C 12
10
B. 20 °C 8
C. 10 °C 6
4
D. 6 °C 2
0

12. A suspension of pollen grains in water is observed under a microscope. The pollen grains
are seen to be moving all the time.

Which of the diagrams below illustrates this motion?

A. B.

C. D.

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 8.

13. The diagram on the right shows a beaker of water at

room temperature.
Y water
How could a convectional current be set up in the
water at points X and Y?

A. stir the water at X X

B. stir the water at Y
C. cool the water at point X
D. cool the water at point Y

14. While building the foundation of a house, concrete is reinforced with metal rods.
A builder goes out to buy the metal rods from a hardware store. The table below
shows the price list with specifications for the items of interest.

Specifications
Materials Price
(for linear expansion)
Concrete $10 per bag 0.000011 per Kelvin
Iron $1 per rod 0.000012 per Kelvin
Brass $0.50 per rod 0.000019 per Kelvin
Steel $0.90 per rod 0.000011 per Kelvin
Aluminum $1.50 per rod 0.000026 per Kelvin

Which of the metal rods in the table above should the builder buy to reinforce the concrete
foundation?
A. Iron
B. Brass
C. Steel
D. Aluminium

15. The diagram shows a student watching a candle through the reflection of a plane mirror.
3m 2m

Candle
Student
plane mirror
How far is the student from the image of the candle?
A. 2m
B. 3m
C. 5m
D. 8m
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
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16. An object 5.0 cm high is placed 2.0 cm from a converging (convex) lens which is being
used as a magnifying glass.

The image produced is 6.0 cm from the lens and is 15 cm high.

cm
15

10

cm
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
image object

converging lens
What is the focal length of the lens?

A. 2.0 cm
B. 3.0 cm
C. 4.0 cm
D. 6.0 cm

17. The diagram below illustrates a glass marble rolling down two sloping surfaces at an angle.
The two sloping surfaces represent two different gravitational fields. The path taken by the
marble as it rolls down represents the refraction of particles at a gravitational boundary.

glass marble

Which statement about refraction of particles at a gravitational boundary is correct?

A. Particles bend towards the normal as they speed up.

B. Particles bend towards the normal as they slow down.
C. Particles bend away from the normal as they speed up.
D. Particles go straight through without bending as they speed up.

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 10.

18. The diagram represents some of the main parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

1 infra-red 2 3 x-rays 4

Which of the following correctly represents the numbered parts?

1 2 3 4
A. Radio waves Ultraviolet Visible light Gamma rays
B. Radio waves Visible light Ultraviolet Gamma rays
C. Visible light Ultraviolet Gamma-rays Radio waves
D. Visible light Ultraviolet Radio waves Gamma Rays

19. A surf-board moves at a speed of 4 m/s on the crest of a wave. The distance between wave
crests is 8 m. What is the frequency of the wave motion?
A. 0.5 Hz
B. 2 Hz
C. 5 Hz
D. 10 Hz

20. Which of the following is an example of a transverse and a longitudinal wave?

Transverse Wave Longitudinal Wave

A. Light waves Water waves
B. Radio waves Sound waves
C. Sound waves Light waves
D. Water waves Radio waves

21. A group of students decided to measure the speed of sound in air. They used the echo from
their school building by standing 80 m away. One student clapped and another student
measured the time it took to receive an echo. If the speed of sound is approximately 340
m/s, they would expect to hear the echo 0.47 s later. After several attempts, they discovered
that it was difficult to record a time of 0.47 s because it was too fast to record accurately.

Which of these methods could best improve the accuracy of the time recorded?
A. Repeat with several trials and find the average time because it’s a statistically
sound idea.
B. One student is to clap and also record the time because reaction time can be
improved this way.
C. Record the time interval of several claps with each successive clap to coincide with
the echo of the previous clap.
D. Keep trying till a time of 0.47 s is achieved and ignore all readings that are far
from the expected time.

