s o 02-2020 CHAU MY NGAY NAY

CHINH TRI - LUAT

TAC D Q N G C U A N H A N TO MY DOI VOI AN NINH

VA PHAT TRIEN CUA VIET NAM HIEN NAY
Bui Thi Thao*

Tom tat: Tit ddu the ky XXI den nay, nguae vai nhan dinh cho rdng vai tro ciia My
a chau A se lu ma truac xm the dia-chinh tri vd su bdnh truang anh huang khong
ngimg cua Trung Quoc, quyen luc ciia My tai Dong A vdn chua timg thuyen gidm. Tic
chien tranh thuang mai My - Trung, ho sa hat nhan Bdc Trieu Tien hay tutmg lai cdc
nen ddn chii Ddi Loan. Hongkong (Dong Bdc A) den su dong thuan cita Hiep hoi cdc
quoc gia Dong Nam A (ASEAN) vd vdn de Bien Dong (Dong Nam A), My deu hien dien
vai vai tro mot thdnh to an ninh quan trong hdng ddu, khong the thay the. Doi vai Viet
Nam, tuy chua la doi tdc chien luac nhung My la mot trong so rdt it quoc gia co tdm
anh hudng quan trong bdc nhdt doi voi cdc muc tieu an ninh vd phdt trien quoc gia.
Dual gdc do phdn tich thuc trgng an ninh, phdt trien cua Viet Nam vd ca hoi, thdch thuc
tu moi quan he voi My, bdi bdo dua ra ddnh gid ve tdc dong cua My doi vdi an ninh
vd phdt trien cua Viet Nam Men nay.
Tu- khoa: nhan to My, an ninh va phat trien ciia Viet Nam, tac dpng.

1, Moi fru-oTig an ninh va phat trien
cua Viet Nam dau the ky XXI
An ninh va phat trien la muc tieu
chien lupc quoc gia then chot ciia Viet
Nam. Theo do, de trien khai muc tieu
phat trien dat nuac theo huang cong
nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, Viet Nam tien
hanh dong thoi hai nhiem vu chien lupc:
xay dung va bao ve To quoc. Trong do,
dam bao an ninh quoc gia la nhiem vu
then chot nhat, co y nghTa song con.
Tuy vay, khong gian an ninh va moi
trucmg phat trien ciia Viet Nam tu dau
the ky XXI den nay dang ehiu anh
huang manh me tir ehuyen bien da
chieu, bat dinh va vo ciing phuc tap cua
tinh hinh the gioi, khu vuc. Bat on toan
cau do sir bung no cac van de an ninh
truyen thong va phi truyen thong; su suy
thoai vai tro ciia cac dinh che quyen lire
toan cau; xu the quoc te hoa thuc day su
tuy thuoc ngay cang Ion giiia cac quoc
gia, dan tpc; sir chuyin dich trpng tam
quyen lire tir Tay sang Dong; su dieu
chinh chien lupe va canh tranh quyen
lire giGa cac euong quoc, cae eye sue
manh de thiet lap trat tu the giai sau
Chien tranh Lanh la nhtmg dae diem lan
ehi phoi tinh hinh the giai va khu vuc
dau thl ky XXI. Trong do, eanh tranh
chiln lupc My - Trung Quoc tren nhieu
ITnh vuc (dae biet la kinh tl, quan sir) va

* Tru&ng Dai hoc Supham. Dai hgc Hue

CHAU MY NGAY NAY 17

quan he quoc te a khu virc Dong Nam A cac bien Dong Bac A - Tay Thai Binh
CO tac dpng sau sac, toan dien den an Duong. Vi tri dia chien lupc nay mang
ninh quoc gia va cac muc tieu phat trien den eho Viet Nam co hpi Ion de phat
ciia Viet Nam. trien quoc gia dua tren scr hiiu nguon tai
Trong boi canh do. an ninh va phat nguyen bien da dang, quan trpng va doi
trien ciia Viet Nam con phu thupc chat dao nhung mat khac, ciing dat Viet Nam
che vao npi lire nen tang quoc gia, dae trudc thach thiic khi tro thanh mpt tran
biet la cac nhan to tao ra nguon lire va dia quan trpng trong chien lupc cua cac
dinh hinh phuang thuc hanh xii, Ngoai cudng quoc d Dong A, khu vuc dang
nhung yeu to npi sinh truyen thong (van quy tu canh tranh va xung dot dia-chinh
hoa, nhan lire, tai nguyen thien nhien, he tri het sire phirc tap.
thong chinh tri on dinh...), trong tucfng Ngay khi Chien tranh Lanh ket thuc,
tac voi tinh hinh quoc te hai thap nien vi tri dia - chien lupc ciia Viet Nam la
dau the ky XXI, an ninh va phat trien nhan to dupe My chu trpng va dua vap
ciia Viet Nam hien nay ehiu tac dpng cac tinh tpan chien lupc d chau A . Gan
Ion nhat tir hai phucmg dien sau: ba thap nien tiep theo, vi tri* ciia Viet
Thit nhdt, Viet Nam cd vi tri dia-chinh Nam cang dupe cu thl hoa trong cac
tri' quan trong trong chien luac bdnh chien lupc an ninh quoc gia My, nhat la
trudng quyen luc cua cdc cudng qudc dudi Chinh quyen Tong thing G.W.
