CHiNH SACH DOI NGOAI CUA MY DO!

VOI DAI LOAN:

CO SO HINH THANH VA NOI OONG CHlNH SACH

PHAN IH! mix wnf N-

Tdm tit: Ddl Logn ludn Id vdn di nhcty cdm Irong quan hi My - Trung. Theo cdc nhd
phdn tich, neu My tir bd Ddi Loan, cdc nude trong khu vuc cd Ihi se dung vi phia Bac Kinh
vd do se la khdt ddu cho that ky khung hodng cita My. Bat vdy, ngodl nhirng ddng minh
truyin thdng a khu vuc Id Nhgt Bdn vd Hdn Qudc, My cUng rdt coi trgng vi tri ciia Ddl
Logn, cdn Ddi Loan nhu mdt con hdi di gdy sac ep, kiim chi vd mgc cd trong vlfc xu ly
quan hf nhiiu mat vdi Trung Qudc - "ddi thit" cgnh trgnh vi tri siiu cudng vai My. Dtiu
ndy dd ldm gta tdng tdm quan trong ciia Ddt Loan trong chinh sdch dot ngogi ciig My.
Trong phgm vi bdi viit ndy, tdc gid se chi ra vd phdn tich ca so hinh thdnh cUng nhu nhiing
diem chinh trong chinh sdch cua My ddi vdi Ddt Loan.
Til khda: Dai Loan, My, Ddng Bic A, Chinh sach ddi ngoai

1, Ca sd ho^ch djnh chinh sach cda My
doi vdi Bii Loan
Khudn khd cac chinh sach co ban ciia My
ddi vdi Dai Loan da dugc dat ra hang thap
ky trade. Nhtmg kl tit khi My md rdng quan
he ngoai giao vdi Trang Qudc vao nam 1971,
chinh sach ciia My vdi Dai Loan da dugc
djnh hinh lai ttong khudn khd ciia cac tai
lieu chinh la ba ban thdng cao My - Trang,
Luat Quan hd vdi Dai Loan va "Sau cam
kit" vdi Dai Loan.
Thong cdo Thuang Hdi (thdng 2/1972)
Thdng cao Thugng Hai da dugc ky kit
vao ngay 27 thang 2 nam 1972 ttong chuydn
tham cip nha nude tdi Trang Qudc cua Tdng
thdng My Richard Nixon. Day la chuydn
tham ljch sii gitta hai nude khi Nixon tt-d
thanh Tong thdng My diu tien dat chan ddn
Trang Qudc. Trong chuyin tham nay, Tdng
thong My Nixon va Thu tudng Trang Quoc
Chu An Lai da ra Thdng eao chung Thu(;mg
Hai. Thdng cao chung tdm tit cic llnh vyc
ma hai bdn da thda thuan dugc va nhihig
diim cdn bat ddng. Tuy nhidn, phan ldn
thdng cao chung dl cap ddn Chinh phii
Trang Hoa Dan Quoc d Dai Loan. Day la
mdt vin dd cd tam quan trpng to Itim, do
Tmng Qudc tuydn bo rang nude nay sS
khdng bit diu quan he ngoai giao vdi Hoa
Ky cho din khi Hoa Ky cit diit quan he
ngoai giao vdi Dai Loan. Trong thdng
cao chtmg, Tdng thdng My R.Nixon hira sd
din cit giam su hidn dien quan sy cua My d
Dai Loan, ddng thdi. My thua nhan quan
diim cua Tmng Qudc trong quan hd vdi Dai
Loan - nghTa la chi cd "mpt Tmng Quoc",
Dai Loan la mpt bd phan cua Trang Qudc,
quan diim "mpt Tmng Qudc" la tuy theo