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

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22. The diagram below shows a positively charged conductor.

X
Y

W Z

Positively charged conductor

Which point of this conductor will have the largest concentration of positive charges?

A. point W
B. point X
C. point Y
D. point Z

23. The figure below shows a 500 N/C uniform electric field. The distance between points
A and B is 2.0 m while the distance between points B and C is 1.0 m.

Electric Field, E
C 500 N/C
1.0 m

B A

2.0 m

Which of the following best describes the potential difference between the points
A, B and C?

Potential Difference between Potential Difference between

A and B B and C
A. 1 000 V 0V
B. 1 000 V 500 V
C. 500 V 0V
D. 500 V 1 000 V

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 12.

24. A person uses a 2.0 kW electric iron for 0.5 hours and a 0.1 kW television for 10 hours.
What is the total cost of electricity used if the price of electrical energy is 35 cents per
kilowatt-hour?

A. 17.5 cents
B. 35 cents
C. 70 cents
D. 140 cents

25. Which diagram correctly shows the electric field between two equally charged spheres?

A. B.

C. D.

26. Which of the following is an example of induced magnetism?

A. the coil of a motor turning in a magnetic field

B. a north pole repelling a north pole
C. a compass needle pointing north
D. a north pole attracting iron nails

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

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27. The diagram shows an alarm system in which the switch, S, is closed.

iron core

iron
pivot metal

Bell

What happens when the switch S is opened?

Iron Bell
A. Moves Down Rings
B. Moves Down Stops Ringing
C. Moves Up Rings
D. Moves Up Stops Ringing

28. A simple D.C. Motor is made. By mistake, the split ring commutator is left out as shown in
the diagram below.
axis

N S

The coil can turn, but is always connected to the battery in the same way. The coil starts in
the horizontal position.

What happens to the coil when the circuit is switched on?

A. It does not move at all.
B. It moves upwards, out of the magnetic field.
C. It turns to the vertical position and eventually stops there.
D. It turns to the vertical position then comes back to the horizontal position.

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 14.

SECTION B [72 marks]

There are seven questions in this section. Questions 1 to 6 are all compulsory and are worth
10 marks each. Question 7 has four options. Answer only one option. Question 7 is worth 12
marks.

QUESTION 1
(a) (i) Use the diagram given below to answer the question. Which part of the
micrometer screw gauge is used to tighten it?

Avnil Spindle Sleeve Thimble Ratchet

0 5 15
10
5

Frame

(1 mark)
(ii) If a student recorded a zero error of 0.12 mm and length reading of
5.61 mm using the same micrometer, what is the true value of the length
being measured? (1 mark)
(b) (i) Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word in your Answer Book.
An aeroplane is kept up in the air because of the Bernoulli Effect on its
aerofoil designed wing. A plane stays up in the air because the pressure
on top of the wing is 1 than the pressure on
the bottom of the wing. This is caused by 2 moving
air on top of the wing. (1 mark)
(ii) The figure below shows the cross-section of an aerofoil designed to
generate an upward force through the Bernoulli Effect when moving to
the left at high speed.

Draw the cross-section of the aerofoil in the Answer Book that would
generate a downward force through the Bernoulli Effect while moving
left at high speed. (1 mark)
(c) An oil drop of mass 5.20 x 10–10 kg is suspended between two parallel plates.
The electric field between the plates is 520 N/C downwards.
(i) Explain why the charge on the oil drop is negative. (1 mark)
(ii) Determine the magnitude of charge on the oil drop. (1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

 15.

(d) (i) The diagram below shows a spring connected to either a fixed end or a
free end.

pulse reflected pulse

The end is covered and currently unknown to the observer.

A pulse is sent towards the end and a reflected pulse returns with the
same phase as the original pulse.