chit chdi, trudc het la My vd Trung Qudc Bush, Barack Obama. Tir nam 2017 den
d khu vuc Ddng Nam A vd Ddng A. nay, Viet Nam tiep tuc dupe Chinh
Nam a dong nam ban dao Dong quyin Tdng thdng Donald Trump chii
Duong, CO vai tro ngay cang cao trong trpng vdi vai trd mot "doi tac chiln lupc
ASEAN va cac co che hpp tac mo, da tiem nang" trong chien luge An Dp
phucmg ciia t6 chile nay, Viet Nam tro Duong Thai Binh Duong. Thang
thanh quoc gia ehiem gill vi tri dae biet 6/2019, Bao cao Chien lupc An Dp
Duong - Thai Binh Duong cua Bd Quoc
trong chinh sach ddi ngoai ciia My va
phong My da liet ke Viet Nam la mdt
Trung Quoc, do sir cpng huong cac yeu
ddi tdc an ninh mdi ndi quan trpng ma
t6 dia ly, lieh sii va chinh tri c6 tinh dae
My can tang cudng hpp tac. Trong khi
thil. Mat khac, Viet Nam la mpt quoc
dd, Viet Nam ciing la ddi tdc chien luac
gia ven biln^. co duong bo bien dai
toan dien cua Trung Qudc (2008), cd vj
3.260 km (khong kl cac dao) va dien
tri dia-chinh tri quan trpng trong ciing
tich viing bien thupc chil quyen, quyen
khdng gian an ninh d Ddng A. Do dd,
chu quyen va quyen tai phan ehiem
trong chiln lupc day manh tham vpng
khoang 1.000.000 km^ Biln Dong - vimg
cudng qudc cua Trung Qudc d chau A -
biln nam 6 trung tam "6a bien^' cua
Thai Binh Duong, hudng tdi muc tieu
Dong A la An Dp Duong - Bien Dong va
 S6 02-2020
chan hung dan tdc va hoan thanh "giac
mong Trung Hoa", Viet Nam ludn dupe
tinh den nhu mdt vi tri dia chien lupc
trung tam trong hudng '^Nam tien^' va
''bien tien'\ Dieu nay dupe nhan thay
qua hien dien ciia Viet Nam trong cac
"cdng cu" de "tap hpp luc lupng", ket
ndi, dan dat va dinh hinh "luat choi" ciia
Trung Qudc d khu vuc nhu: Sang kien
"vanh dai, con dudng" (BRI); khai niem
"cdng ddng nhan loai ciing ehung van
menh"; phuong thirc ngoai giao tai
chinh; kiem soat ddng chay ha ngudn
sdng Mekong'; hoan thanh khudn khd
Bd Quy tac img xir d Bien Ddng (COC)
khdng thyc chat va bat dau tien trinh dam
phan COC 11 ben (thay vi hai ben)... Cd
the ndi, tuy khdng la ddi tac Idn nhung
Viet Nam cd vi tri dia-chinh tri quan
trpng trong chien lupc banh trudng
quyen lire ciia ca My va Trung Qudc.
Theo do, trong bdi canh canh tranh
My - Trung tren nhieu tran dia trd nen
quyit liet hien nay, vi tri dia-chinh tri
nay trd thanh nhan td nhay cam ddi vdi
an ninh va phat trien Viet Nam, nhat la
khi cac tranh chap va hanh xir xung
quanh van de Bien Ddng Hen quan true
tilp den lpi ich qudc gia can ban ciia
Viet Nam trd nen gay gat. phirc tap. Yeu
sach chil quyen vd ly va hanh dpng
ngang ngupc, bat chap luat phap ciia
Trung Qudc tir nam 2009 den nay khdng
chi gay tdn hai an ninh va phat trien cua
Viet Nam, ma cdn thuc day quan su hda
Bien Ddng vdi su tang cudng hien dien
quan su ciia cac cudng qudc. imh hudng
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
nghiem trpng den mdi trudng hda binh
va xu hudng phat triin d khu virc.
Thu hai, Viet Nam cd quy md qudc
gia n-ung binh vd tdi nguyen quyen luc
han che. Yeu td nay quy djnh muc tieu
va dutmg hudng phat trien dat nude
nhung ddng thdi la diem yeu cua Viet
Nam trong quan he qudc te hien nay, khi
sire manh kinh te va nang lire quan sy -
hai thudc do quyen luc qudc gia quan
trpng nhat - deu khdng phai la uu the
eua Viet Nam.
vi kinh ie, theo danh gia ciia Uy ban
Kinh te - xa hdi khu vyc chau A - Thai
Binh Duong thudc Lien Hpp qudc
(UNESCAP), Viet Nam cd tdc dp tang
trudng kinh te cao, dn dinh vdi ty le
tang trudng tdng san phiim qudc ndi
. (GDP) binh quan dat 7,2% giai doan
2000-2010, GDP binh quan dSu ngudi
nam 2010 khoang 1.200 USD, gjp ba
lan so vdi nam 2000 . Tir thap nien thir
hai ciia the ky XXI den nay, tuy ehiu
tac ddng tir khiing hoang kinh te toan
cau, Viet Nam van duy tri cac chi sd
tang trudng tich cue: tdc dp phat trien
kinh te 6 thang dau nam 2019 dat
6,76%, tuy thap hon ciing ky nam 2018
(7,05%) nhung la mire tang trudng cao
so vdi ciing ky giai doan 2011-2017.
Tang trudng kinh te tao dieu kien thuan
lpi de Viet Nam giai quyet tdt cac
nhiem vu kinh te - xa hpi, xda ddi giam
ngheo, nang cao ddi sdng nhan dan,
nang cap co sd ha tang, tang cudng
binh ding gidi, nang cao phiic lpi xa
hdi... Tuy nhien, mdt thuc tl khac la.
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
quy md nen kinh te Viet Nam hien nay
van d mire trung binh d Ddng Nam A,
an ninh tai chinh thap, nguy co lam phat
eao, tiem luc khoa hpc - cdng nghe cdn
han che va nhat la phu thudc Ion vao cac
ddi tac cudng qudc, dae biet la Trung
Qude va My. Nghien eiiu cua hpc gia
Fran9ois Nicolas tren bao Le Monde
(Phap) cho thay, chien tranh thuang mai
My - Trung Qudc tir dau nam 2018, nhat
la tir thang 5/2019 den nay da tac ddng
manh me den kinh te Viet Nam, lam chp
"xuat khau tinh ehung tang 6,7%, xuat
sang My tang 28%. Ty le nhap sieu cua
My ddi vdi Trung Qudc giam bao nhieu
thi nhap sieu ddi vdi Viet Nam tang bay
nhieu"^ Mat khac, di kem vdi "tang
trudng ndng", kinh te Viet Nam ciing
ddi mat vdi nguy ca riii ro cao khi tiem
nang phat triin giam, mat can ddi cung -
cau tang, no cdng tang nhanh trong khi
quan ly np chua hieu qua*,.-- Nhu vay,
quy md nhd, it dupe hd trp bdi khoa hpc
cdng nghe, dang trong qua trinh
ehuyen ddi va le thupc la nhtrng han che
Ion khien kinh te Viet Nam khd tu chu
va an ninh kinh tl de bj ton thuong.