• ThS., Vien Nghien cim Bong Bac A

NQHIEN Cdu OdNQ BflC fl. s6 11(225) 11-2019

13

each hieu ciia mdi bdn va M> khdng thach
thirc quan didm dd.
Thdng cdo chung ve viec thiet lap quan
hf ngogi giao (thdng 1 nam 1979)
Dya frdn lgi ich chung va cac toan tinh
chidn lyge. My va Tmng Qudc da binh
thudng hda quan he vao thang 2 nam 1972
va tidn tdi thidt lap quan he ngoai giao chinh
thirc vao nam 1979. Ngay 15 thang 12 nam
1978, My va Tmng Qudc da ddng \ thidt lap
quan hd ngoai giao kd tir thang 1 nam 1979.
Hai ben khing djnh cac nguydn tic ciia
Thdng cao Thupng Hai nam 1972 \a tuyen
bo mong mudn giam thidu nguy ca ximg dpt
quan sy qudc td. Trpng Thdng cao binh
thudng hda, Hoa Ky cdng nhan Chinh phu
Tmng Qudc la chinh quydn hgp phap duy
nhit va "cdng nhan" lap tradng cua Trang
Quoc ring Dai Loan la mgt phan eiia Trang
Quoc, ttong khi van duy tti van hda, thucmg
m^i va quan hd khdng chinh friiic vdi Dai
Loan.Trong cac tuydn bd di kem vd Thdng
cao binh thudng hda, Washington tiep tuc
khing djnh ring: "MJ ty tin ting ngudi dan
Dai Loan sd cd mpt ndn hda binh va tucmg
lai thjnh vugng. My tiep tuc quan tam den
giai phap hda binh ddi \di cac van dd Dai
Loan \a hy vgng ring van dd Dai Loan se
dupc giai quyet mdt each hda binh bdi chinh
ngudi Trang Qudc"' Vide binh thudng hda
quan hd vdi Trung Quoe lidn quan den viec
chim ddt quan he chinh thuc vdi Dai Loan,
nit cac dpi quan edn lai va eham diit hidp
udc an ninh. Dieu nay da vap phai sy phan
ling tu phia Dai Loan va dd xoa dju hdn dao
' us. Department of State Bulletin, vol. 79 (1979). y
14
Nghien cicu khoaJl££
nay. Qudc hdi My da dat dugc sy ddng
thuan khi ban hanh mgt dao luat \ ao thang •*
nam 1979 dugc ggi la Luat Quan he \ di Dai
Loan.
Lual Quan he v&i Bdi Loan (thdng ^
nam 1979)
Khi My khdi phuc quan hd vdi Trung
Qudc dai luc va cat dirt quan he ngoai giao
vdi Dai Loan, da dl lai mdt chide "gay nhu
\". dd chinh la "Luat Quan he vdi Dai Loan".
Dudi su khang nghj kjch liet cua ngudi dan
Dai Loan, Qudc hdi My da khdi dpng va
cudi cimg da xay dyng Luat Quan he vdi Dai
Loan (TRA), dupc ky kit thanh diiu luat bdi
Tdng thdng My Jimmy Carter vao ngay 10
thang 4 nam 1979. Luat nay da thay thd
"Hiep dinh tuong trg phdng thu" giua Dai
Loan \a My da bj eham dirt do cat dirt quan
he ngoai giao. Dieu nay mpt lan nua cho
iha\. M\ khdng bao gid tu bd lpi ich cua
minh d Dai Loan - mdt vi tri chiln luge
quan ttpng dugc sir dung nhu mgt cdng cy
ttong chinh sach ciia My ddi vdi Tmng Qudc.
Theo TRA, sau khi My cit dirt quan he
ngoai giao vdi Dai Loan, My va Dai Loan
van duy tri cac mdi quan he dya tren co sd
quan he khdng chinh thuc. Ngi dung quan
ttpng trong dao luat nay chinh la duy tri an
ninh trdn eo bidn Dai Loan; thua nhan nhung
khdng cdng nhan chii quyin cua Trang Qudc
vdi Dai Loan, coi thyc trang cua Dai Loan la
didu chua dugc xac djnh nhung phai dugc
giai quyit mgt each hda binh, coi cac nd lyc
cua Trang Qudc nhim ep budc Dai Loan
thdng nhit la mdt mdi de dpa ldn ddi vdi an
nmh My, cho phep ban vu khi phdng ve cho
NQHIEN Cdu OdNQ BflC fl, sd l l ( 2 2 5 n H ^
Nghien cicu khoa hpc
Dai Loan nham ran de Trang Qudc va thanh
l^p Vidn Hoa Ky tai Dai Loan^.
ThSng cao Thuang Hai II (thing 8 nam
1982)
Luat Quan he vdi Dai Loan da vip phai
sy phan ddi gay gat tir phia chinh quydn
Dang Cgng san Trang Qudc, bdi vay khi dng
Ronald Reagan ldn lam Tdng thdng My, dd
xoa dju Bic Kinh cQng nhy dd khdng lam
anh hudng ddn myc tieu "lidn kdt Trang
Qudc ddi khang Lidn Xd", vao thang 8 nam
1982, Thdng cao Thugng Hai II da dugc ky
ket. Npi dung chinh cua thdng cao nay la
giai quydt van dd My ban vu khi cho Dai
Loan. Theo thdng cao nay , sd lugng vii khi
My ban cho Dai Loan se khdng dugc vugt
qua muc cung img frong vai nam sau khi My
va Trung Qudc thidt lap quan hd ngoai giao,
ddng thdi My se phai giam thidu vide ban vii
khi cho Dai Loan. Hoa Ky tuydn bd rang hg
khdng tim each thyc hien vide ban vu khi lau
dai cho Dai Loan; cho ring doanh sd ban vu
khi cho Dai Loan khdng vugt qua mile cho
phep kl tir khi thidt lap quan he ngoai giao
gitta My va Trang Qudc, ddng thdi phia Hoa
Ky cung dy djnh giam dan doanh sd ban vu
khi cho Dai Loan trong mdt khoang thdi
gian cho din khi dat dugc giai phap cudi
cimg^. Bdn canh dd, frong Thdng cao nam
1982, Hoa Ky ciing xac nhan se khdng theo
dudi chinh sach "hai Tmng Qudc"; hoan
' Chiris Horton (2019), "Taiwan's Status Is a Geopolitical
Absurdity", https://www.theatlantic.com/interTiational/ar
chive/2019/07/taiwans-status-geopolitical-absurdity/
593371/.
' John F.Copper (1992), China Diplomacy,
Washington-Taipei-Beijing Triangle, Westview Press,
Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford, p. 54.
NQHIEN Cdu OdNQ BflC fl, s6 11(225) 11-2019
nghdnh nhiing bidn phap hda binh ciia Cpng
hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa.
Sdu cam kit (thing 7 nam 1982)
Vao ngay 14 thang 7 nam 1982. mpt
thang tnrdc khi Thdng eao Thutjng Hai II
dupc cdng bd. My da thdng qua mpt kdnh
thich hpp, tuydn bd thyc hidn sau cam kit
vdi phia Dai Loan, rang: khdng dong y in
djnh ngay nhat djnh dd eham dirt bin vu khi
cho Dai Loan; khdng ddng y tham gia cae
cupc tham van trudc vdi Bic Kinh vd vide
ban vii khi cho Dai Loan; khdng ddng bat ky
vai trd hda giai nao giua Dai Bie va Bic
Kinh; khdng ddng y sira ddi TRA; khdng
thay ddi lap tmdng lau dai vd van dd chu
quydn ddi vdi Dai Loan; va sd khdng ed
ging gay ap lyc dd Dai Loan tham gia dam
phan vdi Tmng Qudc"*. "Sau cam kdt" sau dd
da dugc Bd Ngoai giao Dai Loan chinh thiic
cdng bd. Phia Trang Qudc van ludn nghi
ngd vd hieu lyc ciia "sau cam kdt" nay, mdi
khi My ban vu khi hoac hgp tac quan sy vdi
Dai Loan, Bic Kinh lai nhic lai ba ban
Thdng cao lien hgp My - Trang, ydu cau My
nhanh chdng eham dirt ban vu khi cho Dai
Loan. Nam 2016, ba Thai Anh Van trd thanh
nha lanh dao Dai Loan, quan he tren eo bidn
Dai Loan ngay cang cang thing. Ha vidn My
da thdng qua mdt nghj quydt chung vao nam
dd, va lan dau tidn, "sau cam kdt" da dugc
khing dinh bang van ban. Hang Thdng tan
Trang uang Dai Loan dang bai phan tich
ndi, "Luat Quan he vdi Dai Loan nhidu nam
qua ludn bj Bac Kinh coi nhu cai gai trong
mit, dl can bang sire manh ngay cang ldn
The
* The "Six assurances" to Taiwan (1982) hllp://www.
taiwandocuments.org/assurances.htm.
15

