Câu chủ động là câu được sử dụng khi chủ thể thực hiện hành động tác động

vào
người hay vật khác.
The cat drinks milk.
S V O
Câu bị động là câu mà trong đó chủ thể không thực hiện hành động mà ngược lại
bị tác động lên bởi một yếu tố khác.
Milk is drunk by the cat
O be + V3/ed S
 Quy tắc:
Khi biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động sang bị động ta làm theo các bước sau:
a. Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.
b. Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.
Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau By trong câu bị động.
c. Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành V3/ed (Past Participle) trong câu bị
động.
d. Thêm “To be” vào trước P2 trong câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời của V
chính trong câu
chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).

 Lưu ý:
a. Trong câu bị động by + O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ
nơi chốn) và đứng trước adverbs of time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian).

b. Trong câu bị động, có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone,

by him, by her…nếu chỉ đối tượng không xác định.

c. Nếu O trong câu bị động là sự vật, sự việc thì dùng with thay cho by.
With dùng cho vật, by mới dung cho người.
Eg: The bird was shot with the gun. → The bird was shot by the hunter.
Tense Active Passive

Simple Present S+V+O S+be +V3/ed + by + O

Present S + am/is/are + V-ing + S+ am/is/are + being+ V3/ed + by

Continuous O +O

S + has/have + V3/ed + S + has/have + been + V3/ed + by

Present Perfect
O +O

Past Perfect S+ had + V3/ed +O S + had + been + V3/ed + by + O

Simple Past S + V-ed + O S + was/were + V3/ed + by + O

S + was/were + V-ing + S+ was/were + being+ V3/ed + by

Past Continuous
O +O

Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + V3/ed + by + O

S + am/is/are + going to S + am/is/are + going to + be +

Be + going to
+V+O V3/ed+ by + O

S + model verb + be + V3/ed + by

Model Verbs S + model verb + V + O
+O

1. People grow rice in many countries in the world.

-> Rice ______________________________________
2. Graham Bell invented the telephone many years ago.
-> The telephone ______________________________
3. They have used this car for many years.
-> This car ___________________________________
4. Lan practices English every day.
-> English ____________________________________
5. They will take the garbage out of the city.
-> The garbage _____________________________
6. Mary sent me this letter two days ago.
-> I _________________________________________
7. People make compost from vegetables.
-> Compost ____________________________________
8. You must finish this work before Sunday.
-> This work _____________________________________
9. She hasn't used this bicycle for a long time.
-> This bicycle __________________________________
10. I saw a strange man in my garden yesterday.
-> A strange man _______________________________
11. They clean the floor every morning.
-> The floor ____________________________________
12. They will solve the problem soon.
-> The problem __________________________________
13. They break the glass into small pieces.
-> The glass ____________________________________
15. They made these cars in the USA.
-> These cars ______________________________________
16. People have used the Internet all over the world.
-> The Internet ___________________________
17. We planted many trees in the school garden.
-> Many trees _________________________________
18. Someone has taken my book away.
-> My book ___________________________________
19. He didn't help me with my homework.
-> I ___________________________________________
20. We have learnt English for three years.
-> English ______________________________________
21. My father often reads books before bedtime .
-> Books ............................................................................
22. Lan bought some comic books for her brother .
-> Some comic books ..........................................................
23. My sister received a letter yesterday .
-> A letter ............................................................................
24. She can solve the problem in just 2 minutes .
-> The problem .....................................................................
25. Nowadays people use electricity for lighting.
-> Electricity ...........................................................................
III. Choose the correct answer.
1. We can’t go along here because the road……………………
A. is repairing
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. repairs
2. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie
A. was written
B. was written by
C. was written from
D. wrote by
3. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday
A. happened
B. was happened
C. happens
D. is happened
4. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture
B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured
D. are manufacturing
5. A lot of pesticide residue can…………………………………..unwashed
produce
A. find
B. found
C. be finding
D. be found
6. We………………by a loud noise during the night
A. woke up
B. are woken up
C. were woken up
D. were waking up
7. Some film stars……………….difficult to work with
A. are said be
B. are said to be
C. say to be
D. said to be
8. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me?
– I don’t enjoy……………………at
A. be laughed
B. to be laughed
C. laughing
D. being laughed
9. Today, many serious childhood diseases………………………by early
immunization
A. are preventing
B. can prevent
C. prevent
D. can be prevented
10. Bicycles…………………..in the driveway
A. must not leave
B. must not be leaving
C. must not be left
D. must not have left
11. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony…………………..next weekend
A. is going to be performed
B. has been performed
C. will be performing
D. will have perform
12. All bottles………………………………..before transportation
A. frozen
B. were froze
C. were frozen
D. are froze
13. ………………………………………..yet?
A. Have the letters been typed
B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed
D. Had the letters typed
14. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or
Singapore where……………..for administration, broadcasting and education
A. is used
B. it is used
C. used
D. being used
15. The telephones…………..by Alexander Graham Bell
A. is invented
B. is inventing
C. invented
D. was invented
16. Lots of houses……………….by the earthquake
A. are destroying
B. destroyed
C. were destroyed
D. is destroyed
17. Gold…………………….in California in the 19th century
A. was discovered
B. has been discovered
C. was discover
D. they discover
28. The preparation…………………..by the time the guest……………………….
A. had been finished- arrived
B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving
D. have been finished- were arrived
19. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish
B. punished
C. punishing
D. was punished
20. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___________ of cotton.
A. be made
B. are made
C. is made
D. made
21. We got our mail ______ yesterday.
A. been delivered
B. delivered
C. delivering
D. to deliver
22. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.
A. is made
B. is making
C. made
D. make
23. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
A. known
B. knew
C. is known
D. know
24. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used
B. is not used
C. didn’t used
D. are not used
25. Laura ______ in Boston.
A. are born
B. were born
C. was born
D. born
IV. Rewrite the sentence.
1. An old woman feeds the pigeons.
The pigeons ________________________
2. A burglar broke the window.
The window _____________________
3. Someone has made a mistake.
A mistake ______________________
4. Everyone is going to love her.
She _____________________________
5. Cervantes wrote 'Don Quixote'.
'Don Quixote' ___________________
6. She is helping my sister.
My sister ________________
7. Pamela will drive the bus.
The bus ___________________
8. I was watering the plants.
The plants ___________________
9. Somebody cleans the room every day.
The room ............................................
10. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
All flights ............................................
11. People don't use this road very often.
This road ............................................
12. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
The computer ............................................
13. They are building a new highway around the city.
A new highway ............................................