Ve qudn su, quan dpi Viet Nam cd
quy md Idn thii hai d Ddng Nam A (sau
Indonesia), dupe danh gia cao ve nang
luc tac chien, kinh nghiem va kha nang
ehuyen nghiep hda. Dii vay, quy md va
trinh dp quan dpi (ve nhan sy va vii khi)
cua Viet Nam hien nay dang trong qua
trinh hien dai hda d ca ba linh vuc (luc
quan, khdng quan, hai quan) va van
chua dap iing tdt cac nhiem vu an ninh
phirc tap trong tinh hinh mdi. Theo sd
lieu ciia Vien Nghien ciiu Hda binh Qudc
te Stockholm (SIPRI), chi tieu qudc
phdng ciia Viet Nam nam 2018 la 5,5 ty
USD, Idn thii tu d Ddng Nam A (sau
Singapore, Indonesia va Thai Lan) va cd
kha nang vupt 6 ty USD vao nam 2020.
Tuy vay. do khdng cd td hpp cdng
nghiep qudc phdng hiing manh nhu cac
qudc gia khac, tien trinh hien dai hda
quan dpi cua Viet Nam se thu ddng. Mat
khac, de tang cudng tiem lye quan dpi
hien nay, viec ddi mdi ly luan quan sy,
cai each td chirc quan dpi, hien dai hda
vu khi, thiet bi quan sy... ddi hdi Viet
Nam mdt ngudn luc Idn va dieu nay la
khd dap img trong thcfi gian ngan khi cac
ngudn luc gidi han cua dit nude dang bi
phan tan cho nhieu muc tieu dan su khac.
Ngoai ra, khi so sanh vdi cac nen qudc
phdng Idn d Ddng A (Tmng Qudc, An
Dd, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc...). thii hang
cua Viet Nam cdn thap, nhat la tiiyc tiin
hpp tac quan sy qudc te.
Do dd, tuy duoc danh gia cao ve mite
dp dn dinh chinh tri va tiem nang phat
triin kinh te nhtmg thyc luc qudc gia
dupe do bang cac chi sd can ban cua
Viet Nam vin dang d tam co trung binh
tai khu vyc. Tinh hinh nay chi phdi
manh me dinh hudng phat trien qudc gia
va d mire dp nhat dinh, lam han che tinli
tu chii trong dudng loi ddi ngoai hda
binh, ddc lap, trung lap ma Dang va Nha
nude Viet Nam theo dudi trong khdng
gian an ninh ngay cang toan cau hda va
tm thl thupc ve cac cucmg qude.

Ddng chu y, quan he ngoai giao hai
hoa ciia Viet Nam vai My va Trung
Quoc la mpt hien thuc va la thach thiic
doi ngoai - an ninh lan nhat doi vai Dang
va Nha nuac Viet Nam. Hien thuc nay
thiic bach mpt chien lupc phat trien nham
gia tang cac nguon sire manh quoc gia.
Tat ca nhung yeu to tren khien Viet
Nam gap bat lpi trong muc tieu tao
dung, duy tri khong gian an ninh de phat
trien quoc gia hien nay, cung nhu trong
nhieu thap nien tai - khi trat tu quyen
luc ciia khu vire chau A - Thai Binh
Duang dang "khong ngimg dupe tai cau
tnic". Mpt trong nhtmg chien lupc quan
trpng de Viet Nam giam thieu bat lpi tii
hien thuc an ninh nay la van dung hieu
qua chinh sach doi ngoai chu dpng, da
phuang, gidi quyet tot quan he "doi
tdc " "doi tuang " de phat huy toi da co
hpi va han che thach thuc, trudc het la
doi voi nhan to cucmg quoc, nhu My -
doi tac mang tam chien lupe, co vai tro
vo cimg quan trpng doi voi an ninh va
phat trien cua Viet Nam hien nay.
2. Tac dpng cua nhan to My den
an ninh va phat trien cua Viet Nam
hifn nay
2.}. My Id nhan to cuang quoc co tdm
anh huang ddc biet quan trong dot vai
an ninh vd phdt trien cua nen quoc
phong Viet Nam.
Hpp tac an ninh - quoc phong giira
My va Viet Nam dupe khai dau mupn,
tren mot nen tang kho khan, nhung sir
phat trien ngay cang thuc chat ciia moi
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
quan he song phuang tren Imh vuc nay
da mang lai nhtrng tac dpng khong nho
toi cac muc tieu an ninh va phat trien
cua nen quoc phong Viet Nam.
Truac het, My ehiem vi tri ngay cang
quan trpng trong chinh sach doi ngoai
quoc phong - an ninh va muc tieu tang
cucmg tiem lire quoc phong ciia Viet Nam.
Tam quan trpng cua My dupe Viet
Nam sam khang dinh thong qua viec
xac lap vi tri, vai tro ciia cuang quoc
nay trong hoach dinh doi ngoai quoc
phong - an ninh va trong trien khai ke
hoach tang cuofng tiem luc quan su.
Dieu nay dupe Viet Nam thiic dky duoi
thai Tong thong G.W. Bush va tiep tuc
tang cuang duoi thai Tong thong
B.Obama bang viec thiet lap cac ca che
doi thoai va tang cucmg hpp tac quoc
phong sau khi hai nuac thiet lap quan he
Doi tac toan dien (thang 7/2013). Trong
Tuyen bo ehung dupe cong bo ngay
25/7/2Q13, sau do dupe nhan manh trong
cac Tiiyen bo ehung ngay 31/5/2017 va
ngay 12/11/2017, Viet Nam cimg My
khang dinh "nhat tri tang cudng quan he
quoc phong song phuomg"^, thiic day va
mcf rpng hpp tac nhieu npi dung trong
linh vuc nay. Truac nhu cau an ninh gia
tang, su phat trien cua quan he doi tac
toan dien va viec My ngay cang chii
trpng vai tro Viet Nam trong cac hoach
dinh chien lupc'", Viet Nam da khang
djnh moi quan tam Idn doi vdi My nhu
mpt ddi tac hang dau de thuc day eac
lien kit an ninh - qudc phong. Trong
viee tang cudng tiem lire quan su ciia
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
Viet Nam, My la qudc gia cung cap su
hd trp va hpp tac tich cue, da dang va
hieu qua nhat. Dieu nay dupe nhin thay
trong nhieu hang muc: giao luu qudc
phdng va dao tao nhan sy qudc phdng;
hien dai hda trang thiet bi, vat tu quan
su; phat trien cdng nghiep qudc phdng'';
hpp tac an ninh vdi ben thir ba.... nhat
la vdi ASEAN. Trong dd. viec hd trp xay
dyng nang lye dam bao an nmh bien cho
Viet Nam dat ket qua dang ghi nhan. Den
nay. My da tien hanh trao ddi thdng tin
tinh bao, de xuat tap tran ehung, ban thiet
bi quan su cho Viet Nam (trong dd cd 6
tau tuan tra cao tdc biio ve bd bien, may
bay tuan tra P3-Orion, radar Raytheon, 6
may bay khdng ngudi lai...)'^
Thu hai. My cd vai trd tide biet quan
trong ddi vdi an ninh bien cua Viet
Nam. Tir dau thap nien thir hai ciia the
ky XXI den nay, Viet Nam ddi mat vdi
cac thach thiic an ninh bien ngay cang
thudng xuyen, cd mire quan trpng gia
tang tren ca ba phuong dien gay nen
nguy CO xung dot lep thang, tac ddng
Idn den mdi trucmg an ninh qudc gia va
tinh hinh phat trien dat nude. Trong tien
trinh giai quyet tranh chap d Bien Ddng
hien nay, My la nhan td cd tieng ndi
trpng lupng, cd kha nang kiem che hoac
thuc day xung ddt true tiep d cap dd
song phucmg va da phuong giira cac ben
tranh chip. Tir nam 2009'*, klii Trung
Qudc ed nhieu ddng thai ap dat chu
quyin tai Bien Ddng, My da cd hang
loat hanh dpng bieu Id sy phan ddi cdng
khai va manh me. Nhtrng tuyen bd va
21
hanh ddng ttr My gdp phin quan trpng
cho viec thyc hien chinh sach dau tranh
bao ve chii quyen cdng khai, hda binh
vd qudc te hda ctia Viet Nam. Anh
hudng ciia My ddi vdi hanh trinh diu
tranh bao ve chu quyen lanh hai hop
phap ciia Viet Nam la dae biet quan
trpng va khdng the thay thl.