cua Trung Qudc, M> khdng chi khdng nhd
cai gai dd ra, ma cdn cam sau han nua"'
2. Npi dung chinh sach doi ngoai cua
My vdi Dai Loan
Ba ban Thdng cao My - Tnmg cac nam
1972, 1978, 1982, Luat Quan bd vdi Dai
Loan va "Sau cam ket" dygc xem la djnh
hudng va khudn khd cho gidi cam quyin
Hoa Ky hoach djnh chinh sach vdi Dai Loan.
Ciing chinh bdi can cir theo nhtmg van ban
fren, nen frong chinh sach cua My vdi Dai
Loan vin ludn phai tinh den nhan td Tnmg
Qudc. Ndi each khac, de kiem che Trung
Qudc, My thi hanh chinh sach hai mjt, mpt
m$t thua nhan Dai Loan la mgt bp phan ciia
Tnmg Qudc va mat khac, tang cudng cac
bipn phap can trd Tmng Qudc thdng nhat
Dai Loan. Vdi vj tri dja chien lupc tai khu
vye Ddng Bae A, sy phat frien kinh te va an
ninh cda Dai Loan deu cd vai ttd quan ttpng
doi vdi lijd ich ciia My, chinh vi vay cac nha
lanh dao Hoa Ky da de ra chinh sach ddi
ngoai ridng vtii Dai Loan, cu the 14:
Binh on chinh trj, thiic diy quan hf
ngogi giao khong chinh thirc
Chinh sich cua Hoa Ky vtii Dai Loan
dugc quy djnh ttong Luat Quan hd vtii Dai
Loan nam 1979 van bat ngudn tu quan diem
binh dn tinh trang chinh hi khi TRA dugc
ban hanh. Gitii cam quydn My cho ring binh
dn chinh ttj la each duy nhit dd giu gui hda
binh va dn dinh eo bidn Dai Loan ttudc khi
cd thi dd ra cac thda thuan hda bmh . Mgt
mjt My gitt lap ttirdng "mpt Trang Qudc",
' Ttt D?t (2019), "40 nam Lu^t Quan h4 Dii Loan: Cii gai
trong mat mi Bic Kinh kh6ng thi nh6", https://trithuc
vn.net'tnmg-quoc40-nam-Iuat-quan-he-<Iai-Ioan-cai-gai-
trong-mat-ma-bac-kinh-khong-the-nho.html.
16
Nghien cicu khoaj}Sl
nic khdng cdng nhan Dai Loan la mgt qu""-'
gia dpc lap dl duy tti quan he \di Tmng
Qudc, mat khac tiip tyc duy tti quan he vdi
Dai Loan dl gitt Dai Loan trong vdng lay
ciia minh va kiim chl Tmng Qudc. Luat
Quan he vdi Dai Loan chi ro "lgi ich chung
cua Hoa Ky trong viec giai quydt vin dd cita
Dai Loan ttong hda binh, rang bat cir giai
phap \u lyc nao diu la "mdi quan ngai sau
sic vdi Hoa Ky". Dao luat cdn dl thdm rang
chinh sach cua Hoa Ky la "duy tti kha nang
ciia Hoa Ky dl chdng lai ep budc" khi ndi vd
vin dl d Dai Loan'. My tiin hanh cac bidn
phap ngan chan khdng cho chinh quydn Dai
Loan xich lai gin Trang Qudc dai lyc. My
cd vu Dai Loan tang cucmg quan he chat che
vtii Nhat Ban nham cung cd vttng chac ban
mang ludi ddng minh cua My tai khu vyc
Ddng Bie A. My hd trg chinh quydn Dai
Loan ttong ttien khai thuc hien "chinh sach
huting Nam mdi", nhim tang cudng quan hd
vdi cac nude Ddng Nam A, Nam A va
Austtalia, giiip Dai Loan timg budc tranh
phu thugc vao Trang Qudc dai Iuc. Trong
nhidm ky cua minh, Tdng thing G. Bush da
ndu rd, mdi quan hd gitta ngudi dan My va
ngudi dan Dai Loan la rit bin chic va than
thiet. Tat ca cac yiu td trong chinh sach ddi
ngoai ciia Hoa Ky vdi Dai Loan vin cdn
hieu lyc. Hoa Ky duy tri cam kit thyc hidn
theo Luat Quan he vdi Dai Loan. Didu quan
ttgng nhit trong chinh sach iy chinh la sy
quan tam cua Hoa Ky vd vide giai quyit hda
binh xuydn eo biln. Hoa Ky da nhin manh
tam quan trpng cua ddi thoai xuyen eo bidn
Ken> Dumbaugh (2009), Taiwan-U.S. Relalions-
Developments and Policy Implications. Congressional
Restarch Service, CRS Report for Congress, p. 4.
NQHI6H c d u OdMQ B ^ fl, s d 11(225) II.J019
Nghien cicu khoa hpc