What type of end is the spring connected to? (1 mark)

(ii) A pulse and a reflected pulse are currently 4 cm from each other and
travel at the same speed of 2 cm/s. Sketch the pulses 1 second later in
the space provided in the Answer Book. (Diagram not drawn to scale.)

pulse reflected pulse

2 cm/s 2 cm/s

4 cm
(1 mark)

(e) The diagram below shows the path of a positron as it enters a uniform magnetic
field at a speed of 2.5 x 107 m/s.

positron
+1.6 x 10-19 C

The magnetic field is going into the page with strength 0.071 T. A positron has
the same mass as an electron 9.1 x 10-31 kg but carries a positive charge of
1.6 x 10-19 C. The magnetic field lines are equally spaced at 1 mm apart.

(i) Calculate the force on the positron due to the magnetic field. (1 mark)

(ii) Draw the path of an electron traveling into the same magnetic field
with twice the speed, in the space provided in the Answer Book. (1 mark)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 16.

SECTION B (continued)

QUESTION 2
(a) An aircraft has a constant horizontal speed of 100 m/s relative to the wind.
The pilot wants to fly directly east, but there is a wind blowing from the north
with a speed of 40 m/s.
(i) Draw a labelled vector diagram showing the direction in which the pilot
must point the aircraft to actually fly east in the wind. Use the space
provided in the Answer Book. (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the angle at which the aircraft must fly to actually travel east. (1 mark)
(iii) Calculate the velocity of the plane relative to the ground. (1 mark)

(b) The diagram below shows a man weighing 860 N sitting on a see-saw 1.5 m from
its point of balance. He is balanced by a boy and a girl sitting on the other side.
The girl, who weighs 350 N, is 1.0 m from the pivot and the boy of weight 400 N
is behind the girl.
man girl boy

1.5 m B 1.0 m d

350 N
860 N 400 N

What distance, d, behind the girl should the boy sit in order to balance the
see-saw? (Assume see-saw beam is of negligible mass) (2 marks)

(c) Two blocks connected by a light inextensible cord passing over a small
frictionless pulley rest on frictionless planes as shown in the diagram below.

20 kg
10 kg

50º 30º
What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the blocks when released
from rest? (2 marks)

(d) A car, starting from rest, travels in a straight line by uniformly accelerating at
4 m/s2 for 10 s followed by a constant speed for a further 20 s, and finally it
decelerates at a constant rate of 2 m/s2 until it comes to rest.
(i) Draw a velocity - time graph for this motion. (1½ marks)
(ii) Calculate the total distance travelled by the car. (1½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

 17.

QUESTION 3

(a) An athlete wishes to break the current long jump world record of 8.95 m by
jumping 9.0 m. To do this, the athlete applies simple projectile motion to find
requirements to achieve this task. Currently, the athlete is able to accelerate
from rest and reach a steady horizontal speed of 10 m/s.

vi

10 m/s
9.0 m

(i) How long should the athlete stay in the air after a jump? (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the athlete’s initial vertical velocity, vi, to achieve this task. (1 mark)

(b) A mass is swung in a horizontal circle of radius 0.80 m.

(i) State the direction of force acting on the mass as it moves in a circle. (½ mark)
(ii) Calculate the velocity of the mass if 10 complete swings took
8 seconds. (1½ marks)

(c) In the diagram below, a bullet of mass 0.010 kg strikes and embeds itself in
a block which has a spring attached to it. The mass of the block is 1.990 kg
and is at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. The spring has a spring
constant of 200 N/m. After being hit by the bullet, the block compresses the
spring by 0.10 m.

Before Impact After Impact

Block Block and Bullet Block and Bullet

at rest v at rest
Bullet

0.010 kg
1.990 kg
0.10 m compression
(i) Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the spring by the block
and bullet after impact. (1 mark)
(ii) Use the principle of conservation of energy to find the speed, v, of the
block and bullet immediately after impact, before they compress the
spring. (2 marks)
(iii) Find the speed of the bullet just before it hits the block. (2 marks)

(d) Boyle’s Law relates the Pressure and Volume of a given mass of gas.
State Boyle’s Law. (1 mark)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 18.