Nhieu sy kien trong thap nien qua
cho thay thuc te nay. Viec My cimg Viet
Nam thiet lap co che Ddi thoai thudng
nien ve chinh sach qudc phdng (2010);
dd bd lenh cam van vii khi sat thucmg
ddi vdi Viet Nam (thang 5/2016); lan
dau tien cho tau san bay USS Carl
Vinson hien dien tai Da Nang (thang
3/2018); dae biet la phan img cdng khai
va ngay cang manh me, trye tiep cua
My" ddi vdi hanh xii thd bao cua Trung
Qudc tai Biln Ddng sudt thdi gian qua,
nhit la tir thang 7/2019, da khing dinh
vai trd quan trpng cua My ddi vdi tu do
hang hai va an ninh Bien Ddng cd lpi
cho Viet Nam. Cho den nay, My la ddi
tdc cudng qudc duy nhdt cua Viet Nam
thl hien lap trudng true tiep iing hd Viet
Nam manh me, thudng tnrc nhat va cd
anh hudng quan trpng nhat" trong bdi
ciinh Trung Qudc xam hai chu quyen
biln, dao Viet Nam va ngoan cd cao
budc My can dy an ninh Bien Ddng.
Hien thuc nay thuc day Viet Nam nhanh
chdng trien khai lien ket kinh te va qudc
phdng chiln lupc vdi cac cudng qudc
chil chdt, nhat la My. Day la mpt trong
nhiing muc tieu an ninh va phat triin
quan trpng ciia Viet Nam hien nay.
22
Tuy vay, diem can luu y la, hieu qua
tac dpng tir nhan td My can dupe danh
gia khach quan, day dii han bdi Viet
Nam cd mdi quan he an ninh qudc
phong non tre, dae thii va khdng cd hiep
dinh quan sir mang tinh rang bupe vdi
My nhu vdi cac nude dong minh ciia
cudng quoc nay (Nhat Ban, Han Qudc,
Australia, Philippines, Thai Lan). Han
nua, Viet Nam can thiet phai thuc hien
chinh sach qudc phdng "3 khdng" de
dam bao muc tieu, nguyen tac ddi ngoai
da phuong va hda binh. Tinh the nay lam
han che hieu qua hop tac qudc phdng My
- Viet'^, ddng thdi eung khien Viet Nam
cd nhieu kha nang rai vao tinh trang bi
Trung Qudc "trut gian" khi nude nay dap
tra nhtrng hanh dpng ngay cang quyet
doan, manh me ciia My chdng lai tham
vpng Trung Qudc tai Bien Ddng' . Do
the, tam quan trpng cua My ddi vdi an.
ninh bien Viet Nam lai gia tang nhung
khdng chi bao gdm cac tac ddng tich cue.
Ngoai ra, vdi quy md qudc gia to Idn,
thuc luc quan su hiing manh va vi the
qude te dan dau the gidi, su hd trp ciia
My tao dpng luc quan trpng de Viet
Nam thuc hien thanh cdng cac nhiem vu
an ninh qudc te.
2.2. Nhan to My trong muc tieu an
ninh vd phdt trien kinh te ciia Viet Nam
ddu thi ky XXI
NhiJng budc tien trong nen kinh te
Viet Nam hai thap nien dau the ky XXI
ghi nhan ket qua hpp tac Viet - My nhu
mpt trong nhimg nhan td ddng gdp cd
dau an dam net nhat.
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
The ky XXI md ra doi vdi nln kinh te
Viet Nam bang su kien quan trpng, cd
tinh chat budc ngoat trong quan he kinh te
Viet - My. Sau 9 vdng dam phan kl tir
nam 1996, ngay 13/7/2000, Hiep dinh
Thucmg mai song phuang (BTA) da duac
ky tai Washington D.C. Hiep dinh khong
chi tao nen co sd phap ly cho hop tac kinh
te Viet - My, thuc day thuang mai va dau
tu ciia nen kinh te Idn nh4t the gidi vao
Viet Nam, ma cdn md ra ca hdi Idn de
kinh te Viet Nam budc ra thi trudng the
gidi. Sau khi BTA chinh thirc cd hieu luc
(nam 2001), thuang mai va dau tu cua
My vao Viet Nam tang trudng nhanh
chdng. Quan trpng hon, BTA da "thiic
day kinh te Viet Nam ehuyen ddi phii hpp
vdi kinh te khu vuc va qudc te, va do dd
cd tac ddng sau sac va lau dai ddi vdi cac
mat kinh te va xa hpi cua Viet Nam"'^,
tao ra dpng lire de kinh te Viet Nam phat
trien manh me va hdi nhap the gidi. Sau
BTA, My cap cho Viet Nam quy che
Quan he Thuong mai Binh thudng (NTR
- 2002), xay nen nhtmg nac thang viing
chac de Viet Nam gia nhap WTO (ngay
11/1/2007)^" va chinh thirc ghi ten vao
ban do kinh te toan cau. Quy che Quan he
Thuang mai Binh thudng Vuih vien
(PNTR) dupe My cap cho Viet Nam ngay
sau dd (nam 2007) da nang gia trj xuat
khiu cua Viet Nam len han 10 ty USD,
tang gip 10 lin so vdi nam 2001.