theo bidn phap tidp can dan gian cho cac van tradng qudc td . Thdm vao dd. My da timg
de rat phirc tap; Tich cyc nhat la giam thieu cho phep gidi lanh dao Dai Loan tidn hanh
eang thang, thuc day ddi thoai xuydn eo bidn, cac cudc vieng tham Washington va dugc
va duy tri hda binh, dn djnh trong khu vyc; nude nay ddn tidp nhu nguydn thu qudc gia
cdn tidu cyc la lam gia tang cang thang, cua mdt nude ; thiic day boat ddng ngoai
ddng bang ddi thoai, va tao sy bat dn, xung giao cdng khai vdi Dai Loan qua cac ehuyen
dot trong khu vyc. Ro rang, qua trinh nay tham quan chirc cap cao'^; cho phep lanh
phai dugc thyc hidn trdn co sd ciing ddng dao cao nhat cua Dai Loan di qua lanh thd
thuan. Lidn quan ddn nguydn tac "mdt Trang My ttong chuydn di cua hp dd thuan tipn
Qudc", lam thd nao dd xac djnh nd mdt each frong thdi gian qua canh, nhtmg khdng thyc
cu thi va lam the nao dd nhan ra nd mot each hidn bat ky boat dpng cdng khai nao. Cudi
rd rang la frach nhidm cua ca hai ben eo bidn thang 5, dau thang 6 nam 2001, My cho
trdn CO sd chap nhan lan nhau. Cdn lam thd phep ngudi dimg dau Dai Loan Trin Thiiy
nao dd thuc diy ddi thoai xuydn eo biln va Biln qua canh My tren dudng tham cac nude
htpp tac lai tiiy thupc vao thai dp cua hai bdn.
Trang My. Thang 3/2002, My cap visa cho
Cd thd ndi, chinh sach nay cua My chua quan chile Dai Loan Thang Didu Minh dd dy
thoit khdi khudn khd "mgt, hai, ba - mgt "Hpi nghj cip cao phdng vd My - Dai Loan"
nude Trang Hoa, hai quy dao, duy tri mdt do My td chuc. Gan day nhit, nha 15nh dao
Dai Loan khdng chien tranh, khdng thdng duong nhidm cua Dai Loan la ba Thai Anh
nhit, khdng dpc lap"' van da qua canh tai Hawaii (My) vio thing
Ngoai vide binh dn chinh trj d eo bidn Dai 3/2019 sau khi kit thuc chuyin tham quan
Loan, gidi cam quyin Hoa Ky cdn tang dao Marshall trong khudn khd chuyin cdng
cudng thuc day ngoai giao khdng chinh thuc du "Hanh trinh dan chu hai duong" vi vio
vdi Dai Loan. Phia Hoa Ky da mdi quan thang 7/2019, ba Thai da dtrng chan tai My
chuc Dai Loan den tham cac tda nha chinh trong 4 ddm sau chuydn tham tdi bdn ddng
frj cila Hoa Ky; tham dy cac sy kien dac bidt minh d Caribe. Day la lan qua canh lau nhSt
nhu Id tuydn the nham chiic, cac ngay Id ky cila ngucri diing dau Dai Loan trdn lanh tho
nidm.... Ddng thdi cac Bp Thuang mai, Bp My. Trade chuydn di ciia ba Thai, Trang
Qudc phdng, Kho bac va Nha nude Hoa Ky Qudc da ydu cau My khdng cho lanh dao
ciing tang cudng sy phdi hgp chat chd vdi
nhau, thudng xuydn td chile cac cugc hgp • B i i Loan da gia nhip APEC (1991), gia nhip WTO
lidn nganh, lidn quan den cac van dd chinh (2001). Thing 10/2001, Ha nghi vien My thong qua nghi
quyat khuyan khich Dai Loan tham gia vio cic hogt dpng
sach va cac van dd lien quan ddn Dai Loan. ciia Lien Hop Qu6c v i cic to chuc Cjuoc te khic...
Hoa Ky cung hd frg tich cyc ban cho su ' My timg cho phep nguoi diing dau Dai Loan Ly Ding
Huy tham My dii vcri nr each c i nhan vio thing 6/1995.
tham gia cua Dai Loan frong cac td chirc " Thang 9/2011, Thii trudng thuong mai Hoa K> Suresh
qudc tl, nang cao vi thd cua Dai Loan frdn Kuman thim Dii Loan. Thing 3/2018, 6ng Alex Wong,
Pho trg Iy bo tnrong phu trach cic van de khu vyc E)6ng
A va Thai Binh Duong thugc Bg Ngo^i giao My, cti
chuyen tham ba ngay dgn Dii Loan. Thing 4/2019, Ph6
' Nguyin v a n Lip (2001), Quan he Trung - My co gi mat,
trg ly Ngoai tnrong My David Meale tham Dii Loan...
Nxb Thong tin. H i Ngi. tr. 138.