SECTION B (continued)

QUESTION 4
(a) The graph below shows the temperature changes of an ideal substance while
being heated.
T (°C)
B

t (s)
(i) Describe the substance at points A and B. (1 mark)
(ii) Describe what is happening to the average speed of the molecules
from A to B. (1 mark)

(b) A car tyre, of volume 250 cm3 is filled to an absolute pressure of 280 kPa at
27 ºC. After driving some distance, the temperature of the air inside the tyre
rises to 57 ºC. Assume that the pressure inside the tyre remains the same.
(i) Convert 27 ºC into Kelvin. (1 mark)
(ii) What will be the new volume of the tyre? (1 mark)

(c) In a Form 6 Physics experiment, a 100 g piece of metal is placed in boiling water
at 100 °C for about 5 minutes. It is taken out and dropped into 100 g of water
at 20 °C. The maximum final temperature of the mixture is 26.6 °C. The
specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J/g°C

string

mass
Thermometer
100 g

Boiling water
100 °C Water
100 g
Flame

Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal. (2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

 19.

(d) Kalesi uses a convex mirror to look at herself. The focal point is at f and the
centre of curvature is at C. Line P represents the plane of the mirror.
(Diagram not drawn to scale)

Kalesi f C

convex mirror

Draw three appropriate rays on the diagram in the Answer Book to show
where her image would be formed if she stood where the arrow is currently
located. Use the arrow to represent Kalesi. (1½ marks)

(e) Neelam noticed a puddle of water with oil floating on top. The diagram below
shows a ray of light travelling from air as it meets the air-oil interface.

40°
Air n = 1.00

Oil n = 1.50

Water n = 1.33

(i) Complete the path of the ray of light in the diagram provided in the
Answer Book to show what happens to the ray as it enters the oil, and
then the water. (1 mark)

(ii) The ray of light meets the air-oil interface at an angle of incidence of
40°, as shown above. Calculate the angle of refraction when the ray
goes into the water. (1½ marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 20.

SECTION B (continued)

QUESTION 5

(a) A ripple tank is used to demonstrate the properties of water waves. The diagram
below shows a wavefront, AB, approaching a straight solid barrier at 1 cm/s.

Solid Barrier

Wavefront

8 cm x 8 cm
grid

(i) Draw the reflected pulse after 6 seconds, in the diagram provided in
the Answer Book. Label the reflected pulse as A' and B'. (1 mark)

(ii) Draw an arrow through the reflected pulse to indicate its direction of
propagation. (1 mark)

(b) The diagram below shows a set of straight ripples in a tank. They come
from a wave generator that can be placed on the left or the right of the ripple
tank. A flat glass plate rests in the middle of the tank and makes the water
above the plate shallower.
Tank

(i) Which side of the tank is the wave generator located? (1 mark)

(ii) As the waves pass over the shallow part, state what, if anything happens
to the wave speed and frequency. (1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

 21.

(c) The interference fringe pattern formed on a screen in a Young’s Double Slit
experiment is shown in the figure below.

3.0 mm
The screen is located 2.0 m from the double slit. The slits are separated by a
distance of 1.0 mm.
(i) Calculate the wavelength of the light. (2 marks)
(ii) What would happen to the interference fringe pattern if the slits were
moved closer to the screen? (1 mark)
(iii) Why does this experiment support the wave model of light rather than
the particle model? (1 mark)

(d) List the four steps required to negatively charge an electroscope by induction. (2 marks)

QUESTION 6
(a) An electron of charge 1.6 x 10-19 C passes through the deflecting plates of a
cathode ray tube.
(i) The deflecting plates are maintained at a voltage of 45 V, and are
8.0 mm apart. Calculate the electric field strength between the plates. (1 mark)
(ii) The charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C. Calculate the electric force
on an electron between the plates. (1 mark)

(b) Jessica has a battery-operated CD player that she wants to connect to her car
battery. The voltage of her car battery is 12.0 V and her CD player is marked
“4.5 V, 30 mA”. She knows that she cannot connect it directly to the car battery,
so she decides to connect it in a circuit with a switch initially open as shown in the
diagram below.
12 V

187.5 Ω

CD

player

(i) Calculate the resistance of the CD player. (1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the voltage across the 187.5 Ω resistor if the CD player has
the correct voltage across it when the switch is closed. (1 mark)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 22.