Hien nay, My la thi trudng xuit khau
Idn nhat eiia Viet Nam vdi gia tri
thuang mai song phuang khdng ngimg
gia tang: tir 451 trieu USD nam 1995
CHAU MY NGAY NAY S 6 02-2020
len gan 52 ty USD nam 2016. Nam
2016, Viet Nam la thj trudng xuat khau
tang trudng nhanh nhat ctia My, cd tri
gia hon 10 ty USD. Xuit khiu cua My
sang Viet Nam tang 77% trong giai
doan 2014-2016. Diu tu cua Hoa Ky
vao Viet Nam cQng tang dang ke, tang
gin 10 ty USD tinh tir nam 2009^'. Hop
tac kinh te vdi My cdn la co hdi de Viet
Nam tiep can cdng nghe hien dai, thiic
day cM tien ca sd ha tang, ehuyen dich
CO cau kinh te, co cau lao ddng, nang
cao trinh dp ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu,
ciing nhu nang cao nang luc eanh tranh.
Ngoai ra, My ciing mang lai cho Viet
Nam CO hdi thu hudng nhieu sang kien
thuang mai nhu GSP, TIF A, BIT...
eiing ca hpi tham gia cac cp che hpp tac
da phuong toan cau.
Tuy nhien, hien nay. My van kiem
soat tham hut thuong mai vdi Viet Nam
bang cac rao eiin nhu thue chdng ban
pha gia, quy dinh ve sd hiru tri tue, ve
sinh an toan thyc pham. My ciing la thi
trudng ddi hdi khat khe ve he thdng
tieu chuan cua hang hda nhap khau nhu
quy djnh chat che ve ngudn gdc xuat
xu, chat lupng, cdng dung cua san
pham. Do vay. hop tac kinh te - thuang
mai vdi My, mdt mat tao ra ddng lye
phat trien ve nhieu phuang dien, mat
khac, cung gay ra khdng it ap luc cho
nen kinh te Viet Nam vdn cdn nhieu Id
hdng ve quy trinh san xuat, co sd phap
ly, kinh te ddi ngoai va trinh dd hdi
nhap. Viee mdi day, Bd Thuong mai
My ra thdng cap ngay 2/7/2019 cho biet
23
se ap thue den 456,23% doi vdi mdt so
loai thep ciia Viet Nam nhung san xuat
tai Han Qude va Dai Loan^^ - hai thi
trudng thep dang hi My danh thul - gay
khdng it ap lye cho cac nganh xuit
khau ciia Viet Nam.
2.3. Nhan td My gdp phdn xac lap vi
the cita Viet Nam nhu qudc gia kien tao
hda binh vd cd vai trd tich cue, ngdy
cdng quan trong d khu vuc Ddng Nam A
vd Ddng A.
Sau khi mang lai lye day tao nen birt
pha ve mat chinh tri - ngoai giao, md ra
khdng gian ddi ngoai rong Idn cho Viet
Nam tir dau thap nien 1990 vdi viec
binh thudng hda quan he^^. My tiep tuc
gdp phan quan trpng trong viee xac lap
vi the ciia Viet Nam d khu vyc va the
gidi. Tac ddng nay ed the nhan thay qua
cac khia canh sau:
- Viet Nam la mdt trong it cac qudc
gia vira va nhd d Ddng Nam A duoc
xac dinh cy the trong cac chien lupc Idn
ciia My ddi vdi chau A tir dau the ky
XXI den nay. Trong dd, cac chien luoe
"Xoay true" sang chau A Thai Binh
Duong (nam 2011), Chiln lupc An Dp
Duong - Thai Binh Duong (thang 6/2019)
diu liet ke Viet Nam la mdt ddi tdc an
ninh quan trpng ciia My. Dinh vi nay la
ca sd quan trpng khang dinh chieu
hudng tiin triin ciia quan he mang tam
chiln lupc My - Viet, ddng thdi gdp
phin quan trpng nang cao vi the quan
sy, vi thl qudc gia cua Viet Nam nhu
mdt qudc gia trung tam d Ddng Nam A
va chau A.
24 SO 02-2020
Viet Nam la diem den dupe My lira
chpn de trien khai cac su kien ddi ngoai
trong dai. Chinh sach ddi ngoai nang
dpng, yeu chuong hda binh va mdi
trudng an ninh qudc gia dupe dam bao
mire dp cao da cung cd vi tri cita Viet
Nam nhu diem den an toan va tin cay
cho hang loat su kien ddi ngoai trpng
dai dau the ky XXI. Trong dd, viec My
lua chpn Viet Nam la mdt trong cac
qudc gia chau A trong ehuyen cdng du
dau tien cua Donald Trump tren cuang
vi tdng thdng thu 45 cua nude My; lua
chpn thanh phd Da Nang (tai Dien dan
hop tac kinh te khu vuc chau A Thai
Binh Duang 2017) de cdng bd Chien
lupc An Dp Duong - Thai Binh Duong
va chpn Ha Ndi de tien hanh Hdi nghi
thupng dinh lan thii hai vdi Bac Trieu
Tien vao thang 2/2019... la nhung sir
kien vd cung y nghia ddi vdi hinh anh,
dat nude va dan tdc Viet Nam; khang
dinh niem tin chien luac Viet - My dupe
tang cudng va gdp phan quan trpng
nang cao vi the Viet Nam nhu qudc gia
dii tam de tham gia, giai quyet cac van
de qude te trpng dai.