NQHIEN Cdu OdNQ BflC fl, i611(225) 11-2019

17

Dai Loan qua canh. nhtmg thyc td. chuj en di
cua ba Thai van dien ra theo ke hoach. bit
chap sy phan ddi gay gat va gay sdc ep tir
phia BSc Kinh. Theo cac nha phan tich, lin
dimg chan dai nay cua ba Thai Anh Van d
My lam ndi bat sy ung hd cua chinh qu) en
Tdng thdng My Donald Tramp \ di nha lanh
dao nay gitta thdi diem ba chiu sue dp gia
tang tir Trang Qudc.
Dac bipt, vao thang 3 2018, Tdng thdng
D.Tramp da ky ban hanh Dao luat di lai Dai
Loan, mpt dao luat mang lai cho tdng thdng
vd b(?c chinh tri nhim thay ddi dang kd
chinh sach cila My ddi \di Dai Loan theo
each sd khidn Trang Qudc vd cimg tire gian.
Dy luat nay dugc eae dang vidn dang Cgng
hda frong Qudc hgi dua ra mgt nam trudc va
ca hai vidn da ddng loat nhat tri thdng qua
vao thang 2/2018. Dao luat na\ eho phep cac
quan chile My d mgi cap cd thd ttii Dai Loan
dd gjp nhiing ngudi ddng cap Dai Loan cua
hp va cac quan chuc cap cao Dai Loan ttii
My de g$p cac quan chirc My. bao gdm cac
quan chirc tir Bp Ngoai giao va Bp Qudc
phdng. Bing vi?c ky ban hanh dao luat nay,
dng Tramp da phat di tin hieu tdi Bic Kinh
rang dng sd can nhic cho phep cac cupc tidp
xuc cip cao My - Dai Loan theo kieu thudng
danh cho cac nude cd quan he ngoai giao
chinh thirc. Va mdi day. Ha vien M> da
thdng qua Du luat bao lanh Dai Loan nam
2019 ma khdng cd bit ky y kidn phan ddi
nao nhim img hd Dai Loan friam gia cac td
chirc qudc tl cda Lidn Hgp Qudc nhu Dai
hgi ddng Y tl thi gitii (WHA), Cdng udc
khung eua Lidn Hpp Qudc vd Bidn ddi khi
hau (UNFCCC).
18
Nghien cicu khjjaMi-
Thdc diy trao ddi thutmg mgi. buon ban
vu khi
M\ da duy tti va tang cudng quan h?
thuong mai vdi Dai Loan tu nam 1979. Dai
Loan la ddi tae thuang mai Itin thit 11 cua
.M\. la ndn kinh tl ldn thil 22 Ihl gidi va la
mdt mit xich quan ttgng ttong chudi cung
ung cua Thung lung Silicon" Vien Hoa Ky
tai Dai Loan (AIT) da tham gia mpt loat cac
cudc Uiao luan thuong mai tap ttraig vao
viec bao \e quydn sd huu tri tud va tidp can
thj ttudng ddi vdi hang hda va djch vy ciia
Hoa Ky. Hoa Ky cd thda thuan khung
thuong mai va diu tu vdi Dai Loan dudi su
bao ttg cda AIT va Van phdng Dai didn Van
hda va Kinh tl Dai Bic (TECRO) tai Hoa
K%. Xuit khiu cua My sang Dai Loan ludn
nhidu hon gap ddi so vtii Trung Qudc dai lyc.
Cae tap doan ldn tai My quan tam nhidu hom
ddn thj ttudng Dai Bic, tham chi cdn canh
tranh \di cac cdng ty Chau Au ttong nhidu
dy an tai day.
Bdn canh chinh sach thuc day ttao ddi
thucmg mai, dau tu vtii Dai Loan, My cdn
tim each ldi keo Dai Loan thdng qua nhiing
hijp ddng mua ban vii khi nhim gia tang siic
manh ciing nhu dam bao hau thuin vd an
ninh. Theo Luat Quan hd vtii Dai Loan, My
cd "trach nhidm" eung cip cho Dai Loan cac
vat phim va djch vy qudc phdng vdi myc
dii:h ty phdng vd. TRA hiydn bd ring, "Tdng
thdng va Qudc hdi My sd xac djnh tinh chit
va sd lupng vat chit va djch vu qudc phdng
do dya frdn phan doan vl nhu ciu cua Dai
Loan, theo cac thu tuc dugc thiit lap hop
phap. TRA tiip tuc khing dinh "vide xac
Chiris Hortonm (2019), Tldd.
NQHIEN Cdu OdNQ BflC fl, s d 11(225) 11-2019
Nghien cicu khoa hpc
djnh nhu cau qudc phdng cua Dai Loan nhu
vay can tdi sy xem xdt ciia chinh quyin quan
sy Hoa Ky ciing nhu cac dl xuil ldn Tdng
thing va Qudc hgi"'l K I tir thdi Tdng thdng
G.Bush, phia My da nhidu lin tiin hanh trao
ddi mua ban vii khi vdi Dai Loan vdi sd
lugng ldn, tidu biiu nhu thang 8 nam 2008,
Lau nam gdc thdng bao rang hg da trao cho
tap doan McDonnell-Douglas (thugc sd httu
cua Boeing) mdt hgp ddng cung cip cho Dai
Loan 60 tdn lua Harpoon va phan cirng lidn
quan, trj gia 89,8 fridu USD ma Dai Loan
ydu cau trong nam 2007. Vao ngay 3 thang
10 nam 2008, Co quan Hgp tac An ninh
Qudc phdng My (DSCA) da thdng bao cho
Qudc hpi nude nay vd viec ban cho Dai
Loan sau loai vat phim va thidt bj qudc
phdng khac nhau, phii hgp vdi chinh sach
ciia TRA, vdi gia trj khoang 6,4 ty U S D ' ^
Hay nhu trong nhidm ky ciia minh, Tdng
thdng My B.Obama cQng da phe duyet hai
hgp ddng ban vu khi cho Dai Loan trj gia 6,4
ty USD vao nim 2010 va 1,83 ty USD vao
nam 2015. Cd thd thay, thdng qua vide ban
vii khi cho Dai Loan, My da tao dugc sy phu
thupc nhat djnh ciia Dai Loan ddi vdi My
frong nd lyc chdng lai nhiing de dpa an ninh
tir phia Tmng Qudc. Tuy nhidn, nhiing hijp
ddng mua ban vu khi nay cua My va Dai
Loan deu vap phai sy phan ddi manh md tir
phia Bac Kinh. Chu tjch Trung Qudc khi dd
la dng Hd Cam Dao da keu gpi My ngimg
ban tat ca cac loai vu khi cho Dai Loan, dac
bipt la cac vu khi tinh vi. Ong Obama dap lai
ring boat dpng ban vQ khi ctia My ludn nhat
quan vdi Thdng cao chung My - Trung, va
" Keny Dumbaugh (2009), Tldd, p.2I.
" Keiry Dumbaugh (2009), Tldd, p. 13.
NGHIEN Cdu OdNG BflC fl. i6 11(225) 11-2019
viec lam cua My ciing tuan theo Luat vl
Quan he vdi Dai Loan, la dao luat u\ thac
vide ban vii khi nay'^ Tdng thdng M\ hidn
nay la dng Donald Trump sau khi ldn elm
quydn ciing da hai lin dat dupc thda Uiuan
vd viec ban vii khi eho Dai Loan vdi hpp
ddng 1,42 ti USD vao giua nam 2017 va hgp
ddng 330 ttidu USD vao thang 10/2018 vdi
cac linh kidn may bay quan sy va mpt sd vii
khi. Gan day nhat la vap thang 4 nam nay,
chinh quydn Tdng thdng D.Tramp da ddng y
ban cho Dai Loan gdi djch vy va linh kidn
cho may bay chiln diu F-16 tri gia 500 fri$u
USD, ddn thang 7, My chip thu^ thda
thuan tri gia 2 ty USD dl ban xe tang va tdn
lira cho Dai Loan va trong thang 8, Tdng
thdng Tramp da phe duydt htjp ddng bin
tidm kich F-16 tri gia 8 ty USD cho hdn dio
nay. Dutii thdi Tdng thdng Donald Tramp,
ehinh quydn Washington rat ehii frpng bin
them nhidu vu khi va khuydn khich cic cu^c
trao ddi gitta hai ben. Trang Reuters cho bidt,
udc tinh mdi tuan cd trang binh 100 quan
chuc My (cd ca quan churc quan dpi) tham
Dai Loan. Vide Dai Loan mua vu khi ciia
My khdng chi cd y nghTa gia tang sue manh
cua My tai khu vyc ma cdn mang lai khoan
lgi nhuan Itin, gdp phan gia tang sire manh
kinh td cho cudng qudc nay.
Tuy nhidn, khi ban vii khi cho Dai Loan,
My ciing tinh ddn nhiing gidi ban dd duy fri
nguydn trang, dd la khdng dap img hdt cac
ydu cau vd mua vu khi ciia hdn dio nay dl
khdng gay ndn tinh trang qua cang thing vdi
Trang Qudc, khdng dd Dai Loan cd dii sdc
'* Jeffrey A. Bader (2015), Obama va sir trot rftJy ciia
Trung Qu6c - Ben Irong chien lirftc Chdu A dia M)l, Nxb
Chlnh trj Qudc gia - Su that. H i Ngi, tr. 122.
19
 Nghien cicu khoaJlSi