SECTION B (continued)

(c) A metal rod, AB, is connected to a battery, and placed between the poles of two
magnets, as shown in the diagram below.

A
N S

(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram in the Answer Book to show the
direction of the magnetic field produced by the magnet. (½ mark)
(ii) Use one of the terms: “left, right, up, down, into the page, out of the
page”, to identify the direction of the magnetic force on the rod. (1 mark)
(iii) Calculate the size of the magnetic force experienced by the rod, using
the information given below:

• Strength of the magnetic field = 1.50 T

• Current = 4.25 A
• Length of rod in the field = 10.0 cm
Write your answer to the correct number of significant figures. (2 marks)

(d) An A.C. generator is essentially a coil of wire that spins between a pair of
magnets as shown in the diagram.
12 m/s

S N S N

The coil is 8.5 cm long and 5.5 cm wide. The magnetic field strength is 0.080 T.
The speed of the coil is 12 m/s.
(i) Calculate the output voltage of the coil when it is in the position shown. (1½ marks)
(ii) Determine the size of the voltage a quarter of a cycle later.
Explain your answer. (1 mark)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 23.

QUESTION 7

There are four options in this question. Choose only one option and answer all the questions
in that option.

EITHER

OPTION I HOUSEHOLD PHYSICS

(a) The small village generator generates 24 kW of electrical power and transmits it
at a voltage of 240 V to 15 houses. The total resistance in the power lines is 0.5 Ω.

(i) Calculate the current travelling through the power lines. (1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the power lost in the power lines. (1 mark)

(iii) What could be done to reduce the power lost through the power lines? (1 mark)

(iv) To use the 240 V on a 12 V electrical appliance a transformer is needed.

Calculate the number of turns needed in the secondary coil if 5 000 turns
are used in the primary coil. (1 mark)

(b) An electric iron has heating elements that are made from nichrome wire.

(i) Why is nichrome wire used as a heating element? (1 mark)

The electric iron has the following settings: off, low, medium, high

Select the correct setting that matches each circuit (ii) – (iv) given below.

(ii) (iii)
Heating Heating
Switch Elements Switch Elements
Live Wire Live Wire
Neutral Wire Neutral Wire

(iv)
Heating
Switch
Elements
Live Wire
Neutral Wire

(3 marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
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SECTION B (continued)

(c) A bulb is marked 240 V 60 W.

(i) How many bulbs can be connected to a 240 V supply through a 5 A fuse? (2 marks)
(ii) Re-draw the diagram below to include a switch and a fuse in the circuit. (2 marks)
Live Wire
Light Bulb
Neutral Wire

OR
OPTION II ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS
(a) The sun is a source of energy and can provide an average irradiance of
1 000 W/m2 on a clear day.
(i) Calculate the power received by an area of 1.0 m2 when the sun is
perpendicular to the horizontal. (1 mark)
(ii) Why is it important to tilt the solar panel to face the sun perpendicularly
when the sun shines at an angle? (1 mark)
A 170 W, 24 V monocrystalline solar panel claims to have an efficiency of
13.7%.
(iii) Calculate the current drawn from the solar panel when operating at 24 V. (1 mark)
(iv) Calculate the expected area of this solar panel. (1 mark)

(b) The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of several layers namely the ionosphere,
troposphere, and stratosphere. Name the layer that contains the clouds and is
considered the lower layer. (1 mark)

(c) The diagram below shows a simple illustration of the water cycle.
Clouds B

A
Land

D Sea

(i) The different processes involved in the water cycle are labelled
A, B, C, and D. Use the list below to identify each process.

sublimation, precipitation, condensation, runoff, evaporation (2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

 25.