Cd the ndi, viec phat trien quan he
song phuong toan dien vdi My mdt
sieu cudng cd thuc luc qudc gia hiing
manh va tam anh hudng qudc te sau
rdng, manh me dupe the gidi thira nhan -
la thanh cdng Idn cua ngoai giao Viet
Nam. Ket qua nay tac ddng Idn, true tiep
den lai ich qudc gia, dinh hudng phat
trien dat nude va vi the qude te eua Viet
Nam. Su ung hd ciia My se tao ca hdi
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
de Viet Nam nhan duac sir iing hd qudc
te Idn hon trong viec bao ve eac lpi ich
qude gia can ban: dam bao toan ven lanh
thd ciia Viet Nam; dam bao an ninh
Bien Ddng; duy tri hda binh, thinh
vupng d khu vuc de hap tac ciing phat
trien. Thiic day hpp tac sau rdng vdi My
ciing la phuang thiic hieu qua de Viet
Nam timg budc khang dinh uy tin, vi the
qudc te, trudc het d Ddng Nam A. Tu
each la ddi tac (hudng den ddi tac chien
lupc) ciia My, dae biet la sir ung hd cua
My ddi vdi Viet Nam trong vai trd Uy
vien khdng thudng true Hdi ddng Bao
an Lien Hpp qudc (2008-2009; 2020-
2021), Chu tich ASEAN (2010; 2020),
Bao cao vien Uy ban Phap ly ciia Lien
Hpfp qudc (thang 11/2012) va nhieu td
chue da phucmg d khu vuc (APEC,
ASEM, EAS...) la nhtrng ddng luc Idn
de Viet Nam ddng vai trd tich cue hon d
khu vuc va hdi nhap sau vao nen chinh
tri the gidi. Hien thuc nay ehung td. My
la lire day quan trpng trong viee thuc
hien cac muc tieu an ninh va phat trien
cua ddi ngoai Viet Nam.
3. Ket luan
My la mdt trong nhiing ddi tac quan
trpng nhat, cd tam anh hudng to Idn ddi
vdi an ninh va phat trien eua Viet Nam.
Trong mdi giai doan cu the. My cd
nhtrng tac dpng tich cue, tieu cue d
nhieu muc dp, nhieu khia canh khac
nhau nhung didu khd phu nhan la vai trd
ciia My chua bao gid md nhat trong cac
muc tieu bao ve va xay dung dat nude
CHAU MY NGAY NAY S6 02-2020
cua Viet Nam. Tuy vay, trong cue dien
the gidi dang "mat trat tu" va mdi
trudng an ninh bat dn ehiem uu the d
chau A hien nay, My cd qua nhieu mdi
ban tam. Trong do, xung dot lpi ich
quyet liet vdi Trung Qude dang chi phdi
manh me, toan dien nhat den chinh sach
eiia My. Dieu nay la thach thuc Idn ddi
vdi eac qude gia nhd va trung binh nhu
Viet Nam trong quan he vdi cac cudng
qudc. Da den liie Viet Nam phai tan
dung triet de nhtrng ea hpi tir mdi quan
he cd tinh chien luac vdi eac cudng
qudc, dae biet tir My, di gia tang eac
ngudn luc qudc gia, khang dinh dudng
Idi ddi ngoai tu chii va xay dung vi the
qudc te virng chac. Dieu do can thiet
phai phat huy sire manh doan ket toan
dan tdc, xay dung nen kinh te thinh
vupng, ben virng va tang cudng nang
lire quan su - qudc phdng hiing manh.
Trong khudn khd ca che quan he ddi tac
toan dien hien nay, Viet Nam khd ed the
ddi hdi nhieu han d My nhiing ddng gdp
manh me can dupe bao dam bang co sd
phap ly. Vi vay, nang tam thuc chat mdi
quan he song phuang vdi My - xu the da
cd tien de va phii hop vdi lpi ich ca hai
nude - la budc di can thiet Viet Nam can
tich cue thiie day trong thdi gian tdi •
Chii thich:
1. Xem Tran Khdnh (2015), "Khai ni^m dia chian
luge". Tap chi Khoa hoc Xa hoi Viet Nam, ir.35'
42 va Nguyin Ngpc Dung (2002), Su hinh thdnh
chu nghia khu vuc cua ASEAN, Nxb. Dai hpc
Qu6c gia Thanh pho H6 Chi Minh, tr.13-14.
2. Trong Iich sir, cac nha nuoc phong kien Viet Nam
da ehiem hOu va thyc thi chu quyen tren Bien
Doiig mot c^ch r5 rang, hoa binh va iien tuc.
25
Dieu nay dupe day manh tir thfri cac chiia
Nguyen (thg ky XVII). Ngay 12/5/1977, Viet
Nam ra tuyen bo ve ISnh hai, viing tiep giip,
viing dae quyen kinh te v^ thSm lyc dia lai Bi^n
Dong. Day 1^ v5n ban phap ly vk biin d3u tien
ciia nuac Viet Nam th6ng nhat. Ng^y
12/11/1982, Viet Nam ra tuyen bo ve du6ng ccr
so, ng^y 21/6/2012, thong qua Luat bign Vi^t
Nam. Xem them Nguyin Ngpc Trucmg (2014),
Ve vdn de Bien Dong, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia,
Ha Noi, tr.61 Ngoai ra, tij dSu thap nien 1980
den nay, Viet Nam da ky kk nhieu hi?p dmh
phan dinh bien v<!ri cac nucrc !ang gieng, nhu:
Hiep dinh ve viing nucrc Ijch sit Viet Nam •
Campuchia (5982), Hiep dinh phan dinh lanh
hai, viing dSc quyen kinh te va them luc dia giQa
Viet Nam va Trung Quoc trong vinh Bdc Bp
(2000), Hiep dinh phan dinh bien gidi tren bien
vai Thai Lan (1997), Hiep dinh phan dinh ranh
gioi them luc dia vcri Indonesia (2003)... Xem
Le Quy Quynh, Nguyin Truang Giang (2012),
Cdc hiep dinh phdn dinh bien giiia Viil Nam vai
cdc nuac Idng giing, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia.
Ha Noi.
3. La lanh th6 c6 hb bien trai dai tir phia Nam Trung
Qu6c dgn vmh Thdi Lan, nSm canh ckc dong
minh chau A cua My, sin sang \k yeu to de MJ
can bang chien luge 6 Dong Nam A. Xem them
Biii Thi Thao (2016), Sir digu chinh chinh sdch
ddi ngoai ciia My va Nga doi vdi Vi^t Nam,
Nxb. Chinh trj Qu6c gia - Su that. Ha Ngi. tr.98.
4. Bao g6m: vi tri dja - chign luge, vai trd v^ tam
miic quan trgng ciia qudc gia.