manh dd ttd ndn cilng rin ban \tii Trang dao na>. Hoa K> cd nghia vu ht^ trg Dai
Qudc, gay khd xir cho M\. Ching ban nhu Loan trong vide du> fri kha nang ty ve mpt
vice My quyet djnh khdng ban cho Dai Loan each nghidm tuc. Diiu na> khdng chi vi luat
may bay ehien diu F16 C D ma chi quyit phap Hoa Ky frong TRA, ma cdn \ i lgi ^h
djnh nang cip F16 A/B vao thang 9 '2011 khi cua Hoa Ky. Chimg nao Dai Loan cdn co
Dai Loan seu cau My ban may bay chiln kha nang phdng thii. thi se edn nhieu diuan
dau F16 C/D de ddi dau vdi Trang Qudc. lgi hon dl ddi thoai hda binh, va do dd toan
Hanh ddng na)' dugc du luan cho la M\ bg khu vyc se In djnh hon. Hoa Ky chii
mudn giam bdt eSng thang vdi Trung Qudc ddng frieo ddi tinh hinh an ninh d eo bidn
khi My va Dai Loan thyc hien hgp ddng mua Dai Loan, ddng thdi cung cap cac vat pham
ban vii khi" va djch vu cho Dai Loan dl dam bao vimg
Bam bio an ninh, ngin chgn su can lanh thd nay cd thi duy hi kha nang ty vd.
thifp quan su tir ben ngoii Chinh bdi vay, dii vip phai sy phan ddi gay
Dai Loan la ddng minh khdng chinh Uiuc git tir phia Bic Kinh, chinh quyen
cua My tai khu vyc Ddng Bic A. frong khi Washington vin duy fri vide dua tau chidn
My ddng vai frd la nha cung cap vu khi nude vao eo biln Dai Loan. Sd lidu ttt Ham dgi
ngoai duy nhat cua Dai Loan. Tau hai quSn Thai Binh Duang cua My eho thiy frong
My nhidu lan cap cang Dai Loan, khdng chi khoang thdi gian tu nam 2007 - 2019, tau
khidn Tnmg Qudc phan ddi gay git ma cdn chiln My da 92 lin di qua eo bidn Dai Loan.
cho thay sy hipn dipn ngay cang nhieu cua Hon ntta, Hoa Ky cd cac myc tidu lidn quan
My tai khu vyc Ddng Bie A ndi ridng va ddn kdt qua cua bat ky cudc xung dot nao,
Chau A ndi chimg. Theo dng Nate ngoai myc tieu chinh la bao ve Dai Loan
Christensen - Phd phat ngdn vidn Ham dpi tnrdc cupc tan cdng khdng cd kdt qua.
Thai Binh Ducmg cua My, boat dpng di qua Washington cam ket duy tri khoang 100.000
eo bidn Dai Loan la mpt phan frpng "cam kdt quan dd dam bao sy dn djnh d Ddng A trong
ciia My vd sy ty do va md cua d khu vyc An tuong iai gan. Muc tidu la dd fran an cac
Dp - Thai Binh Duong". Dd la cam kdt ma ddng minh va ban be khac eung nhu pha tan
My tuydn bd, nhung thyc chat hoat ddng nay eac cudc xam luge khac, cung cd hoSc it
cho thiy "bdng dang" My in dam frong mdi nhat la khdng lam suy yiu cac mdi quan hd
quan he giua hai bd eo bien Dai Loan, hay quan sy trong tuong lai cua Hoa Ky trong
ndi each khac dii khdng thidt lap mdi quan khu vye.
he ngoai giao chinh thirc vdi Dai Loan, song Thdm vao dd, thang 12/2017, Qudc hdi
My vin duy tri cam kit bao ve Dai Loan My da thdng qua Dao luat Uy nhiem qudc .
khdi cac cudc tan cdng tir ben ngoai ciing phdng nam 2018 va Tdng thdng Donald
nhu la nha cung cap vii khi chinh eho hdn Tramp da ky thanh luat". Dao luat nay cho