(ii) Explain the process of evapotranspiration. (1 mark)

(d) The diagram below shows a typical weather map with isobars.

A
X
1000
1004
1008

1012

1016
B
Y 1020

Study the diagram and answer the following questions.

(i) What are isobars? (1 mark)
(ii) Which region, X or Y, would be an area of low pressure? (1 mark)
(iii) Which point, A or B, would have a higher wind speed? (1 mark)
(iv) Name the instrument that could be used to measure wind speed at points
A and B. (1 mark)

OR
OPTION III ATOMIC PHYSICS
(a) In the Rutherford experiment, what evidence showed that:
(i) atoms were mostly empty space; and (1 mark)
(ii) the nucleus is positively charged. (1 mark)

(b) When a sample of a radioactive nuclide decays, its mass falls from 1 200 mg to
150 mg in five minutes. What is the half-life of the radioactive nuclide? (2 marks)

(c) Determine the mass number, a, and the atomic number, b, to complete the
following equation for the β-decay of an isotope of oxygen.
a 19 0
8O → bF + −1 e (1 mark)

(d) Complete the following table by writing the correct answers in the Answer Book.

Type of radiation Nature of radiation Charge

Beta-particle One electron negative
Alpha-particle (i) (ii)
Gamma-ray (iii) (iv)
(2 marks)
Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 26.

SECTION B (continued)

(e) When a certain photoelectric material is illuminated with light of different

frequencies, photoelectrons are emitted. The graph of kinetic energy (Ek)
of the photoelectrons versus the frequency ( f ) of incident light is given below.
Ek
( x 10-19 J)
2.4

0.4

5.6 6.2 9.2 f ( x 1014 Hz)

3.7

Use the graph to determine the:

(i) threshold frequency; (1 mark)
(ii) threshold wavelength; (1 mark)
(iii) work function of the material; and (1 mark)
(iv) value of the Planck’s constant. (Show your working.) (1 mark)
(v) Use the table provided below to determine which material was used to
obtain the graph shown above.

Work functions of some metals

Metal φ (eV)
Zinc 4.30
Aluminium 4.08
Iron 4.50
Caesium 2.31
(1 mark)

OR

OPTION IV ELECTRONICS
(a) What effect would an increase in temperature have on electrical conductivity
for the following?
(i) Conductors (1 mark)
(ii) Semi-conductors (1 mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.

 27.

(b) Boron, a common impurity, is added to a sample of silicon to create a

semi-conductor. The addition of boron creates an electron deficiency,
commonly known as a ‘hole’, in the lattice structure of silicon.

(i) What is this process of adding an impurity to an element known as? (1 mark)

(ii) What type of semi-conductor is created by the above process of adding

boron to silicon? (1 mark)

(c) Study the circuit below and indicate what happens to lamp A and lamp B.

V A

V B

(2 marks)

(d) Study the diagram of the rectifier below and answer the following questions.

+
Load

Output

A.C. input

(i) What type of rectifier is shown in the diagram above? (1 mark)

(ii) Draw the waveform of the output signal, if an A.C. input signal is sent
through this rectifier. (1 mark)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FSLCE 2011: PHYSICS.
 28.

SECTION B (continued)

(e) The diagram shows a simple switching circuit.

Switch S
A

(i) Name the component A. (1 mark)

(ii) Why is component A usually needed in this part of the circuit? (1 mark)

(iii) Name the type of transistor used in this circuit. (1 mark)

(iv) Calculate the gain of the transistor for a base current of 10 µA and a
collector current of 1 mA. (1 mark)

THE END

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COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, REPUBLIC OF THE FIJI ISLANDS, 2011.