5. Ha ngu6n song Mekong trai dai hem 4.800 km, co
he da dang sinh thai nude nggt Idn thit hai tren the
gidi (chi sau he sinh thai nude ngpt ciia song
Amazon) vdi tren 1 300 loai ca. Hon 70 trieu dan
Ddng Nam A bao gdm 20 trieu ngudi Vi?t Nam
kigm sdng fruc tiep dua vao nguon tai nguyen
song Mekong. Kg hoach phat trien n5ng lupng
bang dap thiiy dien ciJa Trung Qufic d thuong
ngudn de doa nghiem trpng den ddi sdng nhan dan
cac nude ha nguon, trong do eo Viet Nam.
6. Trinh Cudng (2011), "An tupng Viet Nam", Tap
chi Cdng san sd 819 (thing 1/2011), tr. 109.
7. Theo s6 lieu cua Franpois Nicolas trong "Nhihig
nuac chdu A huang lai trong cuoc thuang chien"
tren Le Monde tai https://doithoaionline2.blogspot.
com/2019/07/rfi-iem-bao-ngay-24-07-2019.html
8 Tir nam 2010 dgn nay, ng cdng eiia Viet Nam tSng
nhanh, gSn cham ngudng cho phep la 65%/GDP,
hieu qua d^u ttr cong thSp do chi sd hieu qua sd
dung v6n dau tu (ICOR) thap so vdi Trung Qudc va
cac nude trong giai doan phat trien cua khu"vuc, tuy
da giam tir 9,2% (2006-2010) xu6ng cdn 8,94%
(2011-2015). Xem Ho^ng Tnrdng Giang (2017),
Quan 1^ ng cdng v^ bao dam an ninh quQc gia eiia
Viet Nani", tap chi Cpng san s6 902, lr,72-73.
26 SO 02-2020
9. Xem Ha My Huang (2017), Viet Nam - Hoa Ky
tang cudng quan he ddi tac toan dien. Tap chi
Cpf!gjaf),s6 898, tr.lOdva Bui Thi Thao (2016),
NiiSn td Hoa Ky trong chinh sach qudc phdng -
an ninh ciia Viet Nam hien nay, Nghien cuu
Dong Nam A, sd 8(197), tr.i7.
lO.Trong Chi^n lupe An ninh Qudc gia cdng bd
thang 2/2002, Viet Nam dugc My dl cap l^ "ddi
tac lien minh" (ciing vdi Thai Lan) trong cudc
chien chdng khiing bd d chau A. Sau do (thing
1/2010), Viet Nam dugc xic dinh la doi tdc mai
thudc nhdm nude thir hai d Ddng Nam A ma MJ*
cam ket hpp tac trong chien luge "Xoay true"
sang chSu A ciia chinh quygn Barack Obama.
Trong Chign lupe An ninh Quoc gia My cong bo
thing 12/2017, Viet Nam la mot trong 4 doi tac
kinh tl va an ninh quan trpng ciia MS' d Dong
Nam A (ciing vdi Indonesia, Malaysia va
Singapore).
U.My td chiic nhilu hoi nghj ehuyen de xuc tien
edng nghiep qudc phdng Viet - My dg tao dieu
ki^n higu biet giiia cie cong ty My v i cie quan
ehue qudc phdng Viet Nam. Hgi thao ehuyen de
ve an ninh va nhan thirc hang hii (2016) gom eac
chu dl nhu chiln tranh chdng tiu ngam, h^ thdng
miy bay khdng ngudi lai (UAS), hang khong,
phan eimg va phan mem an ninh mang. Cie cong
ty My edn eliu dgng gSp gd quan chire qude
phdng Viet Nam dg tim hiiu vl thi trudng va
nim bat CO hpi hgp tac.
12.Xem Prashanth Parameswaran (2016), "US-
Viehiam Defense Relations; Problems and
Prospects" tai https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/us-
viemam-defense-relations-problems-and-prospects/
vi Bin tin Dii Phit thanh qudc te Phap ngay
4/6/2019 tai http://www.rfi.fr/vi/quoc-te/20l90604
-tin-doc-nhanh
13.An ninh bien dupe xem xet gdm ea 3 nhdm. tranh
chdp yeu sach biln v i lanh thd; ting cudng hi?n
dai hoa quan su va lue lugng chap phap lam gia
ting nguy co xung dot tren bien; viee sir dung
luc lupng ban quan su de cudng ^p cac ben yeu
sich khac, hinh xit khong an toin tren bign, tren
khdng va eat tao dao quy md Idn.
14.Ngiy 7/5/2009, ciing vdi Cong him giii Tdng
Thir ky Lien Hop quoc de phan ddi Vi?t Nam
nop Bao eio quoc gia ve ranh gidi ngoii thgm
luc dia cho Uy ban Ranh gidi them luc dia,
Trung Qude da giti kem mgt sa do the hi^n
dudng yeu sach 9 doan, doi hon 80% chii quygn
tren Bien Dong.
15.Xem them Bin Thj Thao (2016), "Nhan to Hoa
Ky trong ehinh sich qudc phdng - an ninh ciia
Vigt Nam hien nay", Tap chi Nghien cim Ddng
Nam A, so 8( 197), tr. 14-23 Ngay tit su kien tau
an ninh hing hai Trung Qudc cit cap thim do
dau khi eiia tiu Binh Minh 2 thugc Petro Vi^t
Nam nim 20! 1 den nay. My ludn la cudng qudc
CHAU M Y NGAY NAY
the hien rd nhat, thudng xuyen va manh me cac
tuyen bd va hinh dpng ch6ng lai cie hanh ddng
khieu khich, eoi thudng luat phip ngay cing
quyit doin, tho bao cua Trung Qu6c tai Bien
Dong. Tir cudi thing 5/2019, Thupng vien MJ^ d i
ra du luat chong lai hanh dpng ciia Trung Qudc d
Bien Ddng v i Hoa Ddng. Ddi vdi chuoi sit kien
til gi&a thing 6 din thing 8/2019, ngay
20/7/2019, ngay sau khi Viet Nam ehinh thiic
phan ddi viee Trung Quoc dua tau Khao sat dia
chat Hai Duong 8 vio sau viing thim lue dia
thudc dae quyen kinh tl ciia Viet Nam tai khu
vuc bai Tu Chinh gin dio Trudng Sa, My da ra
Thdng eio len an hanh dgng ciia Trung Qudc. Tu
lenh Tuan duygn MJ* (USCG) - Dd ddc Karl L.
Sehultz - keu gpi cie ddng minh v i doi tic ciia
My tai khu vuc Ddng A cimg hpp tac vdi Vi^t
Nam dg chdng lai hinh dgng ngang ngupc ciia
Trung Qudc tai Bien Ddng.