" Hoing Minh Hang (2015). An nmh Dong Bde A tru&c Daniel Lynch (2018), Playing the Taiwan Card, Trump
sir trSi d^ ciia Trung Qudc vd sir gia tdng can dir chdu A Is Needlessly Provoking China, https://www.foreignafrair
cua Hoa Ky. N \ b Khoa hgc xa hgi. Hi Ngi. tr. 117. s.com,'anicles/china/20I8-03-I9/playing-Uiwan-card.

20 NGHIEN cdu OdNG BflC fl. s d 11(225) 11-20is

Nghien cicu khoa hpc
phep My mdi Dai Loan tham gia cac cudc
tap fran chung My - Dai Loan va can nhic
tinh thich hgp va tinh kha thi cua vide tai
thidt lap trao ddi cac chuydn tham cang gitta
lyc lugng hai quan My va Dai Loan. Dao
luat nay da thyc sy khidn Bac Kinh gian du
va khang djnh rang "ngay ma tau chiln My
ddn Cao Hiing la ngay ma quan giai phdng
nhan dan hap nhat Dai Loan bang sue manh
quan sy"
Ngoai ra, ciing nim chinh sach ddi ngoai
nhim dim bao cung cip kha nang phdng thu
phil hgp cho Dai Loan, phia Hoa Ky da md
rgng cac chucmg trinh "phan mem" vdi Dai
Loan. Cac chuong trinh nay tap trang vao
cac linh vyc nhu lap kd hoach phdng thu,
phdng khdng, nang lyc hang hai, tac chidn
chdng tau ngam, hau can, tap tran chung va
huan luyen. Cac chuang trinh nay phyc vy
nhidu myc dich khac nhau, cho phep Dai
Loan tan dyng va su dyng hidu qua cac he
thdng tan tidn, tao co hdi eho Dai Loan dua
ra nhttng ydu cau, trao ddi vd hidn dai hda
qudc phdng, bao gdm cac van dd chuyen
mdn hda va td chirc, dao tao. Cac chuong
trinh nay cung tang cudng nang lyc cua Dai
Loan dd dua ra cac quydt djnh mua ban hieu
qua, tidt kidm chi phi va quan frpng ban la
sir dung cac thidt bj cua minh hieu qua ban
d l t u vd.
Ke tu khi cit diit quan he ngoai giao vdi
Dai Loan va thidt lap quan he ngoai giao
chinh thirc vdi Trang Qudc vao nam 1979,
chinh sach ctia My vdi Dai Loan ludn dugc
"Daniel Lynch (2018), Tldd.
NQHIEN Cdu OdNQ B^C fl, s611(225) 11-2019
cac hpc gia. cac nha nghidn cim tten thi gidi
quan tam va theo ddi sat sao, bdi 15 tu\ nhit
quan quan diem edng nhan "mpt Trang
Qudc", khdng thua nhan Dai Loan la mpt
qudc gia ddc lap, nhtmg trong mdi quan hd
vtii hdn dao nay, gidi cam quyen Hoa Ky
ludn thd hidn "thien chi", san sang "chia
canh d liu" eho Dai Loan bdi "Dai Loan la
mdt ddi tae an ninh quan trgng ttong vide dat
dugc muc tidu khu vyc An Do Duong - Thii
Binh Duong md va ty do"". Mac dii bit ky
hanh ddng nao cua My nhim tang cudng
boat ddng phdng thu cila Dai Loan ddu sd
khidn Tmng Qudc khd chju, tham chi cd thd
lam anh hudng nghiem trgng din mdi quan
he My - Trang nhtmg cd thd thay My da
dang va se khdng tir bd Dai Loan. M|c cho
sy hien didn qudc te han chd, tam quan trgng
chidn luge cua Dai Loan vdi My la rit Itin.
Vj tti dja ly, ndn kinh td, va an ninh cua hdn
dao nay tat ca ddu mang tinh thidt ydu ddi
vtii lgi ich cua My, va ndu Dai Loan ttd
thanh mdt phan cua Trang Qudc, nhu Bic
Kinh khing djnh, thi Trang Qudc ngay lap
tuc se ttd thanh mpt cudng qudc khu vyc
Thai Binh Duong, nam quydn kidm soat mpt
phan nhiing cdng nghd tidn tidn nhit the gidi,
va cd kha nang ngan chan ngudn dau thd
cung cap cho Nhat Ban va Han Qudc, nhOng
quan bai Trang Qudc cd thd dung dl ddi My
phai ddng cua cac can cu quan sy tai hai
nude nay. Nhd vay, Bac Kinh cd the dat
dugc muc dich diy My ra khdi Chau A. Day
la viin canh Washington khdng hd mong
mudn va tun mgi each dd khdng thd xiy ra.
'Chiris Horton (2019), Tldd.
21