Id.Trong cudc hgp vdi Bp Ngoai giao ngiy
24/7/2019, Tdng thdng My D. Trump ra tuyen bd
keu gpi cie nha khai thae dau khi My ho trg Viet
Nam tai Biln Dong. Ngay 7/8/2019, My cho tau
san bay USS Ronald Reagan tien vao Bien Ddng
thuc thi quyin tu do hang hai va dyng y ung hg
Viet Nam. Sau khi tau Hai Ducmg 8 ciia Trung
Qudc quay trd lai (13/8/2019) khu vue thim lyc
dia Viet Nam, Bp Ngoai giao M J (22/8/2019),
tilp din la Bp Qudc phdng My (27/8/2019) lien
tue ra thdng cao !en an hinh vi leo thang can
thiep mang tinh i p biic ciia Trung Qudc d Bign
Ddng. Tirngay 2/6 d i n ngiy 6/9/2019, hai quan
My ciing Viet Nam va cac nude Dong Nam A
t|p tran ehung trong pham vi tir cing Sattahip
(Thai Lan) kep dii den mui c i Mau (Viet Nam)
dg hd trg nang luc hii quin cua c i e nude Dong
Nam A.
17.Trong mot sd trudng hgp, hinh dpng cua My
dugc eho la dS cd sir can nhSc trudc thai dp cua
Viet Nam doi vdi Trung Qudc va hiy thude vio
Igi ich My. My da khong cd dpng thai phin doi
nao ddi vdi Tmng Qude sau khi Trung Qudc
cudng ^p chinh quygn Vi?t Nam ttr bd quyen
dugc tiep can, khai thae ngudn tai nguygn d viing
die quyen kinh te vao thing 7/2017 va thing
3/2018, thdng qua viec Trung Qudc bugc Tap
doan diu khi Qudc gia Viet Nam phai dinh ehi
viec tham dd dau khi ciia Tap doan Repsol (Tay
Ban Nha) tai Id 136-03 thugc du in C i Rdng Dd
d ngoii khai phia ddng nam ciia Vigt Nam. Cy
thl, trong su6t thdi gian tren, Trung Quoc lien
tuc gay i p luc, klidng ngirng de dga tin cong eac
khu vyc thugc quyin kiem soit ciia Viet Nam tai
vimg biln thupc quSn dao Trudng Sa de cudi
cimg Viet Nam phai dinh chi viec khai thie ciia
Repsol. Ding chii y la, ngay c i khi M^ dua tiu
san bay Carl Vinson thuc hien ehuyen thSm Ijch
sir tai D i NSng, thing 3/2018, nic trong khoang
CHAU MY NGAY NAY
thdi gian ndi tren, My da khong phin ddi hanh
ddng bit nat, uy higp eiia Trung Qudc ddi vdi
Viet Nam. Nhung su kien nay it nhigu cho thay
suf ling hd cd gidi han ciia My ddi vdi Viet Nam
ve van dl Biln Ddng.
IS.Hanh dpng Trung Qu6e lien tue gay han Viet
Nam tir gifta thing 6/2019 v i dua tau khio sit
dia chat Hii Ducmg 8 dugc doan tau hii eanh v i
tau dan quan bien hd tdng vio sau trong them luc
dia thupc Viing dSc quygn kinh tg cua Viet Nam
tai khu virc bai Tu Chinh gin dao Trudng Sa tir
giiia thing 7/2019 dupe cho li dl pha hoai no luc
eiia My nham md rpng mang ludi ddi tac an ninh
ciia chien luge An Dg Duang - Thii Binh Duong
chdng lai Trung Qudc, ddng thdi trimg phat Viet
Nam vi da ed bude tign trong hop tic an ninh -
qudc phdng vdi MJ.
19.Xem Ding Dinh Quy (2012), Quan he My - Viet
Nam, Luan in Tien sT Lieh sit, Hpc vien Khoa
hpc xa hdi. Ha Ngi, tr28.
20.BTA dugc xay dung tren eac tigu chuan cita
WTO do do ddi hdi Viet Nam cai each sau rpng
he thdng kinh t l bdi "hau nhu toan bp h% thdng
kinh t l Viet Nam diu bi dung cham, ttr thuong
mai, diu tu, dieh vu, sd hiJu tri tue". Dieu niy li
nic thang quan trpng dl kinh te Viet Nam hdi
nhap khu vuc v i the gidi.
21.Theo sd lieu cua Bd Ngoai giao My, cdng bd
ngay 12/11/2017, tai dja ehi https://www.state,
gov/u-s-relations-with-Vietnam/
27
22.Theo My, cae san pham thep chdng gi va thep
cudn can ngudi ciia Viet Nam xuit khau sang
My da sir dung thep chat nen cd ngudn goe Han
Qudc hoac Dai Loan - hai mrdc dang bi My
danh thue tir thing 12/2015 (ddi vdi thep chdng
gi) va thang 2/2016 (ddi vdi thep eugn can
ngudi). Viec Viet Nam xuat khiu hang hoa nhu
tren bi My danh gii tigu eye vi da giiip Han
Qudc v i Dii Loan trdn thul chdng bin phi gii
(antidumping duty) v i thul chdng trg cip
(countervailing duty) cua My. Ddng thai trimg
phat ciia My ddi vdi Viet Nam d i tie dgng
manh den thi trudng xuit khiu thep ciia Viet
Nam, inh hudng xau den uy tin v i can can
thuang mai My - Viet.
23.Viec Hoa Ky hoa giii v i thiet lap quan he ehinh
thiic (ngiy 11/7/1995) da nhanh ch6ng phi vd
trang thii bi cd lap vg ngoai giao ciia ViSt Nam.
Nhieu su kien dign ra hen tigp ngay sau dd: Viet
Nam ky Hiep dinh khung vl licrp tic kinh tg
thuang mai vdi Lign minh chau Au (EU) - ngay
17/7/1995; gia nhap Hiep hpi cac qudc gia Dong
Nam A (ASEAN) - ngay 28/7/1995 da md ra
khdng gian ddi ngoai rdng idn, dinh dau sir khdi
diu qua trinh hdi nhap eiia Viet Nam vio ddi
sdng ehinh trj khu vuc va qudc te. Xem them Lg
van Anh, Bui Thi Thio (2013), "Nhan t l Hoa
Ky trong tiin trinh hgi nhip qudc te ciia Viet
Nam", Tap chi Khoa hpc D^i hpc Hue, Chuyen
san KHXH&NV, Tap 82 sd 82, tr 7.