Tu thdi Tdng thdng George W. Bush, Hoa
Ky da tu bd chinh saeh lau dai \ I "sy mo hd
ttong chien luge" va ung hp "su rd rang
ttong chidn luge", dd la nhin manh ban din
lgi ich cua Dai Loan va it quan tam ban din
quan didm cua Trung Qudc. Bing chimg rd
nhat la cac tuydn bd va hanh dgng cOa nha
lanh dao Hoa Ky tidp tuc td ra ung hp Dai
Loan hcm so vdi cac chinh quyin Hoa Ky
trade day, va vipc phd duyet nhidu gdi ban
vii khi cd gia tri ldn cho Dai Loan. Niu nhu
Ting thdng George W. Bush va Barack
Obama han chd chip thuan nhttng thda thuan
ban vii khi ldn cho Dai Loan vi sp lam Bic
Kinh tire gian, thi ddn nhipm ky ciia Tdng
thdng Donald Tramp, chinh sach cua Hoa
Ky vdi Dai Loan da cd nhidu budc tidn mdi,
td rd lap tradng img hg va gin kdt ch$t chd
vdi hdn dao nay. Cd thd ndi, tinh ddn thdi
diem hidn tai, Tdng thdng My Donald
Tramp la ngudi lanh dao mpt Nha Tring ung
hg Dai Loan manh me nhat kd tir khi Luat
Quan hd vdi Dai Loan cd hipu lyc. Dac bipt,
Dai Loan la mgt frong sd it nhiing van dd ma
Qudc hgi My cd sy ddng thuan. Qudc hpi
My da thudng xuydn thdng qua cac dao luat
cd lt;ri cho Dai Loan vdi mue ung hp tuydt
ddi xuyen sudt nhidm ky cua Tdng thdng
Donald Trump. Hipn tai van chua rd chinh
sach Dai Loan cudi ciing cua chinh quyin
Donald Trump se la gi, nhtmg trade mit ed
thi thiy Nha Tring vin se duy tti sy lidn tuc
cila cac chinh sach vtii Dai Loan, cac chinh
sach vin bam chat vao cac nguydn tic co
ban cua Luat Quan he vdi Dai Loan va ba
ban thdng cao My - Trung. Ngoai ra, vide
My hoaeh djnh chinh sach vtii Dai Loan
cung phai can cir frdn ca sd mdi quan hd
22
Nghien cicu khjyaJlPi
hidn tai cua My vdi Trang Qudc. Mac du
phia Hoa Ky cd thi sd ho trg, ung hd nhieu
ban cho ndn dan chu cua Dai Loan, tao Uiem
nhiiu ap lyc ldn Bic Kinh nhung cd the
khing djnh vide In djnh hda binh trdn eo
biln Dai Loan se vin la chinh sach ciia Hoa
K\ ttong tucmg lai./.
TAI LlfU THAM KHAO
1. Hoang Minh Hang (2015), An ninh Ddng
sic A trudc su trdi day ctia Trung Qudc vd sir
gia tdng can dg Chdu A ctia Hoa Ky, Nxb Khoa
hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi.
2. Jeffrey A.Bader (2015), Obama vd su trdi
day cita Trung Quic - Ben trong chiin luge
Chdu A ciia My, Nxb Chinh tri Quic gia - Sy
that. Ha Npi.
3. Chiris Horton (2019), "Taiwan's Status Is
a Geopolitical Absurdity", https://www.theat
lantic.conVintemational/archive/2019/07/taiwan
s-status-geopolitical-absurdity/593371/.
4. Daniel Lynch (2018), "Playing the Taiwan
Card, Tmmp Is Needlessly Provoking China",
https.//www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/20
18-03-19/playing-taiwan-card.
5. Kerry Dumbaugh (2009), Talwan-U.S
Relalions: Developments and Policy
Implicalions, Congressional Research Service,
CRS Report for Congress.
6. a a « (2011), Mm»mmmmmm, m
itm (Tnrang Thuc Nha (2011), Gidi thieh
chinh sdch cua My dot vdi Bdt Loan, Thanh phd
Tan Bic).
NGHIEN Cdu OdNQ BflC fl. sd 11(225) ll-jg^.